A- (3) prefix meaning "not," from Gk a-, an- "not," from pie base *ne "not" (see un-)

Sardinia --- large island adjacent to Corsica, from L., from Gk. Sardo. The oblique cases are sometimes Sardonos, etc., as if from *Sardon.

sardonic --- 1638, from Fr. sardonique (16c.), from L. sardonius (but as if from L. *sardonicus) in Sardonius risus, loan-translation of Gk. sardonios (gelos) "of bitter or scornful (laughter)," altered from Homeric sardanios (of uncertain origin) by influence of Sardonios "Sardinian," because the Greeks believed that eating a certain plant they called sardonion (lit. "plant from Sardinia," see Sardinia) caused facial convulsions resembling those of sardonic laughter, usually followed by death. For nuances of usage, see humor.

sargasso --- seaweed, 1598, from Port. sargasso "seaweed," perhaps from sarga, a type of grape (on this theory, the sea plant was so called from its berry-like air sacs), or from L. sargus, a kind of fish found in the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic, from Gk. sargos.

sari --- long, wrapping garment worn by Hindu women, 1785, from Hindi sari, from Prakrit sadi, from Skt. sati "garment, petticoat."

Sarin --- type of odorless nerve gas, 1951, from Ger., of unknown origin. Other phosphorous compounds known in Germany by the end of World War II are called tabun and soman.

sark --- shirt, late O.E. serc, surviving as a Scottish and northern dialect word, from O.N. serkr, cognate with O.E. serk (see berserk). Cf. also Lith. sarkas "shirt," O.C.S. sraka "tunic," Rus. sorocka, Finn. sarkki "shirt," which are perhaps from Gmc.

sarong --- skirt-like garment, the Malay national garment, 1834, from Malay sarung "sheath, covering."

sarsen --- large sandstone boulder, 1644, prop. sarsen stone, i.e. Saracen stone, from Saracen (q.v.) in the old sense of "pagan, heathen."

sarsparilla --- tropical American plant, 1577, from Sp. zarzaparrilla, from zarza "bramble" (from Arabic sharas "thorny plant" or Basque sartzia "bramble") + parrilla, dim. of parra "vine," of unknown origin. In 16c.-17c. the dried roots were held to be efficient in treatment of syphilis.

sartorial --- pertaining to a tailor, 1823, from Mod.L. sartorius, from L.L. sartor "tailor," lit. "patcher, mender," from L. sart-, pp. stem of sarcire "to patch, mend." Sartorius as the name of the long leg muscle is because it is used in crossing the legs to bring them into the position needed to sit like a tailor.

sash (1) --- strip of cloth, 1599, "strip of cloth twisted into a turban," from Arabic shash "muslin cloth." Meaning "strip of cloth worn about the waist or over the shoulder" first recorded 1681.

sash (2) --- window frame, 1681, sashes, from Fr. châssis "frame" of a window or door (see chassis). French word taken as a plural and -s trimmed off by 1704.

sashay (v.) --- 1836, from mangled Anglicization of Fr. chassé "gliding step" (in square dancing), lit. "chased," pp. of chasser "to chase," from O.Fr. chacier "to hunt," from V.L. *captiare (see capable, and cf. chase, catch). The noun is attested from 1900.

sashimi --- thin slices of raw fish, 1880, from Japanese, from sashi "pierce" + mi "flesh."

sasquatch --- 1929, from Halkomelem (Salish), a native language of the Pacific Northwest, sæsq'ec, one of a race of huge, hairy man-monsters supposed to inhabit the Pacific northwest woods in Amer.Indian lore and also known as bigfoot.

sassafras --- small flowering tree of N.America, 1577, from Sp. sasafras, perhaps an adaptation of saxifraga "saxifrage," from L.L. saxifragia, variant of saxifraga (see saxifrage). But the connection of the plants is difficult to explain, and the word perhaps represents a lost Native Amer. name that sounded like Sp. saxifraga and was altered to conform to it. Tree supposedly discovered by the Spanish in 1528.

Sassanid --- dynasty that ruled the Persian Empire 211-651 C.E., 1776, from M.L. Sassanidæ (pl.), from Sasan, grandfather of Ardashir I, who founded the dynasty.

