443 infs 3 multimedia applications question bank chapter 1: Introduction to Multimedia
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Long Answer Questions 1. Discuss important considerations in using digital video in multimedia. Video places the highest performance demand on any computer system Digital has replaced analog as the method of choice for making video for multimedia. Digital video gear produces excellent finished products at a fraction of the cost of analog. Digital video eliminates the image-degrading analog-to-digital conversion. There are many sources for digital video, but getting the rights can be difficult , time-consuming , and expensive . 2. List important consideration in shooting and editing video for use in multimedia. Always import video and sound at the highest resolution and with the least amount of compression possible reduce the resolution and compress the footage later a cording to your needs Always shoot using a steady shooting platform. Good, even lighting is extremely important. Expensive sets are not required when using blue screen or matte techniques. Avoid wide panoramic shots and camera motion when shooting for a small computer window on CD-ROM or the Web. 3. Discuss some important consideration for preparing video for the web and CD-ROM. Codecs are digital video and audio compression schemes that compress a video for delivery and then decode it during playback. Streaming audio and video starts playback as soon as enough data has transferred to the user s computer to sustain this playback. The MPEG standards provide good media encoding abilities. MPEG-4 includes numerous multimedia capabilities and may become the preferred standard for video and audio in multimedia. CD-ROMs provide an excellent distribution medium for computer-based video. When preparing video for CD-ROM distribution, interleave the audio track with the video track, use key frames every 10 to 15 frames, and keep the size of the video window small. The Sorenson codec is optimized for CD-ROM playback. 4. Explain all types of broadcast video standard. 1. NTSC The 1952 National Television Standards Committee (NTSC). As specified by the NTSC standard, a single frame of video was made up of 525 horizontal scan lines drawn onto the inside face of a phosphor-coated picture tube every 1/30th of a second by a fast-moving electron beam. . The electron beam actually made two passes as it drew a single video frame—first it laid down all the odd-numbered lines, and then all the even-numbered lines. Each of these passes (which happen at a rate of 60 per second, or 60 Hz) painted a field, and the two fields were then combined to create a single frame at a rate of 30 frames per second(fps). Process of building a single frame from two fields is called interlacing, a technique that helps to prevent fickler on television screens. Computer monitors use a different progressive-scan technology, and draw the lines of an en entire frame in a single pass, without interlacing. 2. PAL The Phase Alternate Line (PAL) system was used in the United Kingdom, Western Europe, Australia, South Africa, China, and South America. PAL increased the screen resolution to 625 horizontal lines, but slowed the scan rate to 25 frames per second. As with NTSC, the even and odd lines were interlaced, each field taking 1/50 of a second to draw (50 Hz). 3. SECAM The Sequential Color and Memory (SECAM) system was used in France, Eastern Europe, the former USSR, and a few other countries. Although SECAM is a 625-line, 50 Hz system, it differed greatly from both the NTSC and the PAL color systems in its basic technology and broadcast method. 4. ATSC DTV The high definition television (HDTV) initiative of the federal communication commission in the 1980s, changed first to the advanced television(ATV) initiative and then finished as the digital television (DTV) initiative by the time the FCC. TV stations with sufficient bandwidth to present four or five standard television signals (STV, providing the NTSCs resolution of 545 lines with a 3.4 aspect ratio). HDTV signal (providing 1,080 lines of resolution with a movie screens 16:9 aspect ratio). 5. Explain different types of video recording and tape formats. Composite analog video Composite video combines the luminance and Chroma information from the video signal. As a result, it produces the lowest quality video and is most susceptible to generation loss, the loss of quality that occurs as you move from original footage to edit master to copy. This recording format was used for consumer analog video recording tape formats and was never adequate for most multimedia productions. Component analog video Component video separates the luminance and Chroma information in order to improve the quality of the video and to decrease generation loss. This is he level for "prosumer" –industrial and professional video equipment. As mentioned earlier, there are different methods of separating the signals, producing quality within this category. Chapter 7: Making Multimedia Short Answer Questions 1. Describe the four primary stages in a multimedia Project. Most multimedia and web project must be undertaken in stages. These include planning and costing, designing and producing, testing, and delivering. Before beginning a project, you should develop a sense of its scope. 