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The Nominal Group Technique (NGT)
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| The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) NGT is a process of bringing people together as a group to solve a problem. NGT actually combines both verbal and nonverbal stages. Basically, NGT is a structured group meeting that proceeds as follows a) A group of 7 to 10 individuals sit around a table but do not speak to one another. Talking to each other is not permitted during the first stage of NGT. Rather, each person writes ideas on a notepad about the problem to be solved. b) After five minutes, a structured sharing of ideas takes place. Each person presents one idea. A person designated as recorder writes the ideas down on a flip chart in full view of the entire group. This continues until all the participants indicate that they have no further ideas to share. There is still no discussion. c) The output of this phase is usually a list of 18 to 25 ideas. The next phase involves structured discussion in which each idea receives attention before a vote is taken. d) In the next stage, independent voting, each participant privately selects priorities by ranking or voting. The group decis1on is the mathematically pooled outcome of the individual votes. Both the Delphi technique and NGT have excellent records of successes. There are two basic differences between them a) In the Delphi process, all communication between participants is byway of written questionnaires and feedback communication is direct between participants. b) NGT participants meet face-to-face around a table, while Delphi participants are physically distant, never meet tace-to-1ace, and are typically anonymous to one another. Practical considerations, of course, often influence which technique is used. These considerations can include a) the number of working hours available b) costs, and c) participants and physical proximity. Marginal Analysis Marginal analysis is a technique that can be used to evaluate alternatives by comparing the additional revenues and additional costs as output increases. The technique is useful where the objective is to maximise profit, or to find the best output of a machine. The idea of marginal analysis is based on the simple economic postulation that profit 132 is maximized where marginal revenue (additional revenue) is equal to marginal cost (additional cost. Hence in evaluating alternatives, the decision maker seeks to find the point where the additional revenue is equal to the additional output. Download 3.37 Mb. Share with your friends:
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