Sassenach --- Gaelic for "English person," 1771, Sassenaugh, lit. "Saxon," from L. Saxones, from a Gmc. source (cf. O.E. Seaxe "the Saxons"). The modern form of the word was established c.1814 by Sir Walter Scott, from Scot. Sasunnoch, Ir. Sasanach, Welsh Seisnig.

sassy --- 1833, Amer.Eng., alteration of saucy (see sauce). Back-formation sass "impudence" is first attested 1835; the verb is first recorded 1856.

SAT --- 1961, acronym for Scholastic Aptitude Test.

Satan --- proper name of the supreme evil spirit in Christianity, O.E. Satan, from L.L. Satan (in Vulgate, in O.T. only), from Gk. Satanas, from Heb. satan "adversary, one who plots against another," from satan "to show enmity to, oppose, plot against," from root s-t-n "one who opposes, obstructs, or acts as an adversary." In Septuagint (Gk.) usually translated as diabolos "slanderer," lit. "one who throws (something) across" the path of another (see devil), though epiboulos "plotter" is used once.

satchel --- small bag, c.1340, from O.Fr. sachel, from L.L. saccellum "money bag, purse," dim. of L. sacculus, dim. of saccus "bag" (see sack (n.1)).

sate --- to satisfy, surfeit, 1602, alteration (by infl. of L. satiare "satiate") of M.E. saden "become satiated," from O.E. sadian "to satiate," from W.Gmc. *sathojanan, from the same root as sad (q.v.).

sateen --- glossy cloth resembling satin, 1878, variant of satin (q.v.), perhaps influenced by velveteen (q.v.), where the ending is a variant of -ine.

satellite --- 1548, "follower or attendant of a superior person," from M.Fr. satellite (14c.), from L. satellitem (nom. satelles) "attendant," perhaps from Etruscan satnal (Klein), or a compound of roots *satro- "full, enough" + *leit- "to go" (Tucker); cf. Eng. follow, which is constructed of similar roots. Meaning "planet that revolves about a larger one" first attested 1665, in reference to the moons of Jupiter, from L. satellites, which was used in this sense 1611 by Ger. astronomer Johannes Kepler (1571-1630). Galileo, who had discovered them, called them Sidera Medicæa in honor of the Medici family. Meaning "man-made machinery orbiting the Earth" first recorded 1936 as theory, 1957 as fact. Meaning "country dependent and subservient to another" is recorded from 1800.

satiate (v.) --- c.1440 (implied in pp. adj. satiate), from L. satiatus, pp. of satiare "fill full, satisfy," from satis "enough," from PIE base *sa- "to satisfy" (cf. Goth. saþs "satiated," O.E. sæd "satisfied;" see sad).

satin --- 1369, from O.Fr. satin (14c.), perhaps from Arabic (atlas) zaytuni, lit. "(satin) from Zaitun," a Chinese city, perhaps modern Tsinkiang in Fukien province, southern China, which was a port in the Middle Ages. The form of the word perhaps influenced in Fr. by L. seta "silk." OED finds the Arabic connection etymologically untenable and takes the Fr. word straight from Latin.

satire --- 1387 (implied in satiric), "work intended to ridicule vice or folly," from L. satira "satire, poetic medley," earlier satura, in lanx satura "mixed dish, dish filled with various kinds of fruit," lit. "full dish," from fem. of satur "sated" (see saturate). First applied in literary sense to a collection of poems on a variety of subjects by Ennius. In classical L., a poem which assailed the prevailing vices, one after another. Altered in L. by infl. of Gk. satyr, on mistaken notion that the form is related to the Gk. satyr drama (see satyr).

satisfaction --- c.1300, "performance of an act set forth by a priest or other Church authority to atone for sin," from L. satisfactionem (nom. satisfactio) "a satisfying of a creditor," from satisfacere (see satisfy). Sense of "contentment" first recorded 1382; not common before 16c. Satisfactory is attested from 1547, from L.L. satisfactorius, from L. satisfactus, pp. of satisfacere.

satisfy --- c.1430, from M.Fr. satisfier, from O.Fr. satisfaire, from L. satisfacere "discharge fully, comply with, make amends," lit. "do enough," from satis "enough" (from PIE base *sa- "to satisfy;" see sad) + facere "perform" (see factitious).

