Appendix 2-5: Rejected ecotox bibliography Excluded
response of Escherichia coli and enterococci to agrochemicals
Download 5.18 Mb.
|
| response of Escherichia coli and enterococci to agrochemicals. Replicate tanks were treated with atrazine, malathion, chlorothalonil and inorganic fertilizer, either alone at 1x or 2x their expected environmental concentrations (EECs) or in pair-wise combinations at their EECs. IOs inoculated in sediment (similar to 104 cfu per 100 ml) were enumerated over 28 days. IOs generally declined over time, but manova revealed that addition of fertilizer and atrazine resulted in significantly greater IO densities. Malathion, chlorothalonil and agrochemical concentration (1x vs 2x) did not significantly affect IO densities and no significant interactions between agrochemicals were noted. The augmentation of IO densities in sediments by fertilizer and atrazine may impact their reliability as accurate predictors of water quality and human health risk, and indicates the need for a better understanding of the fate of IOs and enteric pathogens in sediments exposed to agrochemicals.
Number of Volumes: 12 ISI Document Delivery No.: 689WN 609. ---. Test of Direct and Indirect Effects of Agrochemicals on the Survival of Fecal Indicator Bacteria. 2011; 77, 8765-8774. Rec #: 16010 Keywords: BACTERIA Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: Water bodies often receive agrochemicals and animal waste carrying fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and zoonotic pathogens, but we know little about the effects of agrochemicals on these microbes. We assessed the direct effects of the pesticides atrazine, malathion, and chlorothalonil and inorganic fertilizer on Escherichia coli and enterococcal survival in simplified microcosms held in the dark. E. coli strain composition in sediments and water column were positively correlated, but none of the agrochemicals had significant direct effects on E. coli strain composition or on densities of culturable FIBs. In a companion study, microcosms with nondisinfected pond water and sediments were exposed to or shielded from sunlight to examine the potential indirect effects of atrazine and inorganic fertilizer on E. coli. The herbicide atrazine had no effect on E. coli in dark-exposed microcosms containing natural microbial and algal communities. However, in light-exposed microcosms, atrazine significantly lowered E. coli densities in the water column and significantly increased densities in the sediment compared to controls. This effect appears to be mediated by the effects of atrazine on algae, given that atrazine significantly reduced phytoplankton, which was a positive and negative predictor of E. coli densities in the water column and sediment, respectively. These data suggest that atrazine does not directly affect the survival of FIB, rather that it indirectly alters the distribution and abundance of E. coli by altering phytoplankton and periphyton communities. These results improve our understanding of the influence of agricultural practices on FIB densities in water bodies impacted by agricultural runoff. Number of Volumes: 24 ISI Document Delivery No.: 863JE 610. Staley, Zachery R; Senkbeil, Jacob K; Rohr, Jason R, and Harwood, Valerie J. Lack of Direct Effects of Agrochemicals on Zoonotic Pathogens and Fecal Indicator Bacteria. 2012 Nov; 78, (22): 8146. Rec #: 5570 Keywords: BACTERIA Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: Agrochemicals, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), and pathogens frequently contaminate water simultaneously. No significant direct effects of fertilizer, atrazine, malathion, and chlorothalonil on the survival of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella enterica, human polyomaviruses, and adenovirus were detected, supporting the assertion that previously observed effects of agrochemicals on FIB were indirect. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Keywords: Agricultural chemicals Keywords: Bacteria Keywords: Contamination Keywords: Microbiology Keywords: Pathogens Keywords: Medical Sciences Keywords: Water English. Copyright - Copyright American Society for Microbiology Nov 2012. Last updated - 2012-10-24. CODEN - AEMIDF. DOI - 2796841171; 73310672; 27746; AEMIDF; IAEM; INODIAEM0000625482 611. Stanley, K.; Simonich, S. M.; Bradford, D.; Davidson, C., and Tallent-Halsell, N. Comparison of Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion for the Measurement of Semivolatile Organic Compound Accumulation in Tadpoles. 2009; 28, (10): 2038-2043. Rec #: 350 Keywords: NO CONC,NO DURATION,SURVEY Call Number: NO CONC (ACE,ACR,ANT,ATZ,CHR,CPY,DCPA,DZ,EPTC,ES,ES2,ESS,FA,FLU,MLN,MP,MTL,PAHs,PHE,PYR,SZ,TFN), NO DURATION (ACE,ACR,ANT,ATZ,CHR,CPY,DCPA,DZ,EPTC,ES,ES2,ESS,FA,FLU,MLN,MP,MTL,PAHs,PHE,PYR,SZ,TFN), NO SURVEY (ACE,ACR,ANT,ATZ,CHR,CPY,DCPA,DZ,EPTC,ES,ES2,ESS,FA,FLU,MLN,MP,MTL,PAHs,PHE,PYR,SZ,TFN) Notes: Chemical of Concern: ACE,ACO,ACR,AND,ANT,ATZ,BAP,CHR,CPY,DCPA,DDE,DDT,DLD,DZ,EN,EPRN,EPTC,ES,ES2,ESS,ETN,FA,FLU,HCCH,HPT,MBZ,MLN,MP,MRX,MTL,MXC,PCB,PCH,PEB,PHE,PPCP,PRN,PYR,SZ,TFN,TRL,TZL 612. Starks, Sarah E.; Gerr, Fred; Kamel, Freya; Lynch, Charles F.; Jones, Michael P.; Alavanja, Michael C.; Sandler, Dale P., and Hoppin, Jane A. Neurobehavioral function and organophosphate insecticide use among pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. 2012 Jan; 34, (1): 168-176. Rec #: 1980 Keywords: HUMAN HEALTH Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Although persistent decrements in cognitive function have been observed among persons who have recovered from clinically overt organophosphate (OP) pesticide poisoning, little is known about the cognitive effects of chronic OP exposures that do not result in acute poisoning. To examine associations between long-term pesticide use and neurobehavioral (NB) function, NB tests were administered to licensed pesticide applicators enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) in Iowa and North Carolina. Between 2006 and 2008, 701 male participants completed nine NB tests to assess memory, motor speed and coordination, sustained attention, verbal learning and visual scanning and processing. Data on ever-use and lifetime days of use of 16 OP pesticides were obtained from AHS interviews conducted before testing between 1993 and 2007 and during the NB visit. The mean age of participants was 61 