Ap english 11 Unit 1: The Birth of America Study Guide
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Unit 1: The Birth of America Study Guide American Literature to 1700 Explain the differences between the types of languages spoken in Europe when Columbus sailed in 1492 and the types of languages spoken in North America. Instead of a written alphabet, what did North American people rely on? When did the West actually recognize Native American literature? Why? Why is translating Native American literature such a tough task? What nearly ruined settlement after settlement? What happened to Christopher Columbus in 1500? Why? What country was the first to have an aggressive role in settling America? Why were the other main European powers slower to settle? Who do we credit for the first great mass of early American writings? Instead of writing things down on paper, how did Native Americans “write” and preserve their texts? Most documents sent from America to European powers reveal what kind of intentions? What does this mean? What does the text mean when it says early American writing was also a “literature of witness”? What devastation is it referring to? What is the main difference between Pilgrim and Puritan? Besides religious, what other purpose brought people to America on the Mayflower? What basic beliefs did the Massachusetts Bay settlement and Plymouth share? What is the “Covenant of Grace”? What three sacraments did the Puritans recognize? Which was the most important? Why? Explain the “city on a hill” metaphor. Besides English, what other European languages were active in America? Where in the US does German remain a vital language to this day? Why was printing established in the colonies before England? Who was the most prolific colonial author? What helped make Benjamin Franklin’s fortune as a printer? Native American Literature Iroquois Creation Stories What purpose do creation stories serve for Native Americans? When did people begin transcribing and translating creation stories? Who was David Cusick? What tribes made up the Iroquois and where were they located in the US? What was the primary dwelling that they lived in? What was an important element of Iroquois life? Who was Hiawatha? What role did women play in Iroquois culture? Explain the significance of the good and the bad mind in the myth. Coyote Finishes His Work We attribute this myth to what tribe? Where is this tribe located? Who was Chief Joseph? What archetype is used in this myth? The Blackfeet Genesis Where did the Blackfeet name originate? Where is their tribe located? Who is the Old Man in the myth? What does the myth explain? Speech on the Signing of the Treaty of Port Elliot (Chief Seattle) Who was Chief Seattle? What was the purpose of this speech? Why is this speech noteworthy? Who does Seattle blame for the diminishing of his tribe? How will Seattle’s tribe benefit from the surrender? What is Seattle’s opinion of the White Man’s God? What is one condition of the surrender? Why does he say the White Man is never alone? The Way to Rainy Mountain (N. Scott Momaday) How have Native Americans been stereotyped in literature and the other arts? What issue did Momaday campaign for? What three works of Momaday’s broke the standard academic mold? How is The Way to Rainy Mountain not a straightforward narrative? Why did Momaday return to Rainy Mountain? What was occurring in Kiowa history when Momaday’s grandmother was born? What influence did the Crows have on the Kiowa tribe? What does Yellowstone represent to Momaday? Why was the sun so important to the Kiowas? Why did Momaday’s grandmother bear a “vision of deicide”? Landscape, History, and the Pueblo Imagination (Silko) What tribes belong to Silko’s heritage? What does “landscape” mean according to Silko? Why should all things be celebrated, even if they are no longer alive? Why did the ancient Pueblos bury their dead in rooms adjacent to the main living quarters? What happens if the hunters do not respect the animal they are hunting? What is all included in the concept of “landscape”? How did the Pueblos ensure the survival of their stories? During the story telling experience, who was expected to listen and to recount portions of the story? What critical information did these stories describe? What purpose does the story about the herders and the mesa serve to the Pueblos? What does survival come down to, according to Silko? Explorers/ Early Settlers La Relacion (Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca) Where did Cabeza de Vaca’s unusual last name come from? What disasters befell Cabeza de Vaca on his expedition to Florida in 1527? What does La Relacion reveal to readers? Who was the desired audience of La Relacion? What important aspects of Native American culture does Cabeza de Vaca share in this narrative? What is his attitude towards the indigenous people? How long did Cabeza de Vaca’s journey take from Florida to Mexico City? Explain the problems Cabeza de Vaca is dealing with in the beginning of the reading. How do the natives treat the explorers? What are the explorers worried about concerning the natives? Of Plymouth Plantation (William Bradford) What important political document did the Puritans create? What was Bradford’s role in the Massachusetts Bay Colony? How many times was he elected to this office? How do Bradford’s ideas