Appendix 2-5: Rejected ecotox bibliography Excluded

Thiel, J. A. and Wenger, B. S. (1985). Differing Biochemical Patterns in Pyridine Nucleotide-Related Teratogenesis. American association of anatomists 98th annual meeting and the association canadienne des anatomistes (canadian association of anatomists) 29th annual meeting, toronto, ont., Canada, may 5-9, 1985. Anat rec 211: 194a-195a.

Thier, H. P. and Zeumer, H. (1987). Manual of Pesticide Residue Analysis Vol. 1. Thier, h.-P. And h. Zeumer (ed.). Manual of pesticide residue analysis, vol. 1. Xvi+432p. Vch publishers, inc.: New york, new york, usa Weinheim, west germany. Illus. Isbn 0-89573-592-x; isbn 3-527-27010-8.; 0: Xvi+432p.

Thiere, G. and Schulz, R. (2004). Runoff-Related Agricultural Impact in Relation to Macroinvertebrate Communities of the Lourens River, South Africa. Water Res. 38: 3092-3102.

Thomas, D. C., Petitti, D. B., Goldhaber, M., Swan, S. H., Rappaport, E. B., and Hertz-Picciotto, I. (1992). Reproductive Outcomes in Relation to Malathion Spraying in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1981-1982. Epidemiology. Vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 32-39. 1992.

Thomas, I. K. and Imamura, T. (1986). Immunosuppressive Effect of an Impurity of Malathion: Inhibition of Murine T- and B-Lymphocyte Responses by O,O,S-Trimethyl Phosphorothioate. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 83: 456-464.

Thomas, Imad K. and Imamura, Toshiko (1986). Modulation of Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses by O,S,S-Trimethyl Phosphorodithioate, an Impurity of Commercial Malathion. Toxicology 39: 1-12.

Thomas, K. P. (1987). The Fate of the Sulphur Content of Malathion When Applied to Barley Used to Produce Malt Whisky. J. INST. BREW. Vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 18-22. 1987.

Thomas, M., Korth, W., Foster, S. *., and McCorkelle, G. (1998). Dissipation of Pesticides in Irrigation Drainage From Mixed Rice and Maize Crops in the Willbriggie Catchment, Nsw Australia. Australasian Journal of Ecotoxicology [Australas. J. Ecotoxicol.]. Vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 75-84. Jul 1998.

Thompson, C. M. (1994). Enantioenriched Phosphorothiolates Synthesis Analysis and Interaction With Acetylcholinesterase. 207th national meeting of the american chemical society, san diego, california, usa, march 13-17, 1994. Abstracts of papers american chemical society 207: Agro 25.

Thompson, C. M., Frick, J. A., Natke, B. C., and Hansen, L. K. (1989). Preparation, Analysis, and Anticholinesterase Properties of O,O-Dimethylphosphorothioate Isomerides. Chem res toxicol 2: 386-391.

Thompson, C. M., Suarez, A. I., and Rodriguez, O. P. (1996). Synthesis and 31p Chemical Shift Identification of Tripeptide Active Site Models That Represent Human Serum Acetylcholinesterase Covalently Modified at Serine by Certain Organophosphates. Chemical research in toxicology 9: 1325-1332.

Thompson, H. M. (1996). Interactions Between Pesticides: a Review of Reported Effects and Their Implications for Wildlife Risk Assessment. Ecotoxicology 5: 59-81.

Thompson, H. M., Langton, S. D., and Hart, A. (1995). Prediction of Inter-Species Differences in the Toxicity of Organophosphorus Pesticides to Wildlife: a Biochemical Approach. Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C 111: 1-12.

Thompson, T. S., Treble, R. G., Magliocco, A., Roettger, J. R., and Eichhorst, J. C. (1998). Case Study: Fatal Poisoning by Malathion. Forensic science international 95: 89-98.

Thorpe, G. R. and Elder, W. B. (1980). The Use of Mechanical Refrigeration to Improve the Storage of Pesticide Treated Grain. International Journal of Refrigeration 3: 99-106.