years (SD = 12). Associations between pesticide use and NB test performance were estimated with linear regression controlling for age and outcome-specific covariates. NB test performance was associated with lifetime days of use of some pesticides. Ethoprop was significantly associated with reduced performance on a test of motor speed and visual scanning. Malathion was significantly associated with poor performance on a test of visual scanning and processing. Conversely, we observed significantly better test performance for five OP pesticides. Specifically, chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, parathion, phorate, and tetrachlorvinphos were associated with better verbal learning and memory; coumaphos was associated with better performance on a test of motor speed and visual scanning; and parathion was associated with better performance on a test of sustained attention. Several associations varied by state. Overall, we found no consistent evidence of an association between OP pesticide use and adverse NB test performance among this older sample of pesticide applicators. Potential reasons for these mostly null results include a true absence of effect as well as possible selective participation by healthier applicators. Agricultural workers/ Epidemiology/ Organophosphates/ Neuropsychological testing/ Pesticide exposure http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0892036211001747 613. Starks, Se; Gerr, F; Kamel, F; Lynch, C F; Jones, M P; Alavanja, M C; Sandler, D P; Hoppin, Ja, and Starks, SE. Neurobehavioral Function and Organophosphate Insecticide Use Among Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. 2011 Oct; 17, (4): 364-365. Rec #: 3130 Keywords: HUMAN HEALTH Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: Although persistent decrements in cognitive function have been observed among persons who have recovered from clinically overt organophosphate (OP) pesticide poisoning, little is known about the cognitive effects of chronic OP exposures that do not result in acute poisoning. To examine associations between long-term pesticide use and neurobehavioral (NB) function, NB tests were administered to licensed pesticide applicators enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) in Iowa and North Carolina. Between 2006 and 2008, 701 male participants completed nine NB tests to assess memory, motor speed and coordination, sustained attention, verbal learning, and visual scanning and processing. Data on ever-use and lifetime days of use of 16 OP pesticides were obtained from AHS interviews conducted before testing between 1993 and 2007 and during the NB visit. The mean age of participants was 61 years (SD = 12). Associations between pesticide use and NB test performance were estimated with linear regression controlling for age and outcome-specific covariates. NB test performance was associated with lifetime days of use of some pesticides. Ethoprop was significantly associated with reduced performance on a test of motor speed and visual scanning. Malathion was significantly associated with poor performance on a test of visual scanning and processing. Conversely, we observed significantly better test performance for five OP pesticides. Specifically, chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, parathion, phorate, and tetrachlorvinphos were associated with better verbal learning and memory; coumaphos was associated with better performance on a test of motor speed and visual scanning; and parathion was associated with better performance on a test of sustained attention. Several associations varied by state. Overall, we found no consistent evidence of an association between OP pesticide use and adverse NB test performance among this older sample of pesticide applicators. Potential reasons for these mostly null results include a true absence of effect as well as possible selective participation by healthier applicators. Keywords: USA, North Carolina Keywords: Age Keywords: phorate Keywords: Organophosphates Keywords: Malathion Keywords: Memory Keywords: Insecticides Keywords: H 5000:Pesticides Keywords: Information processing Keywords: Coumaphos Keywords: Learning Keywords: Data processing Keywords: N3 11001:Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Keywords: Poisoning Keywords: organophosphates Keywords: Sensorimotor integration Keywords: Chlorpyrifos Keywords: Visual discrimination learning Keywords: cognitive ability Keywords: Scanning Keywords: USA, Iowa Keywords: Cognitive ability Keywords: Neurotoxicity Keywords: Pesticides Keywords: Attention Keywords: CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts Keywords: Parathion English. Date revised - 2011-11-01. Last updated - 2012-03-29. DOI - MD-0017838169; 16062002; 1074-7583. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Learning; Age; Data processing; phorate; Poisoning; organophosphates; Malathion; Sensorimotor integration; Chlorpyrifos; Visual discrimination learning; Memory; Insecticides; Scanning; Cognitive ability; Information processing; Pesticides; Coumaphos; Attention; Parathion; cognitive ability; Organophosphates; Neurotoxicity; USA, North Carolina; USA, Iowa 614. Steiniger, D.; Lu, G. P.; Butler, J.; Phillips, E., and Fintschenko, Y. Determination of Multiresidue Pesticides in Green Tea by Using a Modified QuEChERS Extraction and Ion-Trap Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. 2010; 93, 1169-1179. Rec #: 16050 Keywords: CHEM METHODS Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: The pesticide residues in exported and imported tea products must not exceed the maximum residue limits (MRLs) regulated by the import countries. Tea is a complex matrix that obfuscates the determination of pesticide residues. Many available methods for multiresidue pesticide analysis of tea are time-consuming and require many cleanup steps. The objective of this study was to develop a simple multiresidue method by using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction and ion-trap GC/MS/MS, which can identify, confirm, and quantify pesticides in complex matrixes. A tea product was homogenized with water, and the pesticides were extracted with acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid. The extract was subjected to centrifugation, initial cleanup with dispersive SPE (dSPE), solvent exchange, and final cleanup with dSPE. Diethyl-d(10)-parathion and