continue to influence our politics and society today? What did Bradford begin writing in 1630? What happened to his manuscript? What happened to Dorothy Bradford? What was ironic about the first man who was thrown overboard? Why did the captain and sailors discuss ending the voyage? How was this issue fixed? How many passengers died on the voyage? What problems did they face when arriving at Cape Cod? What does Bradford say will sustain them in times of trouble? What happened to half of the population in January to February 1620? Who was Myles Standish? Who were Squanto and Samoset? How did they help the settlers? When did the first Thanksgiving occur? A Narrative of the Captivity (Mary Rowlandson) Why were the Wampanoags attacking the settlers? How long was Mary Rowlandson in captivity? What genre is her tale considered? What Puritan perspective does Rowlandson offer? Why did Rowlandson feel sympathy for her captors? How many days did Rowlandson and her daughter go without food? How are the Native Americans threatening her in this section? What sad experience does Rowlandson endure? What is her attitude like during this experience? What present does Rowlandson receive and from whom? How does this item particularly comfort her? How does Rowlandson make money during her captivity? The History of the Dividing Line (William Byrd) Intellectual life in the colonies was split into what two groups? What perspective did Byrd share? What city did Byrd help found? How was Byrd a true Renaissance man? What rhetorical devices does Byrd use in his narrative? What is The Secret History? According to Byrd, why did people want to come to America? Why did the early settlements have issues? Who does Byrd credit with saving the Virginia settlement? What does Byrd suggest that would have prevented problems with the Native Americans? What “three great articles of natural religion” do the natives have? The Interesting Life of Olaudah Equiano What particular part of slavery does Equiano explain in his narrative? How did Equiano affect the anti-slavery movement? Equiano’s narrative is considered to be the first _______________? Why is there doubt about Equiano’s early life? Why is his narrative an important work? How long did the Middle Passage take? Who does Equiano claim he would have traded places with? Why were the man whipped for not eating? Why does Equiano claim that the slaves who died in the ship fell victim to the avarice of the purchasers? What did the sailors do with the remaining fish after they had their fill? What is the “quadrant”? What is the destination of the slave ship? Does Equiano appeal to logos, pathos, or ethos at the end of his narrative? What other rhetorical devices does he use? Here Follow Some Verses upon the Burning of our House, July 10, 1666 (Anne Bradstreet) What was the most important influence on Bradstreet’s life and work? Who is credited for making Bradstreet’s poetry known to the world? What is the title of her poetry collection? What does this mean? What did Bradstreet’s poetry focus on? Bradstreet’s house fire occurred at what general time of day? What aspect of Bradstreet makes it easier to accept this loss? Still, what things make her feel saddened? What thought does she use to console herself? What strong Puritan beliefs are at the heart of this poem? Huswifery (Edward Taylor) What kind of persecution did Puritans suffer in England? When were Taylor’s best poems published? Taylor compares himself, a human being, to what frontier machine? What is Taylor asking God to help him become? Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God (Jonathan Edwards) What religious revival did Edwards help bring about? Why was Edwards dismissed from his pastoral position in 1750? Edwards was known as “The Last ____________________.” Why did Edwards deliver this sermon? What is the only thing preserving sinners from the pits of hell? Who is Edwards’ intended audience? What might his listeners think will preserve the wicked? How does Edwards counter those assumptions? Edwards uses what simile to describe the wrath of God? Edwards compares sinners to what insect? What does Edwards mean by everlasting wrath? What must people do to escape their fate? How does this sermon work, rhetorically speaking? What made/makes it effective? Founding Ideals / Rationalists American Literature 1700-1820 What symbolically marked the passing of Puritanism? What two men mentioned in paragraph one had immense influence on the time period? Why? What accounted for the great diversity of opinion in religious and political life? What was the Atlantic Rim? What was the relationship the American colonies shared with it? What European city’s culture did the colonists try to emulate? Explain the conflict between science and religion as mentioned in the “Enlightenment Ideals” section. What “pamphlet war” occurred during the Great Awakening? What is ironic about Edwards’ death? Under the section “Imperial Politics”, which authors helped light the fire of revolution? Which American author was the first to live on his income produced by publications? What did Crevevouer believe was the biggest distinction between America and Europe? Explain the situations that women, blacks, and Native Americans found themselves in by 1820. Who best exhibits the promise of the Enlightenment? Why? What new covenant did Americans