Tiebout, H. M. III and Brugger, K. E. (1995). Ecological Risk Assessment of Pesticides for Terrestrial Vertebrates: Evaluation and Application of the U.s. Environmental Protection Agency's Quotient Model. Conservation Biology. Vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1605-1618. 1995.

Tierney, K. B. (2007). Neurotoxicity of Pesticides to Salmon: Physiology to Ethology. Ph.D.Thesis, Simon Fraser Univ., Canada 367 p. (Publ As 89637,90046,89625,89700,101435).

Tierney, K. B., Sampson, J. L., Ross, P. S., Sekela, M. A., and Kennedy, C. J. (2008). Salmon Olfaction is Impaired by an Environmentally Realistic Pesticide Mixture. Environ.Sci.Technol. 42: 4996-5001.

Tietze, N. S., Ruff, J. P., Hallmon, C. F., Hester, P. G., and Shaffer, K. R. (1992). Effect of Ulv Malathion on Automotive Paint Finishes. J am mosq control assoc 8: 241-246.

Ting, K. C. and Kho, P. (1991). Gc/Aed Method for Pesticide Residue Determination in Fruits and Vegetables. J assoc off anal chem 74: 991-998.

Tiryaki, O., Baysoyu, D., Sec(cedilla)er, E., and Aydin, G. (2008). Testing the Stability of Pesticides During Sample Processing for the Chlorpyrifos and Malathion Residue Analysis in Cucumber, Including Matrix Effects. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 80 (1) pp. 38-43, 2008.

Tisch, M., Faulde, M., and Maier, H. ( [Genotoxic Effects of Insecticides in Current Use on Mucosal Epithelial Cells From Human Tonsil Tissue]. Hno. 2007, may; 55 suppl 1:e15-22. [Hno]: HNO.

Toda, M., Sugita, T., Tanaka, K., Sasaki, S., Uneyama, C., Yamamoto, M., and Morikawa, K. ( [Study on Pesticides Residue Monitoring Data in Some Countries of the World]. Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyusho Hokoku. 2007(125):51-60. [Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyujo hokoku = Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences].

Tolosa, I., Readman, J. W., and Mee, L. D. (1996). Comparison of the Performance of Solid-Phase Extraction Techniques in Recovering Organophosphorus and Organochlorine Compounds From Water. Journal of chromatography a 725: 93-106.

Torres, C. M., Pico, Y., Marin, R., and Manes, J. (1997). Evaluation of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Citrus Fruits From the Valencian Community (Spain). Journal of aoac international 80: 1122-1128.

Torres, C. M., Pico, Y., Redondo, M. J., and Manes, J. (1996). Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Extraction Procedure for Multiresidue Pesticide Analysis in Oranges. Journal of chromatography a 719: 95-103.

Toussaint, M. W., Shedd, T. R., van der Schalie, W. H., Leather, G. R., Felkner, D., and Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola (USA) (1992). A Comparison of the Sensitivity of Rapid Toxicity Screening Tests. 13th Annual Meeting Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry - Abstracts. vp. 1992.

Townsend, B. A. and Carlson, G. P. (1980). Effect of Halogenated Benzenes on Malathion and Malaoxon Toxicity and Metabolism in Mice. Meeting of the american society for pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, rochester, minn., Usa, aug. 17-21, 1980. Pharmacologist 22: 174.

Tran-Minh, C. (1993). Biosensors for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues. Anal proc 30: 73-74.

Travis, C. C. and Arms, A. D. (1988). Bioconcentration of Organics in Beef Milk and Vegetation. Environ sci technol 22: 271-274.

Trim, A. H. and Marcus, J. M. (1990). Integration of Long-Term Fish Kill Data With Ambient Water Quality Monitoring Data and Application to Water Quality Management. Environ manage 14: 389-396.

Tripathi, R. K., Chiu, Y. C., and O'brien, R. D. (1973). Reactivity in Vitro Toward Substrate and Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase Isozymes From Electric Eel Electroplax and Housefly Brain. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 3: 55-60.