2. Identify the most common hardware platforms for multimedia production and delivery. Multimedia developers have claimed that Apple's Macintosh is better equipped to manage sound and video editing , despite the huge installed base of windows-based PCs. While there are tools that allow for cross-platform and platform-independent media development, frustrating incompatibilities remain. 3. Define authoring systems, describe what they do, and list the three different types. With authoring system, you can create, edit, and import data; assemble raw data into a playback sequence or cue sheet; and provide a structured method or language for responding to user input. There are three types of authoring tools: card-or page-based, event-driven; and time-based. 4. Describe how authoring systems include multimedia elements, and how these elements interact with each other and their environment, including programming tools. Multimedia elements and events are often treated as objects that live in a hierarchical order of parent and child relationships. Massages passed among these objects order them to do things according to the properties or modifiers assigned to them. 5. Briefly describe the types of authoring tool. 1. Card- or page-based tools 2. Icon-based, event-driven multimedia and game-authoring tools 3. Time-based tools 
Card- and Page-Based Authoring Tools Card-based or page-based tools are authoring systems, wherein the elements are organized as pages of a book or a stack of cards. Thousands of pages or cards may be available in the book or stack. Icon- and Object-Based Authoring Tools 
Icon- or object-based, event-driven tools are authoring systems, wherein multimedia elements and interaction cues (events) are organized as objects in a structural framework or process. Icon- or object-based, event-driven tools simplify the organization of your project and typically display flow diagrams of activities along branching paths. Time-Based Authoring Tools Time-based tools are authoring systems, wherein elements and events are organized along a timeline, with resolutions as high as or higher than1/30 second. Time-based tools are best to use when you have a message with a beginning and an end. Sequentially organized graphic frames are played back at a speed that you can set. 
6. List down the people involved in a multimedia project development team. Artist Scriptwriter Animator (2-D/3-D) Sound Producer Music Composer Video Producer Multimedia Programmer Lawyer/Media Acquisition Marketing Director Executive Producer Creative Director /Multimedia Designer Art Director /Visual Designer Interface Designer Game Designer Subject Matter Expert Instructional Designer/Training Specialist HTML Coder Long Answer Questions 1. Discuss some of the common pitfalls of multimedia production, including the difficulty of appropriately crediting the production team. Trying to do it all, rather than building a good crew with appropriate skills,is tempting but usually fatal. The most precious asset you can apply to a multimedia project is creativity which is very difficult to learn. Credit for a project is a valuable commodity. Negotiate or make allowances for project credits early on. 2. List the main attributes, benefits, and drawbacks of the three types of authoring systems. With card-based tools, elements are organized as pages of a book or a stack of cards. Card-based tools are best used with elements that can be viewed individually, like the pages of a book or cards in a card file. Card-based authoring systems let you link these pages into organized sequences. With icon-based, event-driven authoring systems, multimedia elements and interaction cues are organized as objects in a structural framework. The icon-based tool's ability to visually chart the project's structure is particularly useful during the development of complicated navigational structures. With time-based tools, elements and events are organized along a timeline. Time-based tools are best to use when you have a message with a beginning and an end. Some time-based tools let you program jumps to any location in a sequence, there by adding navigation and interactive control. 3. Define the multimedia skill set, discuss how it applies to multimedia project and the skills needed to successfully manage a project team. The multimedia skillset includes detailed knowledge of computers, text, graphic arts, sound, and video. This skillset is most likely found in a composite of individuals working as a team. A project manager is responsible for overall development and implementation of a project as well as for day-to-day operations. In any project, including multimedia, team-building activities improve productivity by fostering communication and a work culture that helps its members work together. 