make at the end of the Enlightenment period? Arriving at Perfection (Ben Franklin) How does this essay blend Enlightenment and Puritan ideals? How many virtues does Franklin try to perfect? What is his method of perfection? How long will it take to complete his attempt at perfection? On Ben Franklin’s Virtues ( D.H. Lawrence) What was Lawrence’s controversial final novel? What is Lawrence’s work characterized by? What is Lawrence’s tone throughout the essay, and what is he proposing? Lawrence argues that he is a “moral animal” but not a “virtuous little automaton.” What does he mean? What difference is he referring to? How does the distinction here relate to his larger point? Analyze Lawrence’s descriptions of the thirteen “virtues” he names. What does this list suggest about Lawrence’s personal system of values? Compare Lawrence’s essay with the Franklin essay “Arriving at Perfection” on which it is based. Which one do you agree with more? Which one would be easier to perfect? Speech to the Virginia Convention (Patrick Henry) What was Henry’s profession? What two famous speeches can we credit Henry with? What does a letter opener have to do with Henry’s speech? Explain the significance of this speech in regards to the Revolutionary War. In what way does Henry take an either/or approach to relations with England? What are the sources of two primary allusions? Provide examples of rhetorical questions in the speech. How does Henry utilize repetition? Note the final and famous line of his speech. Who is the king of England at this time? The Crisis, No. 1 (Thomas Paine) What were Paine’s major achievements as a writer? Some other aspects of Paine’s life were not quite as positive. List Paine’s difficulties and scrapes with the law. Paine received very little respect after his death as proven by what incidents? When did Paine write the first of the series of articles called “The Crisis”? Who was one of his early fans? Quote the famous opening line: What does it mean and what does “try” mean as used? What two kinds of people does Paine think will shrink from their duties in times of trouble? What does he mean by this? What, like Hell, is not easily conquered? Since Americans have made every attempt to avoid war, who does Paine think will not give up on them? Paine criticizes a tavern owner who would rather keep peace in his lifetime than fight. Why? Who does Paine accuse of acting like a thief? The Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson What two important things did Jefferson’s father leave him at his father’s death? Name some political offices and positions Jefferson held. How did Jefferson double the size of the US? What was ironic about Jefferson’s death? What is the significance of the underlined words and the words in the margins in this reading passage? What two items of importance did Congress omit from the final draft of the Declaration? Why? When you look at the underlined passages, how does the tone of the document change when those sections are omitted? Now that the colonies declare themselves free and independent states, what do they have the power to now do? What is the purpose of the parallelism in the Declaration? A Vindication on the Rights of Woman by Mary Wollstonecraft What did Wollstonecraft publish in 1790, and what did it defend? Why did people call her a “hyena in petticoats”? How did she die? What is the female image that Wollstonecraft presents in this essay? Wollstonecraft argues here that what in her day was regarded as proper conduct for women allowed men to define them as weak and frivolous. What conduct does she refer to, and what would she substitute in its place? What advice does she have for men? In paragraph 7, Wollstonecraft writes that, although she is encouraging women to become more masculine, “their apparent inferiority with respect to bodily strength must render them, in some degree, dependent on men in the various relations of life.” In the context of her whole argument, what point is she making here? To what extent do you think this attitude still exists today? Why? Would you say that women in the twenty-first century have achieved equality with men? Why or why not? Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions by Elizabeth Cady Stanton What inspired Stanton to promote equality for women? What particular right was Stanton passionate about? Where was Stanton’s Declaration created? How does Stanton’s Declaration follow the logical structure of the Declaration of Independence? What conclusion does Stanton draw in her Declaration? Based on your reading of Stanton’s Declaration, how were women viewed in 1848, when the document was drafted and delivered, and what arguments against Stanton’s position seem to have prevailed at the time? Directory: cms -> lib lib -> Security Survey lib -> 1. naclo 2015 – North American Computational Linguistics Olympiad lib -> 1. naclo 2017 – North American Computational Linguistics Olympiad lib -> Chem I honors Unit 2 Notes: Numbers in Chemistry Measurement lib -> Sanderson High School ap human Geography Summer Assignment 2016 lib -> Find fantastic ousd elementary music programs lib -> American Studies Pacing Calendar 2014-2015 lib -> The ap history Timeline 8000bce-the Present lib -> Absolutism in Europe Download 77.44 Kb. Share with your friends:
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