Tsang, K. Roger, Ward, Gordon B., Mardan, Ali H. , Harein, Phillip K., Brooks, Marion A., and Jacobson, Lawrence (1985). Establishment and Characterization of a Cell Line From Embryos of the Indianmeal Moth, Plodia Interpunctella. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 46: 180-188.

Tsatsakis, A. M., Aguridakis, P., Michalodimitrakis, M. N., Tsakalov, A. K., Alegakis, A. K., Koumantakis, E., and Troulakis, G. ( 1996). Experiences With Acute Organophosphate Poisonings in Crete. Veterinary and Human Toxicology. Vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 101-107. Apr 1996.

Tsatsakis, A. M., Tzatzarakis, M. N., and Tutudaki, M. ( Pesticide Levels in Head Hair Samples of Cretan Population as an Indicator of Present and Past Exposure. Forensic Sci Int. 2008, Mar 21; 176(1):67-71. [Forensic science international].

Tsezos, M. (1987). Removal of Hazardous Organic Pollutants by Adsorption on Microbial Biomass Au - Bell Jp. Thirteenth biennial conference of the international association on water pollution research and control, part 2, rio de janeiro, brazil, august 17-22, 1986. Water sci technol 19: 409-416.

Tsezos, M. and Bell, J. P. (1991). A Mechanistic Study on the Fate of Malathion Following Interaction With Microbial Biomass. Water Research 25: 1039-1046.

Tsipriyan, V. I. and Martsenyuk, N. K. (1984). Toxicologic Evaluation of Photolytic Pesticide Destruction Products. Gigiena i Sanitariya [GIG. SANIT.]. no. 8, pp. 77-80. 1984.

Tsuda, T., Aoki, S., Kojima, M., and Fujita, T. (1992). Pesticides in Water and Fish From Rivers Flowing Into Lake Biwa (Ii). Chemosphere 24: 1523-1531.

Tu, C. M. (1988). Effects of Selected Pesticides on Activities of Invertase Amylase and Microbial Respiration in Sandy Soil. Chemosphere 17: 159-164.

Tu, C. M. (1994). Effects of Some Insecticides on Microbial Activities in Sandy Soil. Journal of environmental science and health part b pesticides food contaminants and agricultural wastes 29: 281-292.

Tucker, J. D., Auletta, A., Cimino, M. C., Dearfield, K. L., Jacobson-Kram, D., Tice, R. R., and Carrano, A. V. ( Sister-Chromatid Exchange: Second Report of the Gene-Tox Program. Mutat res 1993 sep;297(2):101-80: Mutat Res.

Tumurov, G. L., Zhamsaranova, S. D., Dzantiev, B. B., and Egorov, A. M. (1990). Enzyme Immunoassay of Carbophos Derivatives. Biotekhnologiya 0: 82-84.

Tuomainen, Anneli, Kangas, Juhani A., Meuling, Wim J. A., and Glass, Richard C. (2002). Monitoring of Pesticide Applicators for Potential Dermal Exposure to Malathion and Biomarkers in Urine. Toxicology Letters 134: 125-132.

Tuormaa, T. E. (1995). Adverse Effects of Agrochemicals on Reproduction and Health: a Brief Review From the Literature. Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine (abingdon) 5: 353-366.

Turner, B., Waithman, J., and Segawa, R. ( Environmental Monitoring Results of the Mexican Fruit Fly Eradication Program, San Diego County, Spring 1990. Govt reports announcements & index (gra&i), issue 18, 1991.

Tuschl, Helga and Schwab, Christina E. (2004). Flow Cytometric Methods Used as Screening Tests for Basal Toxicity of Chemicals. Toxicology in Vitro 18: 483-491.

Tyler, P. S. and Green, A. A. (1968). The Effectiveness of Fenitrothion and Malathion as Grain Protectants Under Severe Practical Conditions. Journal of Stored Products Research 4: 119-126.

