1 An Introduction to Word classes



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- English Grammar You Need to Know
1 5089602869292696115
Adjectival
Verbal This film is terrifying This film is
terrifying the children Your comments are alarming Your comments are alarming the people The defendant's answers were
misleading The defendant's answers were misleading the jury We can also identify -ing forms as verbal if it is possible to change the -ing form into anon- progressive verb

Progressive
Non-progressive The children are dancing The children
dance My eyes are stinging My eyes
sting The wood is drying The wood
dries Compare these changes from progressive to non-progressive with the following
the work is rewarding the work
rewards the job was exacting the job
exacted your paper was interesting your paper interested In these instances, the inability to produce fully acceptable non-progressive sentences indicates adjectival use.

Similar indeterminacy occurs with -ed forms. Again, we can generally use very to determine whether the -ed word is adjectival or verbal
The bomb was detonated The bomb was very detonated This document is hand-written This document is very hand-written My house was built in only twelve weeks My house was very built in only twelve weeks Ten people were killed Ten people were very killed The inability to supply very in these cases indicates a verbal rather than an adjectival construction. However, this testis less reliable with -ed forms than it is with -ing forms, since very can sometimes be supplied in both the adjectival and the verbal constructions


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