21st Century Grammar Handbook
Elude. See allude.Emigrate, immigrate
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21st century grammar, transformation, transformation, - - - .pdf;filename*= UTF-8''অনুবাদ চর্চা (প্রথম আলো পত্রিকা থেকে-২৯-০৩-২০২০)-1, 21st century grammar
| Elude. See allude. Emigrate, immigrate. Both of these words derive from the verb migrate meaning to move, and refer to living beings changing their living place over fairly signi cant distances. The two commonly confused forms in this entry (neax-homonyms) are verbs that denote human migratory movement out of someplace (emigrate from Europe) and to someplace (immigrate to America. Closely related are the nouns “emigration,” immigration and “migration.” Emphasis. There are many ways to add emphasis to sentences, phrases, clauses, and whole statements. But their use should be resisted inmost cases If you have not presented your ideas clearly and forcefully enough through careful choice and order of words, it is unlikely that adding one of the emphasizing devices to your words will in fact make them any stronger. Still, there are moments when it helps your reader to stress what is important by using one of the following methods. Underlining is a typographical device to indicate a particularly important part of a text. Needless to say, lots of underlined text is no more distinctive than no underlined text. With today’s machines, many writers turn to other typefaces to do what underlining did on a typewriter—draw attention. But the presence of a lot of di erent typefaces in a document is usually more distracting than anything else, and an overabundance of italic type, bold type, and soon doesn’t improve logic or expression. Similarly, the addition of an exclamation point creates emphasis when it happens occasionally, but not when it is overdone. So don’t do it too often! Other punctuation marks commonly used to emphasize text are the dash, the ellipsis, and the quotation mark. All these marks have more legitimate uses than emphasis and should be used for those purposes more often than for emphasis. But it is true that an interjected or omitted phrase marked by dashes or ellipses is a sometimes handy tool, just as the extra quotation mark can call attention to a word that bears a bit of extra thought from the reader (see interjection). It is also possible to use word selection and word order to stress a point or idea (which is close to saying write more forcefully rather than rely on the more mechanical devices noted above. Words that merit special attention might be moved from their more expected or common position to a comprehensible but slightly unusual place in a phrase, clause, or sentence to draw attention to them Going home is nice is probably a stronger expression than It is nice to be going home.” The rearrangement of words need be no more dramatic or unusual than in this example to achieve adequate emphasis. The simplest and strongest places for words to draw attention are at the beginning and end of phrases, clauses, and particularly sentences. Which is why most sentences begin with a subject—the thing you most want your reader to pay attention to—and end with an object, the next most important thing in the sentence. Right in the middle lies a verb—at the center of attention in its own way. But sometimes more radical tools are needed Indeed, interjections—even wholesale inversions of word order—can come into play Using a conjunction or other interjected word at the beginning of a sentence is a modest emphatic device. Similarly, starting a sentence with a word other than the subject can add point to the statement. Similarly again, repetition of words in key positions or repeated similar phrase or clause structures can pull a sentence or series of statements out of the ordinary and into the reader’s focus Using inversions, choosing interjections, and writing for effect can add punch to your words.” Depending on how much pizzazz you are looking for or your audience can tolerate, you can resort to certain rhetorical devices that fairly scream your intent. “Hyperbole” is the intentional exaggeration of something to make a point There are millions of people here Exclamation points go quite naturally with hyperbole, which should be used with similar caution and restraint. So too with words that border on the limits of taste and acceptability by whatever standards are in force for your audience Expletives of whatever degree of severity or slang can draw attention. Usually they are unwarranted, and always they risk causing dismay or disgust. But, damn the torpedoes, give it a try! Expletives of the grammatical sort—sentences that begin with it or there and a form of “be”—have often been seen as a kind of emphasis, since they move the subject from its expected leading position in the sentence. However, any emphasizing e ect such sentences might have ever had has long since been lost in overuse. These more formal expletives are now clichés of a sort and often emphasize only weak or sloppy writing. Yet another device for emphasis is the sentence fragment, usually a grammatical error but on rare occasions an acceptable method for calling attention to something: “It was dark. Storm clouds. Thunder This technique is probably appropriate only to ction or poetry (if there) or personal correspondence. Fragments are often signaled or emphasized in themselves by the addition of ellipses. A nal device for emphasizing is the use of auxiliary verbs I do believe this is important This method borders on the mechanical devices listed above and should not be abused by overuse. Better to use variety of structure and word choice, attention to placement of keywords or phrases, and the selective application of more radical and mechanical devices to make sure that your writing has force and makes its important points clear to your readers. Download 1.09 Mb. Share with your friends:
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