Tyler, P. S. and Rowlands, D. G. (1967). Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose as a Stabilizer for Malathion Formulations. Journal of Stored Products Research 3: 109-115.

Tytler, N. B. and Tully, S. J. (1993). The Who What Why and How of Waste Analysis. Anal proc 30: 69-71.

Uchida, T., Zschintzsch, J., and O'Brien, R. D. (1966). Relation Between Synergism and Metabolism of Dimethoate in Mammals and Insects. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 8: 259-265.

Ueda, H., Itoh, H., and Tadano, J. (1992). Screening of Organophosphorus Pesticides Using Liquid Chromatography-Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Au - Kawasaki S. J chromatogr 595: 193-202.

Uppal, R. P. and Batra, V. K. (1986). Alteration of Microsomal Metabolism by Malathion. Fourth international congress of toxicology, tokyo, japan, july 21-25, 1986. Toxicol lett (amst) 31: 177.

Uygun, Umran, Koksel, Hamit, and Atli, Ayhan (2005). Residue Levels of Malathion and Its Metabolites and Fenitrothion in Post-Harvest Treated Wheat During Storage, Milling and Baking. Food Chemistry 92: 643-647.

Uygun, Umran, Ozkara, Recep, Ozbey, Ayse, and Koksel, Hamit (2007). Residue Levels of Malathion and Fenitrothion and Their Metabolites in Postharvest Treated Barley During Storage and Malting. Food Chemistry 100: 1165-1169.

Uygun, Umran, Senoz, Berrin, and Koksel, Hamit ( 2008-). Dissipation of organophosphorus pesticides in wheat during pasta processing. Food Chemistry 109: 355-360.

Vaal, M., Van, D. E. R. Wal Jt, Hoekstra, J., and Hermens, J. (1997). Variation in the Sensitivity of Aquatic Species in Relation to the Classification of Environmental Pollutants. Chemosphere 35: 1311-1327.

Valcke, M. and Bouchard, M. ( Determination of No-Observed Effect Level (Noel)-Biomarker Equivalents to Interpret Biomonitoring Data for Organophosphorus Pesticides in Children. Environ Health. 2009; 8:5. [Environmental health : a global access science source].

Vale, J. A. (1998). Toxicokinetic and Toxicodynamic Aspects of Organophosphorus (Op) Insecticide Poisoning. Toxicology letters (shannon) 102-103: 649-652.

Valsaraj, K. T., Thoma, G. J., Reible, D. D., and Thibodeaux, L. J. (1993). On the Enrichment of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds in Fog Droplets. Atmos environ part a gen top 27: 203-210.

Van Dijk H Fg and Guicherit, R. (1999). Atmospheric Dispersion of Current-Use Pesticides: a Review of the Evidence From Monitoring Studies. Water air and soil pollution 115: 21-70.

Van Hemmen Jj and Brouwer, D. H. (1997). Exposure Assessment for Pesticides: Operators and Harvesters Risk Evaluation and Risk Management. Mededelingen faculteit landbouwkundige en toegepaste biologische wetenschappen universiteit gent 62: 113-131.

Van Metre Pc and Callender, E. (1996). Identifying Water-Quality Trends in the Trinity River, Texas, Usa, 1969-1992, Using Sediment Cores From Lake Livingston. Environmental geology 28: 190-200.

Van Wijk Rj and Kraaij, R. (1994). Use of Model Parameter Estimations From Standard Fish Toxicity Tests to Indicate Toxic Mechanisms. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 53: 171-178.

Vasilic, Zelimira, Stengl, Bozena, and Drevenkar, Vlasta (1999). Dimethylphosphorus Metabolites in Serum and Urine of Persons Poisoned by Malathion or Thiometon. Chemico-Biological Interactions 119-120: 479-487.

Venanat, A., Borrel, S., Mallet, J., and Van Neste E (1989). Gel Permeation Chromatography as a Method for the Simultaneous Clean-up of Organochlorine Organophosphate and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues in Fat Extracts. Analusis 17: 64-66.

