1st version prepared for the bpoA +10 Inter-regional

ANNEX I

____________________________________

23. Human activities are having an increasing impact on the integrity of ecosystems that provide essential resources and services for human well being and economic activities. Managing the natural resources base in a sustainable and integrated manner is essential for sustainable development. In this regard, to reverse the current trend in natural resource degradation as soon as possible, it is necessary to implement strategies which should include targets adopted at the national and, where appropriate, regional levels to protect ecosystems and to achieve integrated management of land, water and living resources, while strengthening regional, national and local capacities.

25. Develop integrated water resources management and water efficiency plans by 2005, with support to developing countries, through actions at all levels to:

(d) Develop programmes for mitigating the effects of extreme water-related events.

* * *

35. An integrated, multi-hazard, inclusive approach to address vulnerability, risk assessment and disaster management, including prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery, is an essential element of a safer world in the 21^st century. Actions are required at all levels to:

(a) Strengthen the role of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) and encourage the international community to provide the necessary financial resources to its Trust Fund;

(b) Support the establishment of effective regional, sub-regional and national strategies and scientific and technical institutional support for disaster management;

(c) Strengthen the institutional capacities of countries and promote international joint observation and research, through improved surface based monitoring and increased use of satellite data, dissemination of technical and scientific knowledge and the provision of assistance to vulnerable countries;

(d) Reduce the risks of flooding and drought in vulnerable countries by, inter-alia, promoting wetland and watershed protection and restoration, improved land-use planning, improving and applying more widely techniques and methodologies for assessing the potential adverse effects of climate change on wetlands and, as appropriate, assisting countries that are particularly vulnerable to these effects;

(e) Improve techniques and methodologies for assessing effects of climate change and encourage the continuing assessment of these adverse effects by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;

(f) Encourage the dissemination and use of traditional and indigenous knowledge to mitigate the impact of disasters, and promote community-based disaster management planning by local authorities, including through training activities and raising public awareness;

(g) Support the on-going voluntary contribution of, as appropriate, NGOs, the scientific community, and other partners in the management of natural disasters according to agreed, relevant guidelines;

(h) Develop and strengthen early warning systems and information networks in disaster management, consistent with the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction;

(i) Develop and strengthen capacity at all levels to collect and disseminate scientific and technical information, including the improvement of early warning systems for prediction of extreme weather events, especially El Niño/La Niña, through the provisions of assistance to institutions devoted to addressing such events, including the International Centre for the Study of the El Niño phenomenon;

(j) Promote cooperation for the prevention and mitigation of, preparedness for, response to and recovery from major technological and other disasters with an adverse impact on the environment in order to enhance the capabilities of affected countries to cope with such situations.

36. Change in the Earth’s climate and its adverse effects are a common concern of humankind. We remain deeply concerned that all countries, particularly developing countries, including the least developed countries and small island developing States, face increased risks of negative impacts of climate change and recognize that, in this context, the problems of poverty, land degradation, access to water and food and human health remain in the centre of global attention.

39. Strengthen the implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, particularly in Africa to address causes of desertification and land degradation in order to maintain and restore land, and to address poverty resulting from land degradation. This would include actions at all levels to:

(d) Integrate measures to prevent and combat desertification as well as to mitigate the effects of drought through relevant policies and programmes, such as land, water and forest management, agriculture, rural development, early warning systems, environment, energy, natural resources, health and education, and poverty eradication and sustainable development strategies;
(e) Provide affordable local access to information to improve monitoring and early warning related to desertification and drought;
* * *

40. Mountain ecosystems support particular livelihoods, and include significant watershed resources, biological diversity and unique flora and fauna. Many are particularly fragile and vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change and need specific protection.

52. (h) Extend assistance to small island developing States in support of local communities and appropriate national and regional organizations of small island developing States for comprehensive hazard and risk management, disaster prevention, mitigation and preparedness, and help relieve the consequences of disasters, extreme weather events and other emergencies;

1. 
   Support the finalization and subsequent early operationalization, on agreed terms, of economic, social and environmental vulnerability indices and related indicators as tools for the achievement of the sustainable development of the small island developing States;
   

(j) Assist small island developing States in mobilizing adequate resources and partnerships for their adaptation needs relating to the adverse effects of climate change, sea level rise and climate variability, consistent with commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, where applicable;

83. Reduce unsustainable debt burden through actions as debt relief and, as appropriate, debt cancellation and other innovative mechanisms geared to comprehensively address the debt problems of developing countries, in particular the poorest and most heavily indebted ones.