triphenyl phosphate were used as the internal standard and surrogate, respectively. The final extract was injected into an ITQ 700 gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. Quantitation of individual pesticides was based on matrix-matched calibration curves with a correlation coefficient of >0.9930 for the 22 pesticides selected for the study. The recoveries of the 22 pesticides ranged from 78 to 115%, except those for diazinon (130%) and malathion (122%), with an average RSD of 8.7%. The LOD values of all of the pesticides, except for terbufos, were below the MRLs set by the European Union and Japan. Number of Volumes: 4 ISI Document Delivery No.: 645UQ 615. Sternberg, S. S. The Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis and Teratogenesis of Insecticides. Review of Studies in Animals and Man. 1979; 6, 147-166. Rec #: 360 Keywords: REVIEW Call Number: NO REVIEW (CBL,DDVP,MLN,PPB,PSM,TCF) Notes: Chemical of Concern: AND,CBL,CHD,DDT,DDVP,DLD,EPRN,HCCH,HPT,MLN,MRX,MXC,PPB,PPCP,PRN,PSM,PYN,TCF,TXP 616. Stone, D. L.; Sudakin, D. L., and Jenkins, J. J. Longitudinal trends in organophosphate incidents reported to the National Pesticide Information Center, 1995-2007. 2009; 8, 18-18. Rec #: 16060 Keywords: REVIEW Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: Background: Regulatory decisions to phase-out the availability and use of common organophosphate pesticides among the general public were announced in 2000 and continued through 2004. Based on revised risk assessments, chlorpyrifos and diazinon were determined to pose unacceptable risks. To determine the impact of these decisions, organophosphate (OP) exposure incidents reported to the National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC) were analyzed for longitudinal trends. Methods: Non-occupational human exposure incidents reported to NPIC were grouped into pre-( 1995-2000) and post-announcement periods (2001-2007). The number of total OP exposure incidents, as well as reports for chlorpyrifos, diazinon and malathion, were analyzed for significant differences between these two periods. The number of informational inquiries from the general public was analyzed over time as well. Results: The number of average annual OP-related exposure incidents reported to NPIC decreased significantly between the pre- and post-announcement periods (p < 0.001). A significant decrease in the number of chlorpyrifos and diazinon reports was observed over time (p < 0.001). No significant difference in the number of incident reports for malathion was observed (p = 0.4), which was not phased-out of residential use. Similar to exposure incidents, the number of informational inquiries received by NPIC declined over time following the phase-out announcement. Conclusion: Consistent with other findings, the number of chlorpyrifos and diazinon exposure incidents reported to NPIC significantly decreased following public announcement and targeted regulatory action. ISI Document Delivery No.: 444UK 617. Su, R.; Xu, X.; Wang, X. H.; Li, D.; Li, X. Y.; Zhang, H. Q., and Yu, A. M. Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in peanut oil by dispersive solid phase extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 2011; 879, 3423-3428. Rec #: 16080 Keywords: CHEM METHODS Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: The organophosphorus pesticides including phorate, diazinon, tolclofos-methyl, fenitrothin, malathion, fenthion, isocarbophos, quinalphos and phenamiphos, in peanut oils were determined by liquid-liquid extraction coupled with dispersive solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The mixture of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and alumina was used as adsorbent in dispersive solid phase extraction. The effects of some experimental conditions, such as types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, amount of adsorbents and extraction time were examined. The limits of detection for the analytes were between 0.7 and 1.6 mu g kg(-1). The obtained recoveries of the analytes in the samples were between 85.9 and 114.3% and relative standard deviations were lower than 8.48%. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Number of Volumes: 30 ISI Document Delivery No.: 852ZO 618. Suave, J; Dall'agnol, E C; Pezzin, a P T; Meier, M M; Silva, D a K, and Suave, J. Biodegradable Microspheres of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)/Poly( Epsilon -Caprolactone) Loaded With Malathion Pesticide: Preparation, Characterization, and in Vitro Controlled Release Testing. 2010 Sep 15; 117, (6): 3419-3427. Rec #: 4010 Keywords: METHODS Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: In this investigation, our aim was to evaluate the performance of a controlled release of malathion pesticide loaded in microspheres of pure polymers of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly( epsilon -caprolactone) (PCL) and of blends of these polymers with compositions of 70/30, 80/20, 90/10, 95/5, and 97/3 w/w. Microspheres were obtained by an emulsion-evaporation method to load a model pesticide. Scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the effect of the pesticide on the morphology and particles size of the biodegradable microspheres. The interaction between the matrix and pesticide was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The test for controlled release was performed in an aqueous medium, and malathion was quantified by ultraviolet spectroscopy. The results show that the release of malathion was improved with the PCL content in the blends; this indicated the possibility of modulating the release of the pesticide in these biodegradable blends. [copy 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 Keywords: A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments Keywords: W 30925:Genetic Engineering Keywords: Scanning electron microscopy Keywords: Spectroscopy Keywords: Biodegradability Keywords: Controlled release Keywords: Malathion Keywords: Models Keywords: U.V. radiation Keywords: I.R. spectroscopy Keywords: Pesticides Keywords: microspheres Keywords: Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology Keywords: Differential scanning calorimetry English. Date revised - 2012-06-01. Last updated - 2012-09-10. DOI - fda84f5d-9fd8-4568-99cecsaobj201; 15239407; 1097-4628. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scanning electron microscopy; U.V. radiation; I.R. spectroscopy; Pesticides; microspheres; Spectroscopy; Biodegradability; Controlled release; Malathion; Models; Differential scanning calorimetry 619. Sulak, M T; Keskinler, B, and Sulak, M T. Detection of Malathion Using a Carbon Nanotube Modified Gold Electrode. 2011; 20, (10a): 2744-2749. Rec #: 3720 Keywords: CHEM METHODS Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: We developed a simple strategy for designing a sensitive electrochemical biosensor for organophosphate insecticides (OIs), based on an acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-carbon nanotube (CNT)-polypyrrole (PPy) biocomposite film modified gold electrode (labeled as AChE-CNT-PPy/Au). Based on the inhibition of OIs to the enzymatic activity of AChE, using malathion as a model compound, the conditions for detection of the insecticides were explored. The proposed method demonstrates an easy electron transfer between the immobilized enzyme and the electrode via functionalized CNTs in a polypyrrole matrix. Under optimal conditions, the inhibition of malathion was proportional to its concentration from 1.0-20.0 mu M. The detection limit was 0.1 mu M, with a good precision (RSD = 4.7%, n = 8). The developed biosensor exhibited good stability. This method could be developed as a conventional one to select efficient enzyme inhibitors and investigate toxic compounds against enzymes. Keywords: Biosensors Keywords: enzyme inhibitors Keywords: Insecticides Keywords: Organophosphates Keywords: Electrodes Keywords: enzymatic activity Keywords: Enzymes Keywords: Environment Abstracts Keywords: ENA 21:Wildlife Keywords: Malathion Keywords: nanotechnology English. Date revised - 2012-02-01. Last updated - 2012-08-02. DOI - OB-MD-0017838038; 16061871; 1018-4619. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biosensors; enzyme inhibitors; Insecticides; Organophosphates; Electrodes; enzymatic activity; Enzymes; Malathion; nanotechnology 620. Sun, C. X.; Shen, P., and Wang, W. Efficacy of Five Mosquito Larvicides Against Mosquito Larvae in Field. Centers for Disease Contort and Prevention of Tianjin, Tianjin 300011, China//: 2009; 26, (2): 142-144(CHI) (ENG ABS). Rec #: 1900 Keywords: NON-ENGLISH Call Number: NON-ENGLISH (CPY,CYP,MLN) Notes: Chemical of Concern: CPY,CYP,MLN 621. Sun, H.; Cai, H., and Yao, Z. Toxic Effects of 12 Persistent Organic Pollutants on Nitzschia closterium Determined Using Micro-Plate Assay. National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023 People's Rep. China//: 2011; 29, (4): 529-536(CHI) (ENG ABS). Rec #: 1930 Keywords: NON-ENGLISH Call Number: NON-ENGLISH (MLN,MP,PAHs,PCP,PHE,PYR) Notes: Chemical of Concern: BAP,MLN,MP,NYP,PAHs,PCB,PCP,PHE,PYR 622. Sun, Lina. Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides and Their Degradation Products in Atmospheric Samples in Western Canada by Lc/Esi+ Ms/Ms. 2009. Rec #: 8160 Keywords: FATE Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: This thesis describes a new analytical method for determination of organophosphorus pesticides along with their degradation products using liquid chromatography positive ion electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry with selected reaction monitoring. Chromatography was performed on a Gemini C 6 -phenyl column with a gradient elution using a water-methanol with 0.1% formic acid, 2mM ammonium acetate mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL min-1 . Method detection limits of 0.1-5 ÎĽg L-1 for selected organophosphorus pesticides, organophosphorus oxon degradation products and other degradation products, such as: 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol; 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidol; and diethyl phosphate. Some organophosphorus pesticides such as fenchlorphos are less sensitive with method detection limits of 30 ÎĽg L -1 . A three-point identification approach was adopted with an area from the first selected reaction monitoring transition used for quantitative analysis, while a second selected reaction monitoring transition along with the ratio of areas obtained from the first to second transition are used for confirmation with sample tolerance established by the relative standard deviation of the ratio obtained from standards, which ranged from 3% to 11%. This new method permitted the first known detection of organophosphorus oxon degradation products including chlorpyrifos oxon in atmospheric samples from Bratt's Lake, Saskatchewan and diazinon oxon and malathion oxon from Abbotsford, British. Atmospheric detection limits typically ranged from 0.2-10 pg m -3 . High atmospheric concentrations were observed for chlorpyrifos at Bratt's Lake, diazinon at Abbotsford, and malathion at both sites, particularly in the spring or summer. These high atmospheric concentrations were partly attributed to volatilization of malathion at both sites. A significant amount of the variability in atmospheric concentrations could not be explained by local temperature variations, indicating the source contributions from both local/regional and long-range atmospheric transport were also important. Degradation products followed similar atmospheric trends to their parent active ingredients, indicating that in general higher concentrations of degradation products were observed with elevated concentrations of organophosphorus parent compounds. Additionally, the ratios between the atmospheric concentrations of organophosphorus pesticides and organophosphorus oxons provide an insight into the age of pesticides. Keywords: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; Currently used pesticides; Pesticide analysis; Long-range atmospheric transport; Organophosphorus oxon; Bratt's Lake, Saskatchewan; Abbotsford, British Columbia. Start Page: 128 ISSN/ISBN: 9780494657256 Keywords: Atmospheric Chemistry Keywords: 0486:Analytical chemistry Keywords: 0371:Atmospheric Chemistry Keywords: Analytical chemistry Keywords: Earth sciences Keywords: Pure sciences English. Copyright - Copyright ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing 2009. Last updated - 2012-07-06. DOI - 2169298161; 55025091; 66569; 9780494657256; MR65725. First page - n/a 623. Sun, M. J.; Liu, D. H.; Zhou, G. X.; Li, J. D.; Qiu, X. X.; Zhou, Z. Q., and Wang, P. Enantioselective Degradation and Chiral Stability of Malathion in Environmental Samples. 