Venkat, J. A., Shami, S., Davis, K., Nayak, M., Plimmer, J. R., Pfeil, R., and Nair, P. P. *. (1995). Relative Genotoxic Activities of Pesticides Evaluated by a Modified Sos Microplate Assay. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis [ENVIRON. MOL. MUTAG.]. Vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 67-76. 1995.

Venkatadri, R. and Peters, R. W. (1993). Chemical Oxidation Technologies Ultraviolet Light-Hydrogen Peroxide Fenton's Reagent and Titanium Dioxide-Assisted Photocatalysis. Hazard waste hazard mater 10: 107-149.

Vera-Avila, L. E., Vazquez-Lira, J. C., de Llasera, M. G., and Covarrubias, R. (2005). Sol--Gel Immunosorbents Doped With Polyclonal Antibodies for the Selective Extraction of Malathion and Triazines From Aqueous Samples. Environmental Science & Technology [Environ. Sci. Technol.]. Vol. 39, no. 14, pp. 5421-5426. 15 Jul 2005.

Verga, G. R. (1992). Improvements in Flame Photometric Detector Design and Operation: Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues at Low Picogram Levels. Hrc (j high resolut chromatogr) 15: 235-237.

Verhaar, H. Jm, Van Leeuwen Cj, and Hermens, J. Lm (1992). Classifying Environmental Pollutants: Structure-Activity Relationships for Prediction of Aquatic Toxicity. Chemosphere 25: 471-491.

Vermeulen, A. C. (1995). Elaborating Chironomid Deformities as Bioindicators of Toxic Sediment Stress: the Potential Application of Mixture Toxicity Concepts. Annales zoologici fennici 32: 265-285.

Verrin, S. M., Begg, S. J., Ross, P. S., and Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC (Canada) Inst. Ocean. Sci. (2004). Pesticide Use in British Columbia and the Yukon: an Assessment of Types, Applications and Risks to Aquatic Biota.

Viana, E., Molto, J. C., Manes, J., and Font, G. (1993). Clean-up and Confirmation Procedures for Gas Chromatographic Determination of Pesticides Residues in Contaminated Waters Part I. Journal of chromatography a 655: 285-292.

Viana, E., Redondo, M. J., Font, G., and Molto, J. C. (1996). Disks Versus Columns in the Solid-Phase Extraction of Pesticides From Water. Journal of chromatography a 733: 267-274.

Vidair, C. A. (2004). Age Dependence of Organophosphate and Carbamate Neurotoxicity in the Postnatal Rat: Extrapolation to the Human. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology [Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.]. Vol. 196, no. 2, pp. 287-302. 15 Apr 2004.

Videira, R. A., Peca, L. P. S., Antunes-Madeira, M. D. C., and Madeira, V. M. C. (1994 ). Effects of Malathion on Membrane Fluidity and Its Implications for the Mechanisms of Toxicity. Med Sci.Res. 22: 551-553 .

Videira, R. A., Peca, L. Ps, Antunes-Madeira, M. Dc, and Madeira, V. Mc (1994). Effects of Malathion on Membrane Fluidity and Its Implications for the Mechanisms of Toxicity. Medical science research 22: 551-553.

Vighi, M. and Calamari, D. (1987). A Triparametric Equation to Describe Qsars for Heterogeneous Chemical Substances. Chemosphere 16: 1043-1052.

Vighi, M., Garlanda, M. M., and Calamari, D. (1991). Qsars for Toxicity of Organophosphorous Pesticides to Daphnia and Honeybees. Fourth international workshop on qsar (quantitative structure-activity relationships) in environmental toxicology, veldhoven, netherlands, september 16-20, 1990. Sci total environ 109-110: 605-622.

Vilanova, E. and Sogorb, M. A. (1999). The Role of Phosphotriesterases in the Detoxication of Organophosphorus Compounds. Critical reviews in toxicology 29: 21-57.

