21st Century Grammar Handbook

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21st century grammar
21st century grammar, transformation, transformation, - - - .pdf;filename*= UTF-8''অনুবাদ চর্চা (প্রথম আলো পত্রিকা থেকে-২৯-০৩-২০২০)-1, 21st century grammar

Continual, continuous.

parts of speech. Conscience a noun, is a person’s feeling for or sense of moral or ethical correctness—right and wrong. A conscious person is awake, aware, not asleep or otherwise knocked out. Conscious is an adjective.
Conscious. See conscience.
Consonant. The letters in the alphabet divide into two main types consonants and
vowels. Consonants are all the letters but a e i o and u from which they are distinguished by the way we produce their sounds when we speak. It is sometimes important to recognize consonants and vowels when you are deciding how a word breaks into syllables so that you can hyphenate it.
Continual, continuous. Continual things goon over longish periods but may stop and start. Continuous things don’t stop and extend for fairly long times.
Continuous. See continual.
Contraction. Especially in less than formal or standard English, words are often shortened or contracted and combined into a single word “Isn’t it wonderful!”
While this happens in speech naturally and without recourse to any special conventions or treatments, in writing the decision to use contractions must be consistent with expected style and standards and must observe some rules of spelling.
Written contractions contain an apostrophe that indicates letters have been omitted form the shortened word or words “cannot—can’t,” should not—shouldn’t,” she would—she’d.” Just where the apostrophe falls can be hard to judge and may require the use of a reference source or dictionary to con rm. Be careful not to use more than one apostrophe even though more than one letter has been dropped or letters have been dropped in more than one place he could not have—he couldn’tve.”
The last example illustrates the problem of standards and choosing whether or not

to use contractions. Strictly speaking, no contractions, particularly elaborate ones like “couldn’tve,” should appear in academic or otherwise formal writing. But increasingly, the highest, most constrained styles allow contractions as they come closer to spoken language, which is full of such elisions. No guidebook or reference can tell you whether to use contractions in what you write, but there are some points to consider. If you are unsure of the style expected of you, it is probably best to be cautious and avoid contractions. However, even in the most demanding styles, some uncontracted phrases may sound a ected or pretentious. When you face such a situation, you might decide to yield to the temptation to allow a less formal, more speechlike contraction to creep into what you write.
A few contractions have become standard English, usually when archaic phrases
have been contracted into commonly used forms “ ve of the clock ve o’clock.”
Only the contracted forms of such words are used. See also its, their, and your.

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