99. Promote, facilitate and finance, as appropriate, access to and development, transfer and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies and corresponding know-how, in particular in developing countries and countries with economies in transition on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed, as set out in chapter 34 of Agenda 21, including through urgent actions at all levels to:

103. Improve policy and decision-making at all levels through, inter alia, improved collaboration between natural and social scientists, and between scientists and policy makers, including actions at all levels to:

1. 
   Increase the use of scientific knowledge and technology, and increase the beneficial use of local and indigenous knowledge in a manner respectful of the holders of that knowledge and consistent with national law;
   

2. 
   Make greater use of integrated scientific assessments, risk assessments and interdisciplinary and intersectoral approaches;
   

118. Encourage further work on indicators for sustainable development by countries at the national level, including integration of gender aspects, on a voluntary basis, in line with conditions and priorities.

1. 
   Provide affordable access to disaster-related information for early warning purposes;
   

2. 
   Translate available data, particularly from global meteorological observation systems, into timely and useful products.
   

ANNEX II

____________________________________

Natural and environmental disasters

1. 
   The Caribbean SIDS remain extremely vulnerable to natural and man-made disasters and scarce resources continue to be diverted from other social, economic and infrastructure programmes to respond to these disasters. Most Caribbean SIDS now have draft disaster management policies and programmes and some have developed hazard mitigation policies and have sought to include these measures into their national development plans. There has been an improvement in the early warning system of the region. In addition, a more coordinated regional approach to disaster management and recovery has been developed.
   

2. 
   However, there is need for more detailed research on the complex nature of vulnerability. Integrated development planning, completion of the work on vulnerability indices, capacity development and resources are all urgent requirements. The meeting acknowledged some progress in these areas, and proposed that programmes be enhanced to address vulnerability mapping for integration into sustainable development plans, building codes and legislation. The need for international support in this regard was emphasized.
   

3. 
   Frequent recurrence of natural disasters, small size and limited bargaining capacity have resulted in the increased cost of insurance and re-insurance in SIDS. Access to affordable insurance and re-insurance schemes is considered integral to building resilience in disaster prone SIDS. The BPOA proposed that attention be given to this issue, and the Caribbean SIDS recalled that assistance from a major international financial institution to address this issue had been requested since the mid-1990’s. The meeting recommended that the issue of insurance and re-insurance be again highlighted and that an appropriate international institution be identified to undertake a feasibility study on cost-effective and affordable facilities that could be made available for SIDS.
   

ANNEX III

TERMINOLOGY: Basic terms of disaster risk reduction⁴

Coping capacity

The manner in which people and organizations use existing resources to achieve various beneficial ends during unusual, abnormal, and adverse conditions of a disaster event or process.

The strengthening of coping capacities usually builds resilience to withstand the effects of natural and other hazards.

Disaster

A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causing widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected community/society to cope using its own resources.

A disaster is a function of the risk process. It results from the combination of hazards, conditions of vulnerability and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce the potential negative consequences of risk.

Disaster risk reduction (disaster reduction)

The systematic development and application of policies, strategies and practices to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) adverse impact of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development.

The disaster risk reduction framework, as described in this review, is composed of:

• 
  Risk awareness and assessment, including hazard analysis and vulnerability/capacity analysis;
  
• 
  Knowledge development, including education, training, research and information;
  
• 
  Public commitment and institutional frameworks, including organizational, policy, legislation and community action;
  
• 
  Application of measures, including environmental management, land use and urban planning, protection of critical facilities, application of science and technology, partnership and networking, and financial instruments; and
  
• 
  Early warning systems, including forecasting, dissemination of warnings, preparedness measures and reaction capacities.
  

Early warning

The provision of timely and effective information, through identified institutions, that allow individuals at risk of a disaster to take action to avoid or reduce their risk and prepare for effective response.

Early warning systems consist of three elements (i) forecasting and prediction of impending events, (ii) processing and dissemination of warnings to political authorities and population, and (iii) undertaking appropriate reaction to warnings.

El Niño-southern oscillation (ENSO)

An irregularly occurring pattern of abnormal warming of the surface coastal waters off Ecuador, Peru and Chile. This coupled atmosphere-ocean phenomenon is associated with the fluctuation of intertropical surface pressure pattern and circulation in the Indian and Pacific oceans, called the Southern Oscillation.