satrap --- c.1380, "governor of a province of ancient Persia," from L. satrapes, from Gk. satrapes, from O.Pers. kshathrapavan-, lit. "guardian of the realm," from kshathra- "realm, province" (related to kshayathiya- "king," cognate with Skt. kshatra; cf. shah) + pavan- "guardian," from pa- "to protect."

sattva --- truth (in Hindu philosophy), from Skt. sattvah "truth," lit. "being," cognate with Goth. sunjis, O.E. soð "true" (see sooth).

saturate (v.) --- 1538, "to satisfy, satiate," from L. saturatus, pp. of saturare "to fill full, sate, drench," from satur "sated, full," from PIE base *sa- "to satisfy" (see sad). Meaning "soak thoroughly" first recorded 1756. Marketing sense first recorded 1958. Saturation bombing first recorded 1942, in ref. to Allied air raid on Cologne.

Saturday --- O.E. Sæterdæg, Sæternesdæg, lit. "day of the planet Saturn," from Sæternes (gen. of Sætern, see Saturn) + O.E. dæg "day." Partial loan-translation of L. Saturni dies "Saturn's day" (cf. Du. zaterdag, O.Fris. saterdi, M.L.G. satersdach; Ir. dia Sathuirn, Welsh dydd Sadwrn). The L. word is itself a loan-translation of Gk. kronou hemera, lit. "the day of Cronus." Unlike other day names, no god substitution seems to have been attempted, perhaps because the northern European pantheon lacks a clear corresponding figure to Roman Saturn. An ancient Nordic custom, however, seems to be preserved in O.N. laugardagr, Dan. lørdag, Swed. lördag "Saturday," lit. "bath day" (cf. O.N. laug "bath"). Ger. Samstag (O.H.G. sambaztag) appears to be from a Gk. *sambaton, a nasalized colloquial form of sabbaton "sabbath," also attested in O.C.S. sabota, Rus. subbota, Fr. samedi. Saturday night has been famous for "drunkenness and looseness in relations between the young men and young women" since at least mid-19c. Saturday-night special "cheap, low-caliber handgun" is Amer.Eng., attested from 1976 (earlier Saturday-night pistol, 1929).

Saturn --- O.E. Sætern "Italic god," also "most remote planet" (then known), from L. Saturnus, Italic god of agriculture, possibly from Etruscan. Derivation from L. serere (pp. satus) "to sow" is said to be folk-etymology. Identified with Gk. Kronos, father of Zeus. Also the alchemical name for lead (c.1386). In Akkadian, the planet was kaiamanu, lit. "constant, enduring," hence Heb. kiyyun, Arabic and Pers. kaiwan "Saturn."

saturnalia --- time of merrymaking, 1591, from L. Saturnalia, ancient Roman festival of Saturn (held in December), a time of merrymaking for all, from neut. pl. of adj. Saturnalis "pertaining to Saturn," from Saturnus (see Saturn). The extended sense of "period of unrestrained revelry" is first attested 1782.

saturnine --- gloomy, morose, sluggish, grave, 1433, lit. "born under the influence of the planet Saturn," from M.E. Saturne (see Saturn). Medieval physiology believed these characteristics to be caused by the astrological influence of the planet Saturn, which was the most remote from the Sun (in the limited knowledge of the times) and thus coldest and slowest in its revolution.

satyagraha --- Indian form of passive resistance, 1920, in writings of M.K. Gandhi, from Skt. satyagraha "insistence on truth," from satya "truth" + agraha "pertinacity."

satyr --- woodland deity, companion of Bacchus, c.1374, from L. satyrus, from Gk. satyros, of unknown origin. In pre-Roman Gk. art, a man-like being with the tail and ears of a horse; the modern conception of a being part man, part goat, is from Roman sculptors, who seem to have assimilated them to the fauns of native mythology. In some Eng. bibles used curiously to translate Heb. se'irim, a type of hairy monster superstitiously believed to inhabit deserts.

sauce --- 1350, from O.Fr. sauce, sausse, from noun use of L. salsa, fem. sing. or neut. pl. of salsus "salted," from pp. of Old L. sallere "to salt," from sal (gen. salis) "salt" (see salt). Meaning "something which adds piquancy to words or actions" is recorded from c.1500; sense of "impertinence" first recorded 1835 (see saucy, and cf. sass). Slang meaning "liquor" first attested 1940. Colloquial saucebox "one addicted to making saucy remarks" is from 1588.

saucer --- 1343, from O.Fr. saucier "sauce dish," from L.L. salsarium, neut. of salsarius "of or for salted things," from L. salsus (see sauce). Meaning "small, round, shallow vessel for supporting a cup" is attested from c.1702.

saucy --- 1508, "resembling sauce," later "impertinent, cheeky" (1530), from sauce (q.v.). The connecting notion is the fig. sense of "piquancy in words or actions." Cf. sauce malapert "impertinence" (1529), and slang phrase to have eaten sauce "be abusive" (1526). Also cf. salty in same senses.

