Anthropic Bias Observation Selection Effects in Science and Philosophy Nick Bostrom



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Blackbeards & Whitebeards), and yet the later observer-moments in e.g. the Adam & Eve gedanken are taken to be applying a different rule than the early observer-moments (since the later ones are, after all, in no uncertainty at all about the outcome of the carnal embrace and may thus not be applying any non-trivial rule of anthropic reasoning to the problem at hand), then this meta-principle may be able to give the results we want. In order to move forward with this idea, however, we would need to have good criteria for determining which observer-moments should be said to be applying the same rule, and rule-following is notoriously a tricky concept to explicate.

92 To see this, consider the worlds over which the sums range in ($): these worlds all have at least one observer-moment in and are such that h+ (or h-) is true in them; and appears in the sum once for every such world. In the second inequality ($$), the sum again includes only terms corresponding to worlds that have at least one observer-moment in and are such that

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