2012; 60, 372-379. Rec #: 16110 Keywords: CHEM METHODS Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: The dissipation behaviors of the two enantiomers of the organophosphorus pesticide malathion (MA) in environment samples were elucidated using a normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with a cellulose-tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (CDMPC) chiral column. A validated chiral residue analysis method in soil and water was established; the average recoveries for the two enantiomers were 88-102% in soil and 81-99% in water. Racemic and enantiopure R-(+)- and S-(-)-MA were incubated in five soil and water systems. The results of the degradation of racemate in all of the environment samples showed the inactive S-(-)-enantiomer degraded more rapidly than the active R-(+)-enantiomer, resulting in a relative enrichment of the R-form. Moreover, when the enantiopure S-(-)- and R-(+)-MA were incubated in three well-chosen soil and water samples, respectively, inversion from one enantiomer to another was found, indicating that using the optically pure enantiomer will not help to increase the bioactivity and reduce the environmental pollution. Number of Volumes: 1 ISI Document Delivery No.: 874GI 624. Sun, Xiaojin; Zhu, Fang; Xi, Jiabin; Lu, Tongbu; Liu, Hong; Tong, Yexiang; Ouyang, Gangfeng, and Sun, Xiaojin. Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction as Clean-up Step for the Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides Residues in Fish Tissue by Gas Chromatography Coupled With Mass Spectrometry. 2011 Mar; 63, (5-12): 102-107. Rec #: 6550 Keywords: CHEM METHODS Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: Hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) technique was used as a clean-up procedure for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in fish tissue. In this study, eight OPPs were first extracted with acetone from fish sample, the organic extract after rotatory evaporation was then redissolved with water-methanol (95:5, v/v) solution, followed by polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) HF-LPME. Experimental HF-LPME and other sample preparation conditions were carefully investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity were observed in the range of 20-500ng/g, limits of detections (LODs) were in the range of 2.1-4.5ng/g. The repeatability and recovery of the method also showed satisfactory results. Compared with traditional sample preparation method for the determination of OPPs in fish tissue, the method developed in this study eliminated the solid phase extraction (SPE) step, simplified the sample preparation procedure and lowered the cost of analysis. Keywords: Marine Keywords: ASFA 2: Ocean Technology Policy & Non-Living Resources; Environment Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts Keywords: Environmental Studies English. Date revised - 2012-01-01. Last updated - 2012-01-05. DOI - OB-2e24b44c-a653-469b-a74fcsaobj201; 15380998; CS1139749; 0025-326X. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marine 625. Sunarso, J; Ismadji, S, and Sunarso, J. Decontamination of Hazardous Substances From Solid Matrices and Liquids Using Supercritical Fluids Extraction: a Review. 2009 Jan 15; 161, (1): 1-20. Rec #: 7830 Keywords: REVIEW Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: Supercritical fluid has been adopted as an extraction media to remove various kinds of substances from distinct types of solid matrices since three decades ago. Compared to conventional extraction mode, supercritical fluid extraction technology is preferred because of the flexibility in adjusting its dissolving power and inherent elimination of organic solvent which means reducing time and money needed for subsequent purification. Utilization of this method as an environmental remedial technology, however, has become a trend only after its accomplishment in analytical chemistry was acknowledged. This review tries to summarize in a comprehensive manner the multitude aspects involved in hazardous compounds removal from miscellaneous class of environmental matrices. The industrial adsorbent regeneration using supercritical fluid technology is also discussed. Although, this technology has been successfully realized for environmental remediation in laboratory and on pilot-plant scale, its commercialization attempts still lack significant technology improvement in order to reach the economic feasibility. Keywords: Feasibility studies Keywords: P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT Keywords: Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Environmental Engineering Abstracts Keywords: Bioremediation Keywords: regeneration Keywords: EE 50:Water & Wastewater Treatment Keywords: Solvents Keywords: Decontamination Keywords: Engineering--Chemical Engineering Keywords: Reviews Keywords: Economics Keywords: Regeneration Keywords: Adsorption Keywords: Purification Keywords: X 24350:Industrial Chemicals Keywords: Technology English. Date revised - 2009-05-01. Last updated - 2011-11-07. DOI - OB-MD-0009022614; 8836390; 0304-3894; 1873-3336. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Technology; Reviews; Regeneration; Bioremediation; Economics; Solvents; Feasibility studies; Adsorption; Decontamination; regeneration; Purification 626. Tabashnik, B. E. Modeling and Evaluation of Resistance Management Tactics. 1990: 153-182. Rec #: 370 Keywords: REVIEW Call Number: NO REVIEW (MLN) Notes: Chemical of Concern: AND,DLD,MLN 627. Takanashi, Hirokazu; Kishida, Misako; Abiru, Kazuya; Kondo, Takashi; Kameya, Takashi; Matsushita, Taku; Nakajima, Tsunenori; Ohki, Akira, and Takanashi, Hirokazu. A Screening Study on the Mutagen Formation Potential of 44 Pesticides. 