Saudi --- from Sa'ud, family name of the rulers of Nejd from 18c. and of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia since 1932.

sauerkraut --- 1617, from Ger. Sauerkraut, lit. "sour cabbage," from sauer "sour" + Kraut "vegetable, cabbage," from O.H.G. krut, from P.Gmc. *kruthan.

Sauk --- midwestern U.S. Indian tribe, 1722, from Fr. Canadian Saki, from Ojibwa ozaagii (cf. Sauk asakiwa "person of the outlet").

Saul --- masc. proper name, Biblical first king of Israel, from L. Saul, from Heb. Shaul, lit. "asked for," passive part. of sha'al "he asked for."

sault --- waterfall or rapid, 1600, from colonial Fr. sault, 17c. spelling of saut "to leap," from L. saltus, from salire "to leap" (see salient).

sauna --- 1881, from Finnish sauna.

saunter (v.) --- c.1475, santren "to muse, be in reverie," of uncertain origin. Meaning "walk with a leisurely gait" is from 1667, and may be a different word entirely. Some suggest this word derives via Anglo-Fr. sauntrer (1338) from Fr. s'aventurer "to take risks," but OED finds this "unlikely." The noun meaning "a leisurely stroll" is recorded from 1828.

saurian --- reptile of the order Sauria, 1807, from Mod.L. sauria "the order of reptiles," from Gk. sauros "lizard," probably related to saulos "twisting, wavering." Sauropod is 1891, from Mod.L. sauropoda (O.C. Marsh, 1884), second element from Gk. pous "foot" (see foot).

sausage --- c.1450, sawsyge, from O.N.Fr. saussiche (fr. saucisse), from V.L. *salsica "sausage," from salsicus "seasoned with salt," from L. salsus "salted" (see sauce).

sauté --- 1813, from Fr. sauté, lit. "jumped, bounced" (in reference to tossing while cooking), pp. of sauter "to jump," from L. saltare "to hop, dance," freq. of salire "to leap" (see salient).

savage (adj.) --- c.1300, "wild, undomesticated, untamed" (of animals and places), from O.Fr. sauvage, salvage "wild, savage, untamed," from L.L. salvaticus, alteration of silvaticus "wild," lit. "of the woods," from silva "forest, grove." Of persons, the meaning "reckless, ungovernable" is attested from c.1400l earlier in sense "indomitable, valiant" (c.1300). Implications of ferocity are attested from 1579, earlier of animals (1407). The noun meaning "wild person" is from 1588; the verb meaning "to tear with the teeth, maul" is from 1880.

savannah --- treeless plain, 1555, from Sp. sabana, earlier zavana "treeless plain," from Taino (Arawakan) zabana. In U.S. use, "a tract of low-lying marshy ground" (1671).

savant --- 1719, from Fr. savant "a learned man," noun use of adj. savant "learned, knowing," former prp. of savoir "to know," from O.Fr., from V.L. *sapere, from L. sapere "be wise" (see sapient).

savate --- Fr. method of fighting with the feet, 1862, from Fr., lit. "a kind of shoe" (see sabotage).

save (n.) --- in the sports sense of "act of preventing opponent from scoring," 1890, from save (v.).

save (prep.) --- c.1300, from safe (q.v.), paralleling evolution in O.Fr. sauf "safe," prepositional use of the adj., in phrases such as saulve l'honneur "save (our) honor."

save (v.) --- c.1225, "to deliver (one's soul) from sin and its consequences;" c.1250, "to deliver or rescue from peril," from O.Fr. sauver, from L.L. salvare "make safe, secure," from L. salvus "safe" (see safe (adj.)). Meaning "store up, to keep instead of spending" is attested from 1362; savings "money hoarded up" is from 1737; savings bank is 1817 (S & L for savings and loan attested from 1951). Save face (1898) first was used among the British community in China and is said to be from Chinese; it has not been found in Chinese, but tiu lien "to lose face" does occur. To not (do something) to save one's life is recorded from 1848. Phrase saved by the bell (1932) is from boxing.