Villatte, F., Marcel, V., Estrada-Mondaca, S., and Fournier, D. (1998). Engineering Sensitive Acetylcholinesterase for Detection of Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticides. Biosensors & bioelectronics 13: 157-164.

Villen, J., Senorans, F. J., and Herraiz, M. ( Very Large Volume Sample Introduction in Capillary Gas Chromatography Using a Programmed Temperature Injector for Pesticide Analysis.

Vioque-Fernandez, A., Alves de Almeida, E. A., and Lopez-Barea, J. (2007). Esterases as Pesticide Biomarkers in Crayfish (Procambarus Clarkii, Crustacea): Tissue Distribution, Sensitivity to Model Compounds and Recovery From Inactivation. Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C 145: 404-412.

Vitali, M., Guidotti, M., Giovinazzo, R., and Cedrone, O. (1998). Determination of Pesticide Residues in Wine by Spme and Gc for Consumer Risk Assessment./Methods. Food additives and contaminants 15: 280-287.

Vlachojannis, J., Roufogalis, B. D., Chrubasik, S., and Chrubasik, J. (2008). Systematic Review on the Safety of Harpagophytum Preparations for Osteoarthritic and Low Back Pain. Phytotherapy Research 22 : 149-152.

Vlachojannis Julia E., Cameron, M., Chrubasik, S., and Chrubasik, S. (2009). A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of Willow Bark for Musculoskeletal Pain. Phytotherapy Research, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 897-900, 2009.

Vogel, E. W., Graf, U., Frei, H. J., and Nivard, M. M. ( The Results of Assays in Drosophila as Indicators of Exposure to Carcinogens. Iarc sci publ 1999(146):427-70: IARC Sci Publ .

Vogel, J. R., Majewski, M. S., and Capel, P. D. (2008). Pesticides in Rain in Four Agricultural Watersheds in the United States. J.Environ.Qual. 37: 1101-1115.

Vogel, J. R., Majewski, M. S., and Capel, P. D. (2008). Pesticides in Rain in Four Agricultural Watersheds in the United States. J.Environ.Qual. 37: 1101-1115.

Vosough-Ghanbari, Sanaz, Sayyar, Parisa, Pournourmohammadi, Shirin, Aliahmadi, Atousa, Ostad, Seyed Nasser, and Abdollahi, Mohammad (2007). Stimulation of insulin and glucagon synthesis in rat Langerhans islets by malathion in vitro: Evidence for mitochondrial interaction and involvement of subcellular non-cholinergic mechanisms. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 89: 130-136.

Wagenet, R. J. and Hutson, J. L. (1990). Quantifying Pesticide Behavior in Soil. Cook, r. J. (Ed.). Annual review of phytopathology, vol. 28. X+493p. Annual reviews inc.: Palo alto, california, usa. Illus. Maps. Isbn 0-8243-1328-3. 0: 295-320.

Wagner, E. D., McMillian, S. M., and Plewa, M. J. (2005). Cytotoxicity of Organophosphorus Ester (Op) Insecticides and Cotoxic Synergism of 2-Acetoxyacetylaminofluorene (2aaaf) in Chinese Hamster Ovary (Cho) Cells. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 75: 329-334.

Waliszewski, S. M., Aguirre, A. A., Infanzon, R. M., Rivera, J., and Infanzon, R. (1998). Time Trend of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Human Adipose Tissue in Veracruz, Mexico: 1988-1997 Survey. Science of the Total Environment [Sci. Total Environ.]. Vol. 221, no. 2-3, pp. 201-204. 8 Oct 1998.

Walker, C. H. (1998). The Use of Biomarkers to Measure the Interactive Effects of Chemicals. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 40: 65-70.

Walker, C. H. and Johnston, G. O. (1989). Interactive Effects of Pollutants at the Toxicokinetic Level--Implications for the Marine Environment. Marine Environmental Research 28: 521-525.

Walker, W. W. (1976). Chemical and Microbiological Degradation of Malathion and Parathion in an Estuarine Environment. J. Environ. Qual. Vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 210-216. 1976.