4. Explain the rolls of each member of a multimedia project team. Executive Producer Producer/Project Manager Creative Director/Multimedia Designer Art Director/Visual Designer Artist Interface Designer Game Designer Subject Matter Expert Instructional Designer/Training Specialist Scriptwriter Animator (2-D/3-D) Sound Producer Music Composer Video Producer Multimedia Programmer HTML Coder Lawyer/Media Acquisition Marketing Director Project Manager A project manager’s role is at the center of the action. He or she is responsible for the overall development and implementation of a project as well as for day-to-day operations. Budgets, schedules, creative sessions, time sheets,illness, invoices, and team dynamics—the project manager is the glue that holds it together. Multimedia Designer Instructional designers are specialists in education or training and make sure that the subject matter is clear and properly presented for the intended audience. Interface designers devise the navigation pathways and content maps. Information designers structure content, determine user pathways and feedback, and select presentation media based on an awareness of the strengths of the many separate media that make up multimedia. All can be multimedia designers. Interface Designer Like a good film editor, an interface designer’s best work is never seen by the viewer—it’s “transparent.” In its simplest form, an interface provides control to the people who use it. It also provides access to the “media”. Writer Multimedia writers do everything writers of linear media do, and more. They create character, action, and point of view—a traditional scriptwriter’s tools of the trade—and they also create interactivity. Video Specialist Prior to the 2000s, producing video was extremely expensive, requiring a large crew and expensive equipment. Recently, however, the cost of the equipment and the size of the crew needed have dropped dramatically, and digital video presentation methods have combined increasingly capable hardware and software. Video specialist to be responsible for an entire team of videographers, sound technicians, lighting designers, set designers, script supervisors, gaffers, grips, production assistants, and actors. Audio Specialist The quality of audio elements can make or break a multimedia project. Audio specialists are the wizards who make a multimedia program come alive, by designing and producing music, voice-over narrations, and sound effects. Multimedia Programmer A multimedia programmer or software engineer integrates all the multimedia elements of a project into a seamless whole using an authoring system or programming language. Producer of Multimedia for the Web Web site producer is a new occupation, but putting together a coordinated set of pages for the World Wide Web requires the same creative process, skill sets, and (often) teamwork as any kind of multimedia does. Chapter 8: Multimedia Development Short Answer Questions 1. What are the probable elements for in the stage of idea analysis of a project? List down.
What is the essence of what you want to do? What is your purpose and message? Who is your intended audience? Who will be your end users? What do they already know about the subject? Will they understand industry terms (jargon), and what information do they need your project to communicate to them? What will their multimedia playback platforms be, and what are the minimal technical capabilities of those platforms? Is there a client, and what does the client want? How can you organize your project? What multimedia elements (text, sounds, and visuals) will best deliver your message? Do you already have content material with which you can leverage your project, such as old videotapes or video files, music, documents, photographs, logos, advertisements, marketing packages, and other artwork? Will interactivity be required? Is your idea derived from an existing theme that can be enhanced with multimedia, or will you create something totally new? What hardware is available for development of your project? Is it enough? How much storage space do you have? How much do you need? What multimedia software is available to you? 2. Prepare the checklist for task planning. 
3. Explain the four fundamental organizing structures for navigation used in a multimedia project. Linear Users navigate sequentially, from one frame or bite of information to another. Hierarchical Also called “linear with branching,” since users navigate along the branches of a tree structure that is shaped by the natural logic of the content. Nonlinear Users navigate freely through the content of the project, unbound by predetermined routes. Composite Users may navigate freely (nonlinearly) but are occasionally constrained to linear presentations of movies or critical information and/or to data that is most logically organized in a hierarchy. Long Answer Questions 1. Determine the scope of a multimedia project. x 2. Recognize common obstacles to the successful completion of multimedia project. x 3. Describe various strategies for creating an interactive multimedia. The best products are often the result of continuing feedback and modifications implemented throughout the production process. However, too much feedback and too many changes can kill a project; always balance proposed changes against their cost. You can either describe the project in great detail before the production, or you can use rough storyboards and refine the design as you produce it. If the design team is separate from the development team , it's best to produce a detailed design first Declaration: The question bank comply all the probable questions containing each chapter in the textbook. It gives just the idea about the format, pattern, and layout of the questions and does not guarantee the scope of exams.
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