savior --- c.1300, "one who delivers or rescues from peril," also a title of Jesus Christ, from O.Fr. sauveour, from L.L. salvatorem (nom. salvator) "a saver, preserver" (cf. Sp. salvador, It. salvatore), from salvatus, pp. of salvare "to save" (see save (v.)). In Christian sense, translation of Gk. soter "savior." Replaced O.E. hælend "healer."

savoir faire --- 1815, from Fr., lit. "to know (how) to do," from savoir "to know" (from L. sapere; see sapient) + faire (from L. facere; see factitious). Instinctive knowledge of the right course of action in any circumstance. Fr. also has savoir vivre "ability in good society; knowledge of customs in the world."

Savonarola --- in ref. to Girolamo Savonarola (1452-98), Dominican monk famous for his fierce opposition to moral license and Church corruption.

savor --- c.1225, from O.Fr. savour, from L. saporem (nom. sapor) "taste, flavor," related to sapere "to have a flavor" (see sapient). The verb (c.1300) is from O.Fr. savourer, from L.L. saporare, from L. sapor.

savory (adj.) --- pleasing in taste or smell, c.1225, from O.Fr. savoure (Fr. savoré), pp. of savourer "to taste" (see savor).

savory (n.) --- aromatic mint, c.1387, perhaps an alteration of O.E. sæþerie, which is ult. from L. satureia "savory (n.)." But early history of the word suggests transmission via O.Fr. savereie. In either case, the form of the word probably altered by infl. of either the M.E. or O.Fr. form of savory (adj.).

savvy --- 1785, as a noun, "practical sense, intelligence;" also a verb, "to know, to understand;" W. Indies pidgin borrowing of Fr. savez(-vous)? "do you know?" or Sp. sabe (usted) "you know," both from V.L. *sapere, from L. sapere "be wise, be knowing" (see sapient). The adj. is first recorded 1905, from the noun.

saw (1) --- cutting tool, O.E. sagu, from P.Gmc. *sago "a cutting tool" (cf. O.E. seax "knife," O.N. sõg, Norw. sag, Dan. sav, M.Du. saghe, Du. zaag, O.H.G. saga, Ger. Säge "saw"), from PIE base *sak-/*sek- "to cut" (cf. L. secare "to cut," Rus. sech' "to cut;" see section). The verb is attested from c.1225; strong conjugation began 15c. on model of draw, etc. Sawbones "surgeon" is 1837 slang; sawdust is 1530; sawhorse recorded from 1778; sawfish first attested 1664. The personal name Sawyer is attested from c.1248 (cf. lawyer). Sawed-off "short, cut short" is attested 1887 of persons, 1898 of shotguns.

saw (2) --- proverb, O.E. sagu "saying, discourse, speech," from P.Gmc. *saga-, *sagon- (cf. M.L.G., M.Du. sage, zage, Ger. sage "legend, fable, saga, myth, tradition," O.N. saga "story, tale, saga") from the root of O.E. secgan "say" (see say).

sawbuck --- ten-dollar bill, Amer.Eng. slang, 1850, from resemblance of X (Roman numeral 10) to the ends of a sawhorse. Sawbuck in the sense of "sawhorse" only is attested from 1862 but presumably is older.

saxifrage --- 1373, from O.Fr. saxifrage (13c.), from L.L. saxifraga "kind of herb," from L. saxifraga herba, lit. "a rock-breaking herb," from saxifragus "stonebreaking," from saxum "stone, rock" + frag-, root of frangere "to break" (see fraction). Pliny says the plant was so called because it was given to dissolve gallstones, but a more likely explanation is that it was so called because it grows in crevices in rocks. (Latin used two different words for "stone" and "gallstone" -- saxum and calculus).