2013; 62, (1): 14-22. Rec #: 5500 Keywords: BACTERIA Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: The mutagenicity and the mutagen formation potential (MFP) of seven fungicides, 15 herbicides and 22 insecticides upon chlorination were measured with the Ames Salmonella assay. All the pesticides except for thiram and dichlorvos were non-mutagenic. However, 75% of the tested pesticides showed significant MFP. This indicated that the chlorination by-products of some pesticides are mutagenic, although the pesticides themselves are not. No significant mutagenicity or MFP was observed for 20% of the pesticides tested in the present study. Thiram and dichlorvos, representing 5% of the tested pesticides, had significant mutagenicity and MFP. The average MFP of asulam, which had the highest MFP in this study, was 860 times greater than the average MFP of propyzamide, which had the lowest MFP (below the detection limit). In addition, the chemical structures of pesticides which had significant MFPs were compared to each other in order to see if there are common characteristics among them, but we could not predict whether pesticides are capable of forming mutagens from their chemical structures, use types or mode of actions. MFP measurements are indispensable in order to know whether pesticides are capable of forming mutagens. Keywords: WATER RESOURCES Keywords: Environment Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts English. Date revised - 2013-03-01. Last updated - 2013-03-28. DOI - OB-153f5249-b063-46ec-a14emfgefd107; 17767152; 1606-9935; 1605-3974 628. Tamarit-L+¦pez, Jes+ s; Morais, Sergi; Puchades, Rosa, and Maquieira, +üngel. Direct hapten-linked multiplexed immunoassays on polycarbonate surface. 2011 Jan 15-; 26, (5): 2694-2698. Rec #: 1960 Keywords: CHEM METHODS Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Direct hapten-linked multiplexed immunoassay is developed on the polycarbonate surface of standard Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs) for six compounds of environmental concern, as proof of concept. Carboxylated haptens are directly linked to the aminated polycarbonate surface through carbodiimide/succinimide coupling. The modified DVD surface maintained its physical and optical properties. Multiplexed assay reached detection limits down to 0.1 ++g/L for chlorpyrifos, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid, sulfathiazole and sulfasalazine and down to 1.0 ++g/L for fenthion and malathion. This approach presents advantages such as the improvement in sensitivity in comparison to proteinÇôhapten conjugate format for all the studied analytes and the absence of cross-interference effects, allowing high throughput multianalysis on the same surface. Also, a comparison of the performance of two sensing strategies indicated that DVD disc and drive approach turned out in a simpler mode, the assays being more reproducible and with higher signal to noise ratios. Direct hapten-linked immunoassay/ Polycarbonate/ Digital versatile disc/ Microarray/ Multiplexed analysis http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956566310005853 629. Tanaka, A.; Masago, H.; Karino, K., and Ujie, A. Determination of Trace Agrochemicals in Water and Toxicity of Agrochemicals to Fish. 2. Toxicity of Decomposition Products From UV-Irradiated Organophosphorus Agents in Water. 1983; 15, 119-122 (PUBL AS 12241). Rec #: 1490 Keywords: NON-ENGLISH Notes: Chemical of Concern: CPYM,DDVP,DZ,FNT,FNTH,MLN 630. Tang, F.; Zhang, X. B.; Liu, Y. S., and Gao, X. W. Tissue Distribution and Properties of Glutathione S-Transferases in Micromelalopha troglodyta (Lepidoptera : Notodontidae). 2008; 43, (3): 268-278. Rec #: 1780 Keywords: IN VITRO Call Number: NO IN VITRO (BFT,CPY,CYP,FPN,FPP,HFR,IMC,LCYT,MLN,MOM,NNCT,OMT,PFF,PRB) Notes: Chemical of Concern: ABM,ACT,BFT,CPY,CYP,EMMB,FPN,FPP,HFR,IMC,LCYT,MLN,MOM,OMT,PFF,PRB 631. Tao, Y. Q.; Jiang, X.; Bian, Y. R.; Yang, X. L., and Wang, F. Transport of Malathion in Homogeneous Soil Liquid Chromatographic Columns: Influence of Nonequilibrium Sorption. 2009; 8 , 42-51. Rec #: 16170 Keywords: FATE Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: With a liquid chromatographic column, the transport behaviors of malathion and Cl(-) in red soil and gray fluvo-aquic soil columns were studied. Malathion was leached with three different solutions (0.01 mol L(-1) CaCl(2), 0.01 mol L(-1) CaCl(2) + 0.001 mol L(-1) citric acid, and 0.01 mol L(-1) CaCl(2) + 0.001 mol L(-1) malic acid) at two pore water velocities (0.191 and 0.382 cm min(-1)). The symmetrical breakthrough curves (BTCs) of Cl(-), which were obtained by using the conservative tracer, showed no significant physical nonequilibrium in solution transport. Compared with those of Cl-, the BTCs of malathion were obviously asymmetrical, with a shift to the right and an extended long-time tail, which is typical of sorption nonequilibrium. Using CXTFIT2.1 and continuous time random walk (CTRW) theory, the physical and hydrodynamic parameters were obtained by fitting the experimental results to the measured BTCs. For both the local equilibrium assumption (LEA) model and the nonequilibrium two-site model (TSM), introduction of a decay term improved the fitting of BTCs, which indicated that sorption-desorption influenced malathion transport. On the whole, the TSM fitted the BTCs better than the LEA model because the TSM accounted for either sorption-ortransport-related nonequilibrium. Under most experimental conditions, compared with the LEA and TSM, the CTRW described the distal portion, especially the extended long-time tails, of BTCs better because non-Fickian diffusion arose at later transport times. The results suggest that the nonequilibrium TSM is a useful approach to predict malathion transport. At later transport times, however, the CTRW, characterizing non-Fickian transport, better explained the BTC tails. These results are valuable to predict and control the fate of malathion in the environment. Number of Volumes: 1 ISI Document Delivery No.: 415DS 632. Tarzwell, C. M. Pollutional Effects of Organic Insecticides. 1959: 132-141. Rec #: 890 Keywords: REFS CHECKED,REVIEW Call Number: NO REFS CHECKED (AZ,CBL,CMPH,DS,MLN,MP,TCF,TEPP), NO REVIEW (AZ,CBL,CMPH,DS,MLN,MP,TCF,TEPP) Notes: Chemical of Concern: AND,AZ,CBL,CHD,CMPH,DDT,DEM,DLD,DS,EN,EPRN,HCCH,HPT,MLN,MP,MXC,PPCP,PRN,TCF,TEPP,TXP 633. Taylor, S. K. Investigation of Mortality of Wyoming Toads and the Effect of Malathion on Amphibian Disease Susceptibility. 1998: 83 p. (UMI #9915783). Rec #: 1160 Keywords: PUBL AS Call Number: NO PUBL AS (MLN) Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN 634. Terrell, Y.; Parke, G., and Charles, S. J. Acute Oral LD50 in Rats, Compound: Malathion Technical (Fyfanon). 1978. Rec #: 900 Keywords: NO SOURCE Call Number: NO SOURCE (MLN) Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN 635. Tewabe, Dereje; Getahun, Abebe; Dejen, Eshete, and Tewabe, Dereje. Fishing Activities in Gendwuha, Guang, Shinfa and Ayima Rivers in Tekeze and Abbay Basins, Ethiopia: Preliminary Study. 