Wall, G. R. and Phillips, P. J. (1998). Pesticides in the Hudson River Basin, 1994-96. Northeastern geology and environmental sciences 20: 299-307.

Walsh, A. H. and Ribelin, W. E. (1973). Lesions of Pesticide Poisoning in Fish. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 25: 485 (ABS).

Walter, Z. and Wiszkowska, H. (1990). Effect of Malathion on the Initiation and Elongation Steps of Transcription. Annual meeting of the polish biochemical society, torun, poland, september 1989. Acta biochim pol 37: 73-76.

Walters, S. M. (1990). Clean-up Techniques for Pesticides in Fatty Foods. Anal chim acta 236: 77-82.

Wan, H. (1990). Small-Scale Method for the Determination of Organophosphorus Insecticides in Tea Using Sulfuric Acid as Clean-up Reagent. J chromatogr 516: 446-449.

Wan, H. B., Wong, M. K., and Mok, C. Y. (1994). Mercury(Ii) Ion-Promoted Hydrolysis of Some Organophosphorus Pesticides. Pesticide science 42: 93-99.

Wan, M. T., Szeto, S., and Price, P. (1994). Organophosphorus Insecticide Residues in Farm Ditches of the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia. Journal of environmental science and health part b pesticides food contaminants and agricultural wastes 29: 917-949.

Wang, C. K. and Lee, S. E. (1997). Evaluation of Granular Activated Carbon Adsorber Design Criteria for Removal of Organics Based on Pilot and Small-Scale Studies. Water science and technology 35: 227-234.

Wang, L., Lee, F. S. C., Yin, Y. F., Xu, X. Q., Zhou, W. H., and Wang, X. R. (2007). Organophosphate Pesticide Residue Monitoring and Risk Assessment in the Sea-Water From Laizhou Bay. Journal of Safety and Environment/Anquan Yu Huanjing Xuebao [J. Safety Environ./Anquan Yu Huanjing Xuebao]. Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 83. Jun 2007.

Wang, L., Liang, Y., and Jiang, X. ( Analysis of Eight Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Fresh Vegetables Retailed in Agricultural Product Markets of Nanjing, China. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2008, Oct; 81(4):377-82. [Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology].

Wang, L., Zhao, Z., Jiang, X., Wu, J., and Martens, D. (2005). Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Two Arable Soils From the Semi-Arid and Subtropical Regions of China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 109 (1-3) pp. 317-328, 2005.

Wang, T. (1991). Assimilation of Malathion in the Indian River Estuary, Florida. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 238-243. 1991.

Wang, T. C. and Hoffman, M. E. (1991). Degradation of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Coastal Water. J assoc off anal chem 74: 883-886.

Wang, X., Zhao, X., Liu, X., Li, Y., Fu, L., Hu, J., and Huang, C. ( Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Extraction Combined With Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector for the Determination of Three Pesticide Residues in Soils. Anal Chim Acta. 2008, Jul 14; 620(1-2):162-9. [Analytica chimica acta].

Ward T. R., Ferris D. J., Tilson H. A., and Mundy W. R. (1993). Correlation of the Anticholinesterase Activity of a Series of Organophosphates With Their Ability to Compete With Agonist Binding to Muscarinic Receptors. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 122: 300-307.

Ward, T. R., Ferris, D. J., Tilson, H. A., Padilla, S., and Mundy, W. R. (1992). Comparison of Organophosphate Interactions With Ache and Muscarinic Receptors. 22nd annual meeting of the society for neuroscience, anaheim, california, usa, october 25-30, 1992. Soc neurosci abstr 18: 1605.

Ward, T. R. and Mundy, W. R. (1996). Organophosphorus Compounds Preferentially Affect Second Messenger Systems Coupled to M2/M4 Receptors in Rat Frontal Cortex. Brain Res.Bull. 39: 49-55.