Saxon --- 1297, from L.L. Saxonem (nom. Saxo), usually found in pl. Saxones, from P.Gmc. *sakhsan (cf. O.E. Seaxe, O.H.G. Sahsun, Ger. Sachse "Saxon"), with a possible literal sense of "swordsmen" (cf. O.E. seax, O.Fris., O.N. sax "knife, short sword, dagger," perhaps ult. from PIE root of saw (1)). The word figures in the well-known story, related by Geoffrey of Monmouth, who got it from Nennius, of the treacherous slaughter by the Anglo-Saxons of their British hosts:

saxophone --- 1851, from Fr. saxophone, named for Antoine Joseph "Adolphe" Sax (1814-1894), Belgian instrument maker who devised it c.1840 + Gk. -phonos "voiced, sounding." Shortened form sax is from 1923. His father, Charles Joseph (1791-1865) invented the less popular saxhorn (1845).

say (n.) --- what someone says, 1571, from say (v.). Extended form say-so is first recorded 1637. Saying "utterance, recitation, act of the verb 'say' " is recorded from c.1300; meaning "something that has been said" (usually by someone thought important) is from c.1303; sense of "a proverb" is first attested c.1450.

say (v.) --- O.E. secgan "to utter, say," from P.Gmc. *sagjanan (cf. O.S. seggian, O.N. segja, O.Fris. sedsa, M.Du. segghen, Du. zeggen, O.H.G. sagen, Ger. sagen "to say"), from PIE *sokei-, probably from base *seq- "point out" (cf. Hitt. shakiya- "to declare," Lith. sakyti "to say," O.C.S. sociti "to vindicate, show," O.Ir. insce "speech," O.Latin inseque "to tell say"). Past tense said developed from O.E. segde. Not attested in use with inanimate objects (clocks, signs, etc.) as subjects before 1930. You said it "you're right" first recorded 1919; you can say that again as a phrase expressing agreement is recorded from 1942, Amer.Eng. You don't say (so) as an expression of astonishment (often ironic) is first recorded 1779, Amer.Eng.

sayonara --- farewell, good-bye 1875, from Japanese, lit. "if it is to be that way," from sayo "that way," + nara "if."

sayyid --- Muslim title of honor, applied to descendants of Hussein, Muhammad's grandson, 1788, from Arabic sayyid, lit. "lord, chief."

sbirro --- It. policeman, 1668, from It., "police officer" (pl. sbirri), from L.L. birrus "red," from Gk. pyrros "red," lit. "fire-colored," from pyr "fire" (see fire).

scab --- c.1250, "skin disease," developed from O.E. sceabb "scab, itch" (related to scafan "to scratch") and from O.N. skabb "scab, itch," both from P.Gmc. *skab- "scratch, shave" (related to shabby). Sense reinforced by cognate L. scabies "scab, itch, mange" (from scabere "to scratch;" see scabies). Meaning "crust which forms over a wound or sore" is first attested c.1400. Meaning "strikebreaker" first recorded 1806, from earlier sense of "person who refuses to join a trade union" (1777), probably from meaning "despicable person" (1590), possibly borrowed in this sense from M.Du.

scabbard --- 1297, from Anglo-Fr. *escauberc "sheath, vagina" (13c.), probably from Frank. *skar "blade" (cf. O.H.G. scar "scissors, blade, sword") + *berg- "protect" (cf. O.H.G. bergan "to protect").

scabies --- skin disease, c.1400, from L. scabies "mange, itch," from scabere "to scratch," from PIE base *skab- "to scrape, scratch" (cf. Goth. scaban, O.E. sceafan "to scrape, shave;" O.C.S. skobli "scraper;" Lith. skabus "sharp," skabeti "to cut;" Lettish skabrs "splintery, sharp").

scabrous --- 1572 (implied in scabrously), from L.L. scabrosus "rough," from L. scaber "rough, scaly," related to scabere "to scratch, scrape" (see scabies). Sense in Eng. evolved from "harsh, unmusical," to "vulgar" (1881), "squalid" (1939) and "nasty, repulsive" (c.1951).

scads --- large amounts, 1869, Amer.Eng., earlier "dollar" (1858, usually in plural), of uncertain origin. Unknown connection to scad (1602), a Cornish name for a type of fish abundant on the British coast, which probably is a variant of shad (q.v.).

scaffold --- c.1347 (implied in scaffolding), aphetic of an O.N.Fr. variant of O.Fr. eschafaut "scaffold," probably altered (by influence of eschace "a prop, support") from chaffaut, from V.L. *catafalicum (see catafalque).

scag --- heroin, 1967, earlier "cigarette stub" (1915), of unknown origin.