1. the life, significance, and philosophy of clemens timpler, 1563/4-1624 (germany)

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Subject: Biology; Philosophy

Classification: 0306: Biology; 0422: Philosophy

Identifier / keyword: Philosophy, religion and theology Biological sciences Experimental evolution Experiments Exploratory experiments Hypothesis testing Simulations Surprise

Title: Experiments, simulations, and lessons from experimental evolution

Number of pages: 149

Publication year: 2015

Degree date: 2015

School code: 0175

Source: DAI-A 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321851649

Advisor: Weisberg, Michael

Committee member: Detlefsen, Karen; Singer, Daniel; Sniegowski, Paul

University/institution: University of Pennsylvania

Department: Philosophy

University location: United States -- Pennsylvania

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3709535

ProQuest document ID: 1699100043

Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1699100043?accountid=14709

Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.

Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global

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Document 30 of 50

A mathematical life: Richard Courant, New York University and scientific diplomacy in twentieth century America

Author: Shields, Brittany Anne

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Abstract: This dissertation considers the career of the mathematician Richard Courant (1888-1972) and the development of New York University’s Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences to study the manifold ways in which mathematics and science can function as objects of—and catalysts to—international cultural exchange in times of both peace and war. I trace the cultural history of this research and teaching mathematics institute, with a particular focus on the dynamic relationships between the Courant Institute mathematicians and their peers in the military, government, private foundations and academia – both in the United States and abroad. I examine the careers of the Institute’s founder, the German, Jewish émigré Richard Courant, and his colleagues as they fled from Nazi Germany, immigrated to the United States, and then negotiated the complex landscape of academic research and public service during the Second World War and in the postwar and Cold War eras. I argue that the Courant Institute mathematicians understood their own social roles and cultural identities to be more than academic. They were scientific ambassadors to postwar Germany and the Cold War Soviet Union; contracted scientific advisors and researchers to the military and government; and informants on the status of scientific life in other nations to the American government and private organizations. Ultimately, this dissertation argues that the Courant Institute mathematicians, engaged in what is widely understood to be a cerebral endeavor, were part and parcel of their social, cultural and political environment throughout the twentieth-century in the United States and abroad. Their history provides a unique view on not only the production of mathematical knowledge, but also on the role mathematicians have played in twentieth-century American culture and society.

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Subject: American history; Science history

Classification: 0337: American history; 0585: Science history

Identifier / keyword: Social sciences American science Courant institute of mathematical sciences New york university Richard courant Scientific diplomacy Scientific identity

Title: A mathematical life: Richard Courant, New York University and scientific diplomacy in twentieth century America

Number of pages: 229

Publication year: 2015

Degree date: 2015

School code: 0175

Source: DAI-A 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321851823

Advisor: Lindee, M. Susan

Committee member: Cowan, Ruth Schwartz; Tresch, John

University/institution: University of Pennsylvania

Department: History and Sociology of Science

University location: United States -- Pennsylvania

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3709551

ProQuest document ID: 1699101968

Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1699101968?accountid=14709

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Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global

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Document 31 of 50

The drainage network of the Athenian Agora

Author: Artz, James Elliot Claus

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Abstract: This work presents a synthetic analysis of the Athenian Agora’s drainage network, based on the collection of associated objects found during its excavation. Some components of the drainage network have been published piecemeal following their excavation, but investigation of the Athenian system as a whole has never been undertaken. The drainage network is comprised of a series of small pipes and channels that were connected to larger conduits running beneath the city’s streets. The larger conduits emptied into the Eridanos River, which carried the city’s wastewater out to sea. Systematic control of rainwater runoff and overflow from aqueducts began in the 6 th century B.C., and the integrated drainage network in the Agora silted up around the 6 th century A.D. A typology of the terracotta, stone, and lead components of the city’s hydraulic infrastructure is presented in the catalog accompanying this work. In addition to presenting an analysis of the city’s drainage network, the catalog and typology may prove helpful for excavators conducting fieldwork in the Agora, around within the city, and perhaps elsewhere in Greece. While a comprehensive reconstruction is hindered by the fragmentary state of its remains, the development of and changes to the ancient city’s drainage network can be understood through an examination of its material remains and the strata in which they were found.

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Subject: Archaeology; Hydrologic sciences; Classical Studies

Classification: 0324: Archaeology; 0388: Hydrologic sciences; 0434: Classical Studies

Identifier / keyword: Social sciences Earth sciences Agora Archaeology Athens Drainage Greece Urbanization Water

Title: The drainage network of the Athenian Agora

Number of pages: 392

Publication year: 2015

Degree date: 2015

School code: 0656

Source: DAI-A 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321920505

Advisor: Ault, Bradley A.

Committee member: Dyson, Stephen L.; Higbie, Carolyn

University/institution: State University of New York at Buffalo

Department: Classics

University location: United States -- New York

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3714534

ProQuest document ID: 1700219368

Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1700219368?accountid=14709

Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.

Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global

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Document 32 of 50

Signs in the song: Scientific poetry in the hellenistic period

Author: Wilson, Kathryn Dorothy

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Abstract: My dissertation examines the works of three poets, Aratus, Apollonius of Rhodes, and Nicander, as scientific poetry. Rather than focusing on either literary or scientific material within them, I show that such a distinction is artificial and both literary and scientific interests are reflected in all aspects of these works. I argue that we should view the poems as serious attempts to discuss scientific matters, and that their intent to do so also impacts their own understanding of their poetry. In the introduction, I establish the parameters of my project, explain my definition of science, and discuss the lines of argumentation ancient scholars used to address the question of a poet’s authority to speak about scientific subjects. In my first chapter, I address Aratus’ Phaenomena as a poem about signs. Aratus ties his astronomical and meteorological information together through the unifying theme of semiology, and he focuses on the human ability to recognize signs and use them for practical purposes. My second chapter addresses Apollonius of Rhodes’ position within contemporary geographical debates, in particular about the use of Homer as a source. Apollonius uses his poetry to argue not only that Homer’s geography is authoritative but also that epic poetry has a prominent place in the discipline. In my final chapter, I focus on how Nicander establishes his relationship with Aratus as a way of legitimizing his subject of study, toxicology, and as a place of departure to secure his own position in the poetic canon. Nicander evinces a particular interest in taxonomy, and experiments with several different ways of organizing his information, while also exploring human mortality and the dangers of interactions with nature. All of this is united in his interest in names, as a means of differentiating species of venomous snakes and as a means of counteracting mortality by ensuring one’s legacy. Each of these poets has a different goal in their works, but none of these can be cleanly separated into the literary and the scientific.

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Subject: Classical studies

Classification: 0294: Classical studies

Identifier / keyword: Language, literature and linguistics

Title: Signs in the song: Scientific poetry in the hellenistic period

Number of pages: 261

Publication year: 2015

Degree date: 2015

School code: 0175

Source: DAI-A 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321852189

Advisor: Rosen, Ralph M.

Committee member: Farrell, Joseph; Wilson, Emily

University/institution: University of Pennsylvania

Department: Classical Studies

University location: United States -- Pennsylvania

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3709587

ProQuest document ID: 1700412516

Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1700412516?accountid=14709

Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.

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Document 33 of 50

Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo (1478-1557): Renaissance Reader and New World Naturalist and Historian

Author: Gansen, Elizabeth

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Abstract: Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés (1478-1557) was the first major historian of Spain's New World in Castilian. His voluminous works embrace both natural and political history of the Indies, which have been the common focus of scholarship. In the study of Oviedo's life and works, his acquaintance with European Renaissance culture has been largely overlooked, in addition to his non-Indies works such as the Batallas y Quinquagenas and the Quinquagenas. In this dissertation, I have attempted to bring together his experience at the Spanish and Italian courts in Europe as well as his four decades in the Spanish Antilles. I reexamine Oviedo's life in relationship to his works from his earliest experiences at princely and royal courts through his last days at the fortress of Santo Domingo. In discussing Oviedo's treatment of the natural history of the Indies, I analyze his reading of Pliny the Elder's Historia Naturalis. Moving to the historical dimension of his works, I take into account Oviedo's discussions of Renaissance historiography and philosophy as informed by such thinkers as Giovanni Gioviano Pontano and Pedro Mejía. I consider Oviedo's approach to history as a form of written memory, and I examine his increasing appreciation of the Taíno cultural practice of the areíto , a form of song and dance through which native communities conserved their collective memories, making it an Antillean ars memoria. Regarding Oviedo's use of and views on visual representation, I turn again to Pliny's Historia Naturalis , which constitutes the only extant source of descriptions of ancient Greek art and to which Oviedo makes reference. I also take into account Oviedo's personal interactions with Renaissance art and artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Alonso Berruguete. Altogether, I argue that Oviedo's considerations of memory and visual signification are fundamental to his evolving concept of Spanish history in the Indies, which is the topic with which I conclude my dissertation.

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Subject: Latin American literature; Latin American history

Classification: 0312: Latin American literature; 0336: Latin American history

Identifier / keyword: Language, literature and linguistics Social sciences Amerindian customs Colonial Latin America Discovery and exploration of the New World Oviedo, Gonzalo Fernandez de Renaissance Spain

Title: Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo (1478-1557): Renaissance Reader and New World Naturalist and Historian

Number of pages: 274

Publication year: 2015

Degree date: 2015

School code: 0265

Source: DAI-A 76/11(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 9781321928327

Advisor: Adorno, Rolena

University/institution: Yale University

University location: United States -- Connecticut

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 3663440

ProQuest document ID: 1701275150

Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1701275150?accountid=14709

Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.

Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global

____________________________________________________________

Document 34 of 50

Innateness in the sciences: Separating nature, nurture, and nativism

Author: Engelbert, Mark

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Abstract: Scientists across the life sciences routinely appeal to notions of "innate" or "genetic" traits to explain developmental phenomena, and the idea of "innate" differences among people has figured prominently in some explanations of observed social inequality. This dissertation is an analysis of these concepts, which proceeds in two parts. Part I explores various philosophical issues related to the use of innateness as an explanatory concept, while Part II examines controversial claims that genetic differences among racial groups account for observed social inequality. I argue throughout that much disagreement about innateness arises from innocuous differences in explanatory goals and interests among different scientific research programs. Nevertheless, some proponents of genetic racial differences rely on understandings of "genetic" traits that conflict with the moral commitments of a just society. Part I begins with arguments for a contextual and pragmatic approach to scientific explanation: in order for an explanation to be a good one, it must cite causes that are relevant to our interests in the explanatory context. I then apply this framework to biology and psychology, showing how different contexts call for different interpretations of innateness. I conclude Part I by responding to arguments that aim to establish a single meaning for "innate"/"genetic" across all explanatory contexts. Part II examines the use of "innate" and "genetic" concepts in developmental biology and population genetics, and applies the lessons of this examination to debates about alleged racial differences in genes for intelligence. I show that "hereditarians," who argue for innate racial differences, employ an explanatory framework that abstracts away from substantial complexity in developmental interactions between genes and environments. While this framework is adequate for certain purposes, it is poorly suited to designing interventions capable of eliminating racial IQ differences and attendant social inequality. I propose an alternative, mechanistic framework that promotes understanding of developmental complexity and design of effective interventions. I argue that a full commitment to racial equality demands that we adopt this latter framework, and to the extent that hereditarians resist doing so, their work exhibits some racist tendencies.