2010; 10, (2-4): 333. Rec #: 4450 Keywords: SURVEY Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: We sampled fishes of the rivers Gendwuha, Guang, Shinfa, and Ayima with 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 cm stretched mesh gillnet, monofilament of different mesh sizes, hook and line, fykenet and castnet. During October 2007 through January 2008 in both dry and wet seasons. 27 fish species were identified from the four rivers represented by the families: Centropomidae, Cichlidae, Bagridae, Schilbeidae, Clariidae, Mochokidae, Malapteruridae, Osteoglossidae, Mormyridae, Characidae, Citharinidae and Cyprinidae. Species richness was slightly highest in the rivers Shinfa and Ayima - 20 species each, whereas 16 and 18 species were identified from Gendwuha and Guang rivers, respectively. Most destructive fishing methods used in the region include plant poisons and chemicals (Malathion) which are nonselective and dangerous for all biota. Action towards awareness creation in this respect should be urgently undertaken before extinction of species. Keywords: Bagridae Keywords: Hydrobiology Keywords: Basins Keywords: Species Diversity Keywords: Freshwater fish Keywords: Freshwater Keywords: Malathion Keywords: Fishing Keywords: ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Water Resources Abstracts; Aqualine Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts Keywords: Rainy season Keywords: Ethiopia Keywords: Osteoglossidae Keywords: Malapteruridae Keywords: Cyprinidae Keywords: SW 0835:Streamflow and runoff Keywords: Schilbeidae Keywords: Mochokidae Keywords: Poisons Keywords: Species richness Keywords: AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies Keywords: Biological surveys Keywords: Rivers Keywords: Clariidae Keywords: Centropomidae Keywords: Extinction Keywords: Catching methods Keywords: Mormyridae Keywords: Cichlidae Keywords: Community composition Keywords: D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies Keywords: Characidae Keywords: Q1 01563:Fishing gear and methods Keywords: Fish Keywords: Species extinction Keywords: Citharinidae English. Date revised - 2011-10-01. Number of references - 10. Last updated - 2012-06-29. DOI - 602405bc-a889-4351-bff4mfgefd101; 15634528; CS1153311; 1642-3593. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rivers; Biological surveys; Fishing; Community composition; Rainy season; Catching methods; Hydrobiology; Freshwater fish; Species extinction; Extinction; Basins; Malathion; Species richness; Species Diversity; Fish; Poisons; Clariidae; Cichlidae; Osteoglossidae; Centropomidae; Malapteruridae; Cyprinidae; Bagridae; Characidae; Schilbeidae; Mochokidae; Mormyridae; Citharinidae; Ethiopia; Freshwater. Abebe, G. 2002. The Nile basin: riverine fish and fisheries. Dept. of Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, pp. 19. A report on the ichthyological survey for fishery development in the Omo-Gibe basin. Joint Ethio-Russian Biological Expedition (JERBE) manuscript, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. de Graaf, M; Dejen, E; Sibbing, F A; Osse, JWM. Barbus tanapelagius, a new species from Lake Tana (Ethiopia): its morphology and ecology. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES, 59. 1 (2000): 1-9. KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL. Ethiopian Meteorological Agency 2008b. Monthly mean maximum and minimum temperature at Metema station from 2004-2007. Ethiopian Meteorological Agency, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Meteorological Agency 2008a. Mean monthly Rainfall at Metema station from 2004-2007. Ethiopian Meteorological Agency, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Getahun, A; Stiassny, M L J; Getahun, A. The freshwater biodiversity crisis: the case of the Ethiopian fish fauna. Sinet, an Ethiopian Journal of Science, 21. 2 (1998): 207-230. Golubtsov, A S; Golubtsov, A S; Darkov, A A; Dgebuadze, Yu.Yu.; et al. An artificial key to fish species of the Gambela region (the White Nile Basin in the limits of Ethiopia) (1995): 1-84. Graaf, M de. Lake Tana's piscivorous Barbus (Cyprinidae, Ethiopia): ecology, evolution, exploitation. Lake Tana's piscivorous Barbus (Cyprinidae, Ethiopia): ecology, evolution, exploitation (2003): [sn]. JERBE 1995. A report on the ichthyological survey for fishery development in the Omo-Gibe basin. Joint Ethio-Russian Biological Expedition (JERBE) manuscript, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Lake Tana?s piscivorous barbus (Cyprinidae, Ethiopia). Ecology, evolution exploitation. PhD thesis, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands. Roberts, T R. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF AFRICAN FRESHWATER FISHES. ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, 57. 4 (1975): 249-319. ACADEMIC PRESS LTD. WOOD, R. B.; TALLING, J. F. Chemical and algal relationships in a salinity series of Ethiopian inland waters. Hydrobiologia (The Hague), 158. (1988): 29-67. Springer 636. Theiling, K. M. and Croft, B. A. Pesticide Side-Effects on Arthropod Natural Enemies - A Database Summary. 3208//: 1988; 21, (3-4): 191-218. Rec #: 1230 Keywords: REVIEW Call Number: NO REVIEW (ADC,AZ,BMY,CBL,CYP,Captan,DCF,DFZ,DM,DMT,DS,DZ,ES,FNT,FNV,FTT,FVL,MLN,MOM,MP,MTM,MVP,OXD,PFF,PMR,PQT,TBO,TCF,TEPP,TLM) Notes: EcoReference No.: 54800 Chemical of Concern: ADC,AZ,BMY,CBL,CHX,CYP,Captan,DCF,DDT,DEM,DFZ,DM,DMT,DS,DZ,EPRN,ES,FNT,FNV,FTT,FVL,HCCH,HDP,MLN,MOM,MP,MTM,MVP,OXD,PFF,PHSL,PIM,PMR,PPCP,PQT,PRN,RYA,TBO,TCF,TEPP,TLM 637. Thiermann, H; Eyer, F; Felgenhauer, N; Pfab, R; Zilker, T; Eyer, P; Worek, F, and Thiermann, H. Pharmacokinetics of Obidoxime in Patients Poisoned With Organophosphorus Compounds. 