There has been a number of attempts to define El Niño, both quantitatively and qualitatively, but none has achieved universal recognition. This phenomenon triggers a shift in seasonal patterns of weather systems over many subtropical and mid-latitude parts of the globe.

La Niña is the opposite of an El Niño event, during which waters in the west Pacific are warmer than normal and trade winds are stronger.

Hazard

A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon and/or human activity, which may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation.

Hazards can include latent conditions that may represent future threats and can have different origins: natural (geological, hydrometeorological and biological) and/or induced by human processes (environmental degradation and technological hazards). Hazards can be single, sequential or combined in their origin and effects. Each hazard is characterized by its location, intensity and probability.

Mitigation

Structural and non-structural measures undertaken to limit the adverse impact of natural hazards, environmental degradation and technological hazards.

Preparedness

Activities and measures taken in advance to ensure effective response to the impact of disaster, including the issuance of timely and effective early warnings and the temporary removal of people and property from a threatened location.

Prevention

Activities to provide outright avoidance of the adverse impact of hazards and related environmental, technological and biological disasters.

Depending on social and technical feasibility and cost/benefit considerations, investing in preventive measures is justified in areas frequently affected by disaster. In the context of public awareness raising and education, prevention refers to attitude and behaviour towards a “culture of prevention.”

Recovery

Decisions and actions taken after a disaster with a view to restoring the living conditions of the stricken community, while encouraging and facilitating necessary adjustments to reduce disaster risk.

Recovery (rehabilitation and reconstruction) is an opportunity to develop and apply disaster risk reduction measures.

Resilience / resilient

The capacity of a system, community or society to resist or to change in order to obtain an acceptable level in functioning and structure. This is determined by the degree to which the social system is capable of organizing itself, and the ability to increase its capacity for learning and adaptation, including the capacity to recover from a disaster.

Risk

The probability of harmful consequences, or expected loss (of lives, people injured, property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted or environment damaged) resulting from interactions between natural or human-induced hazards and vulnerable/capable conditions. Conventionally, risk is expressed by the equation Risk = Hazards x Vulnerability / Capacity.

Beyond expressing a probability of physical harm, it is crucial to appreciate that risks are always created or exist within social systems. It is important to consider the social contexts in which risks occur and that people therefore do not necessarily share the same perceptions of risk and their underlying causes.

Risk assessment

A process to determine the nature and extent of risk by analysing potential hazards and evaluating existing conditions of vulnerability/capacity that could pose a potential threat or harm to people, property, livelihoods and the environment on which they depend.

The process of conducting a risk assessment is based in a review of both technical features of hazards such as their location, intensity and probability, and also the analysis of the physical, social and economic dimensions of vulnerability, while taking particular account of the coping capabilities pertinent to the risk scenarios.

Risk management

The systematic management of administrative decisions, organization, operational skills and responsibilities to apply policies, strategies and practices for disaster risk reduction.

Vulnerability

A set of conditions and processes resulting from physical, social, economical, and environmental factors, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards.

Positive factors, that increase the ability of people and the society they live in to cope effectively with hazards, that increase their resilience, or that otherwise reduce their susceptibility, are considered as capacities.

1 A/…..

2 2003 Geo Risks Research Dept., Munich Re., January 2003.

3 Note that the text it is extracted from the un-edited version of the “future draft report of the Main Committee of the World Summit on Sustainable Development”, 5 September 2002.

Paragraph numbers and final edited text may be different in the final version

4 Extract from “Living with Risk: A global review of disaster reduction initiatives,” ISDR, Preliminary Version, 2002.

Directory: 2005
2005 -> State of florida department of environmental protection
2005 -> Katalog softvera (11. 727 naslova)
2005 -> Noaa long-term Research Initiative Attacking the Hurricane Intensity and Inland Flood Forecast Problem
2005 -> Inter-Agency Task Force on Disaster Reduction Twelfth Session 22-24 November 2005 Geneva, Palais des Nations
2005 -> Curriculum Vitae October 2016 Office Address
2005 -> A brand New Image? Should Personality Rights be
2005 -> Sunday August 21, 2005
2005 -> Wipo arbitration and Mediation Center

Download 118.15 Kb.

Share with your friends: