Anto Janković Podgorica, February 2012
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- 3.8 financial stability (any capital)
- 3.9 personnel: number of employees volunteers, members
- 3.10 headquarters: office, private apartment ECT.
- 3.12 Public Image
3.7 main source of incomeAccording to “Annual financial Reports of CSOs in Montenegro - 2010”42, revenues from domestic sources, primarily government sources of financing, come to a total amount of 1,432,862.94 euros. According to the data, non-governmental organizations in 2010 received funds from 41 local donors (legal persons). From foreign sources in 2010 NGOs have provided 3,952,345.76 euros. According to the data, nongovernmental organizations in 2010 received funds from 64 foreign donors. The main objective of FAKT is to contribute to positive social change and building a civil society, encouraging the citizens of Montenegro to participate actively and responsibly in the life of their communities and societies, and manage change in the community for the common good. In addition to the main objective, FAKT has the following objectives: 1) to strengthen communities by supporting initiatives that encourage the citizens of local communities and are directed towards satisfying its basic needs; 2) encourage young people to become actively involved in social change; 3) to promote public dialogue on matters of public interest; 4) to promote a culture of philanthropy and giving; 5) to promote values of the civil society. According to available information, in 2010, a total of 4,100,000.00 EUR was allocated for NGOs from the national budget. From this amount, on the national level, the largest part comes from the revenues from games of chance (1,556,547.00 EUR), second largest from the funds of the Ministry of Culture (1.009.272,00 EUR), next largest share from the funds of Ministries and other bodies (811,719.35 EUR), then from the Fund for Minorities (491,037.00 EUR) and the least amount from the Commission for allocation of funds to NGOs of the Parliament of Montenegro (230,000 EUR)43. Fund for Active Citizenship (fAKT)44, as the only indigenous foundation in the country from February 2008 until September 2011 FAKT contributed a total of 733,201 EUR to ninety-six small-scale CSO projects in Social Transition and Civic Action programme. Main sources of income of fAKT come from - Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, Rockefeller Brothers Fund and Cooperating Netherlands Foundations for Central and Eastern Europe (CNF CEE) – primary from Skann foundation. EU support for civil society is primarily provided through the Civil Society Facility established to make use of IPA (Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance) funds available for the support of institution building and cross-border cooperation (components I and II respectively). In the first call for project proposals under IPA CBC B&H-MNE seven non-governmental organizations received a financial support for their projects in the amount of 427,000 EUR. Second call for proposals was lunched during 2011 with the amount of 1,080,000.00 EUR for Montenegro. Through the first call under the program of Cross Border Cooperation Croatia - Montenegro, one NGO from Montenegro has received funding in the amount of slightly over 200,000 EUR. Through the first call under the program of Cross Border Cooperation Serbia - Montenegro, four NGOs from Montenegro conduct projects amounting to slightly less than 220,000 EUR. Through the first call under the program of Cross Border Cooperation Albania- Montenegro, five NGOs from Montenegro conduct projects amounting to slightly less than 350,000 EUR. Within the framework of the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights Programme (EIDHR), Montenegro was allocated in total €600,000 for 2008 & 2009 and € 300,000 for EIDHR 2010. Through the first call for proposals under the EIDHR 2008 & 2009 programme, 9 projects were selected for funding (amounting to some € 707,000). Through the call for proposals under the EIDHR 2010 programme, 4 NGOs received the funding amounting to around € 450,000. In 2011 the EU Delegation to Montenegro allocated 280.000 EUR for re-granting in order to reach smaller, undeveloped CSOs. Two grants have been awarded to: Fund for Active Citizenship and Center for development of NGOs. Through sub grants whose value is up to 10.000 euros, more than 70% of the amount will be available to CSOs with annual income under 10.000 euro (more than 70% of supported CSOs have to be outside Podgorica). 3.8 financial stability (any capital)Financial sustainability of NGOs, especially when it comes to public sources of funding remains an open question. The survival of mandatory budgetary revenue from games of chance and defining the percentage of the contribution for NGOs from the annual budget are the two issues of strategic importance for the stability of state support to NGOs. Regarding the support of the EU, it is necessary to open a dialogue about the possibilities of redesigning support programs in a manner that would strengthen the partnership of larger and smaller NGOs and open wider opportunities for smaller NGOs to use EU funds. Poor communication and cooperation between NGOs and insufficient access to information and support for organizations in rural areas, particularly in the north, appear to be deep-rooted problems with cultural, geographical and technological causes which are impacting negatively on the sustainability and effectiveness of the sector. There are rather rare cases that NGO achieved financial sustainability from its own sources of income. Also, a small number of NGOs achieved to realize financial stability for periods longer than 12 months (though programs that are financed for periods longer than a year).
According to TACSO “Needs Assessment report for 2011” , in average, Montenegrin CSOs officially employ two persons. At the national level, there is a core of well-established, organizationally mature NGOs engaged mainly in provision of social services, advocacy, research, monitoring and capacity building in fields such as vulnerability, environment, fight against corruption, public administration, poverty reduction and human rights. This small number of fully professionalized organizations is totally opposite to a grater majority of NGOs that work and can be defined as weak, fully voluntary based or semi-professional CSOs.
3.11 Infrastructure are there any sustainable national support structures for NGOs, like NGOs incubators, advice bureau, etc.There is specialized NGO support to organizations operating in Montenegro it is provided by few NGOs in the country. Fund for active citizenship – fAKT45, as the only indigenous private donor in the country, provides technical support (consultations, trainings, advisory) through its grant-making programs. Center for development of NGOs - CRNVO46 is an organization focused on providing a full range of assistance to CSOs regarding organizational development and individual capacity building, legal advice on founding and managing CSOs, and information on other CSOs, civil society activities, development agencies and donor opportunities. Beside fAKT and CRNVO, a number of smaller NGOs provide organizational support to other NGOs that generally operate in the same field of work.
nongovernmental organizations. 13.8% of them has a “high trust” in them, while 36.7% “mostly trusts” them. “Mostly no trust” in NGOs was an answer of 16.5%, while “no trust at all” was 11,7% and “no opinion” 21.3% of citizens. Cumulatively, 50.5% of them have trust in NGOs. Gallup survey says that the number of those that do have “high” and some trust in “civil society, NGOs” in 2010 was 66.6%, in relation to 69.6% in 2009. At the same time, the number of those that have no trust at all was reduced from 8.4% in 2009 to 6.7% in 2010. When compared with other countries in the region, the trust in civil society is significantly higher than in other countries, with the exception of Kosovo47. Main factor that contributes to generally positive attitude of citizens regarding civil society is high interest of local and national media on CSOs activities in the, including national public broadcasting service that recently started changing its attitude towards civil society. Besides, civil society by itself has taken steps in order to enhance its own performance, standards and transparency. 3.13 Funding sources – robustness of the local philanthropic sector, amount of international funding received, major donors, etc.Individual philanthropy and Corporate Social Responsibility are at a low level of development, with a significant space left for improvement of partnerships between CSOs and enterprises. Most of the smaller, less developed NGOs do not know how to approach the business sector with ideas or how to adapt their ideas to appeal to companies, while the business sector finances only those NGOs whose programs align exactly with their specific CSR focus. There is still underdeveloped culture of individual philanthropy and social responsibility of enterprises, especially in the part of cooperation among enterprises and CSOs. World giving index 2010 ranked Montenegro at 138th place (on the scale where index 1 represents the highest score) based on information that 18 % respondents „gave money“, 6% „volunteered time“, and 31% „helped a stranger“. Other sources of funding, in much smaller amounts annually, come from international donors and private foundations such as: USAID - does not have programs designed exclusively for non-governmental organizations any longer, but through Good Governance Activity in Montenegro Programme, implemented by East West Management Institute, it supported in period 2010-2011 projects of 8 non-governmental organizations in the total value of around than 100,000 EUR. Embassies - Some funding for CSOs, in many cases awarded on an ad hoc basis, is available through the embassies of the following countries: Federal Republic of Germany, United Kingdom, USA (Democracy Commission) Canada (Canada Fund), The Netherlands (Matra / KAP programme). OSCE - for also provides support to a small number of CSOs that dealing with issues close to mission of this organization in Montenegro. Regional foundations - Balkan Trust for Democracy, European fund for Balkans and Regional Environmental Fund. Private international foundations - Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, Rockefeller Brothers Fund, and German political foundations: Friedrich Ebert Foundation, Conrad Adenauer Foundation and Heinrich Boll Foundation. 3.14 Funders focused on the civil society of this country/ region geography, in a vertical, on a large project, etc.? (opportunities for synergy, leverage, additional funding)Both Montenegro and the region are loosing interest of many international donors due to current economic crisis and integration process of Balkan countries towards EU. Among funders still dominate political issues, such as corruption and birocracy. Environmental issues are still ofgreat interest of the funders, but many other important issues are not on the table of important foreign donors. On the other hand, local funders (primarly corporate ones) are primarly focused on specific activities linked to their CSR strategies or “feelings”. State funding is widely spread and from 2012 it should cover a wide range of activities. Greatest challenge among the funders is how to provide sinergy and tackle different social issues in a way that might provide greater sustainability of civic sector. Development and promotion of social entrepreneurship might solve this problem by providing additional funding to CSOs, integrating marginalized groups in the society and reducing currently the biggest problem in the world – unemployment and GDP growth. 3
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.15 Influential persons in NGO movement (names and affiliation)
arko Pajović – NGO leader (Green Home), B.Sc. degree in Biology science, Member of the National Council for Sustainable Development of Montenegro, Member of the Commission for Social, Economic and Environmental Policy (CEESP), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Member of the Board for the Energy Efficiency and Environmental Protection (Chamber of Economy of Montenegro), engaged in promoting environmental protection.
nica Maja Boljević – executive director of the Fund for Active Citizenship (fAKT), B.Sc. in English language and literature, engaged in promoting development of local philanthropy and active civic participation in development of local communities in the country.
oris Raonić – NGO leader (Civic Alliance), B.Sc. in Law, engaged in human rights protection and promotion of role of law.