2010 Sep 1; 197, (3): 236-242. Rec #: 6880 Keywords: HUMAN HEALTH Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: Reactivation of inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with oximes is a causal therapy of intoxication with organophosphorus compounds (OPs). Maximal oxime effects are expected when effective doses are administered as soon as possible and as long as reactivation can be anticipated. An obidoxime plasma level in the range of 10-20I14M was estimated as appropriate. The achievement of this target was assessed in 34 severely OP-poisoned patients. After admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) the obidoxime regimen (250mg i.v. as bolus, followed by 750mg/24h) was started and maintained as long as reactivation was possible. Plasma concentrations of obidoxime were determined by HPLC. A total amount of 2269Ac1726mg obidoxime was infused over 65hAc55h resulting in a steady state plasma concentration of 14.5Ac7.3I14M. Obidoxime was eliminated with t 1/2(1) 2.2 and t 1/2(2) 14h. The volumes of distribution amounted to 0.32Ac0.1L/kg (V (1)) and 0.28Ac0.12 (V (2))L/kg. Postmortem examination of tissue in one patient showed obidoxime accumulation in cartilage, kidney and liver and pointed to brain concentrations similar to plasma concentration. Using the suggested obidoxime regimen, the targeted plasma concentration could be achieved. Obidoxime was eliminated biphasically and was well tolerated. This result allows the recommendation of using this definite regimen for adults also in case of mass casualties. Keywords: High-performance liquid chromatography Keywords: Intoxication Keywords: Environment Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts Keywords: Pharmacy And Pharmacology Keywords: Organophosphorus compounds Keywords: obidoxime Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase Keywords: Cartilage Keywords: Brain Keywords: Pharmacokinetics Keywords: ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety Keywords: intensive care units Keywords: Plasma levels Keywords: intoxication Keywords: X 24310:Pharmaceuticals Keywords: Intensive care units Keywords: oximes Keywords: Dose-response effects Keywords: Kidney Keywords: Liver English. Date revised - 2011-10-01. Last updated - 2011-12-08. DOI - OB-c5cc3828-5ee9-4cfd-97f3csaobj202; 13248803; 0378-4274. SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Intoxication; High-performance liquid chromatography; Organophosphorus compounds; obidoxime; Acetylcholinesterase; Cartilage; Brain; Pharmacokinetics; Plasma levels; Intensive care units; oximes; Kidney; Liver; intoxication; Dose-response effects; intensive care units 638. Thomatou, &Ampalphanna-ï Zacharias Ierotheos; Hela, Dimitra; Konstantinou, Ioannis, and Konstantinou, Ioannis. Passive Sampling of Selected Pesticides in Aquatic Environment Using Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers. 2011 Aug; 18, (7): 1222-1233. Rec #: 6250 Keywords: CHEM METHODS Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: Purpose: Polar chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) were examined for their sampling efficiency of 12 pesticides and one metabolite commonly detected in surface waters. Laboratory-based calibration experiments of POCISs were conducted. The determined passive sampling rates were applied for the monitoring of pesticides levels in Lake Amvrakia, Western Greece. Spot sampling was also performed for comparison purposes. Methods: Calibration experiments were performed on the basis of static renewal exposure of POCIS under stirred conditions for different time periods of up to 28 days. The analytical procedures were based on the coupling of POCIS and solid phase extraction by Oasis HLB cartridges with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: The recovery of the target pesticides from the POCIS was generally >79% with relative standard deviation (RSD) <16%. The calibration results revealed an integrative uptake of all pesticides for 28 days and the calculated sampling rates ranged from 0.025 to 0.388 L day super(-1) with RSD <29%. Low nanogram/liter levels of pesticides such as diazinon, alachlor, and s-metolachlor were detected during the monitoring campaign using both passive and spot sampling whereas higher concentrations were measured by spot sampling in most cases. Conclusions: Passive sampling by POCIS provides a useful tool for the monitoring of pesticides in aquatic systems since integrative sampling at rates sufficient for analytical quantitation of ambient levels was observed. Calibration data are in demand for a greater number of compounds in order to extend the use in environmental monitoring. Keywords: Environmental Studies--Pollution Keywords: Environment Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts English. Date revised - 2012-01-01. Last updated - 2012-01-05. DOI - OB-f4609434-fda7-40f9-b2e1mfgefd107; 15420460; 0944-1344; 1614-7499 639. Thomatou, Anna-Akrivi; Zacharias, Ierotheos; Hela, Dimitra, and Konstantinou, Ioannis. Determination and Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Lake Amvrakia (W. Greece) After Agricultural Land Use Changes in the Lake's Drainage Basin. 2013; 93, (7): 780. Rec #: 5350 Keywords: SURVEY Notes: Chemical of Concern: MLN Abstract: Abstract: A monitoring study of pesticides belonging to different chemical families was carried out in Amvrakia lake (West Greece) waters after land use changes in the lake's basin. Based on land-use patterns, nine sampling points were selected. Pesticides were extracted by solid phase extraction (SPE) using Oasis HLB cartridges and analysed by gas chromatographic techniques with flame thermionic and mass-spectra detection. Pesticides detected during the monitoring survey include eight herbicides (alachlor, atrazine, s-metolachlor, pendimethalin, prometryne, propachlor, simazine, trifluralin) and one metabolite (deethyl atrazine) with concentration levels up to 807 ng L-1 (recorded for alachlor), eight insecticides (azinphos methyl, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos methyl, diazinon, dimethoate, fenitrothion, malathion, methidathion) with concentration levels up to 490 ng L-1 (recorded for azinphos methyl) and six fungicides (benalaxyl, cyproconazole, fenarimol, pyrimethanil, triadimefon, triadimenol) with concentration levels up to 408 ng L-1 (recorded for pyrimethanil). More frequently detected pesticides were atrazine, deethyl atrazine, alachlor, azinphos methyl, chlorpyrifos methyl, diazinon and pyrimethanil. The higher concentrations were measured during spring-early summer period, following seasonal application of pesticides and diminished significantly during winter. Littoral sampling stations presented higher pesticide concentration levels and more frequent detection. Directory: pesticides -> nas nas -> Appendix 1-10: Summary of Diazinon Monitoring Data nas -> Description of revision nas -> Appendix 2 Chlorpyrifos Species Sensitivity Distribution Analysis for Fish nas -> Appendix 2 Open Literature Review Summaries for Malathion Download 5.18 Mb. Share with your friends:
|