OPF Formulation
Current mismatch equations are chosen as equality constraints. In this formulation, bus voltages and generator current injections are taken as state variables. For the ith bus, the current mismatch equation is given by
 (2)
where  and  are the complex current injection of generators and the complex power injection of loads at the ith bus, respectively,  is the (i, k)th element in the constant nodal admittance matrix of the original network shown in Fig. 1 (b),  is the sum of the complex current injections induced by all the controllable devices related to the ith bus.
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