Allophones of the English phonemes 1 Allophones of /p



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4. Place of articulation


The [ant] 'anterior' and [cor] 'coronal' features, in combination with [high] and [back] (see 3. above) and [sibilant] (see 2. above) do most of the job of consonantal place classification. For example, for fricatives:

 

 

ɸ

f

θ

s

ʂ

ʃ

ç

x

χ

h

ʍ

 

ant

+

+

+

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

cor

-

-

+

+

+

+

+

-

-

-

-

 

labial

+

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

 

high

-

-

-

-

-

+

+

+

-

-

+

 

back

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

+

-

+

 

sibilant

-

-

-

+

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

 

distr

+

-

+/-

-

-

+

+

+

+

+

+

([ʍ] is a labial-velar fricative: the fricative equivalent of [w]).

Note that, by having abandoned [strident] (or replaced it with [sibilant]), we leave ourselves the problem of how to differentiate [ɸ] from [f]. Halle & Clements also define a feature [distr] (distributed) that they say can be used, amongst other things, to distinguish bilabial [+distr] and labiodental [-distr] sounds (nb. [θ] is [+distr] if it is lamino-dental, or [-distr] if it is apico-dental).




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