Ward, T. R. and Mundy, W. R. (1996). Organophosphorus Compounds Preferentially Affect Second Messenger Systems Coupled to M24 Receptors in Rat Frontal Cortex. Brain research bulletin 39: 49-55.

Ward, T. R., Padilla, S., and Mundy, W. R. (1993). Paraoxon and Malaoxon Inhibit Camp Formation but Do Not Affect Inositol Phosphate Accumulation in Rat Brain Cortical Slices. 23rd annual meeting of the society for neuroscience, washington, d.c., Usa, november 7-12, 1993. Society for neuroscience abstracts 19: 461.

Ware, G. W. (1991). Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Vol. 118. Ware, g. W. (Ed.). Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology, vol. 118. Ix+158p. Springer-verlag new york inc.: New york, new york, usa Berlin, germany. Illus. Isbn 0-387-97447-4; isbn 3-540-97447-4.; 0: Ix+158p.

Waseem, A., Yaqoob, M., and Nabi, A. ( Flow-Injection Determination of Carbaryl and Carbofuran Based on Kmno(4)-Na(2)So(3) Chemiluminescence Detection. Luminescence. 2007 jul-aug; 22(4):349-54. [Luminescence : the journal of biological and chemical luminescence]: Luminescence.

Watanabe, M., Takebe, S., Kim, D. H., Kobashi, K., Arakawa, R., and Kamimura, K. ( Pseudo-Type Acetylcholinesterase From Insecticide-Resistant Culex Tritaeniorhynchus.

Watanabe, T. (1998). Determination of the Concentration of Pesticides in Atmosphere at High Altitudes After Aerial Application. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 60: 669-676.

Waters, Michael D., Bergman, Hinda B., and Nesnow, Stephen (1988). The Genetic Toxicology of Gene-Tox Non-Carcinogens. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology 205: 139-182.

Waters, R. D., Crutcher, M. R., and Parker, F. L. (1993). Hazard Ranking Systems for Chemical Wastes and Chemical Waste Sites. Saxena, j. (Ed.). Hazard assessment of chemicals, vol. 8. Xii+332p. Taylor & francis inc.: Bristol, pennsylvania, usa London, england, uk. Isbn 1-56032-271-3.; 0: 115-170.

Watson, J. E. (1996). Pesticides as a Source of Pollution. Pepper, i. L., C. P. Gerba and m. L. Brusseau (ed.). Pollution science. Xxiv+397p. Academic press, inc.: San diego, california, usa London, england, uk. Isbn 0-12-550660-0.; 0: 253-266.

Weber, J. B. (1977). The Pesticide Scorecard. Toxicological Effects, Biological Distributions, and the Fate of These Chemicals Can Be Quantified in a Simplified, Straightforward Manner. Environ.Sci.Technol. 11: 756-761.

Weber, J. B., Best, J. A., and Gonese, J. U. (1993). Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Sorbed Organic Chemicals. Sssa special publication 0: 153-196.

Wegman, R. Cc and Melis, P. H Am (1986). Organic Pollutants in Water. Crit rev anal chem 16: 281-322.

Wegner, S. J. and Campbell, L. J. (1991). Radionuclides, Chemical Constituents, and Organic Compounds in Water From Designated Wells and Springs From the Southern Boundary of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory to the Hagerman Area, Idaho, 1989.

Weinbaum, Z., Schenker, M. B., O'malley, M. A., Gold, E. B., and Samuels, S. J. (1995). Determinants of Disability in Illnesses Related to Agricultural Use of Organophosphates (Ops) in California. American journal of industrial medicine 28: 257-274.

Weis, J. S. and Weis, P. (1989). Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Early Fish Development. Rev aquat sci 1: 45-74.

Weiss, C. M. and Gakstatter, J. H. (1965). The Decay of Anticholinesterase Activity of Organic Phosphorus Insecticides on Storage in Water of Different Ph. In: Proc.2nd Int.Water Pollut.Res.Conf., August 1964, Tokyo Adv.Water Pollut.Res. 1: 83-102.

Wenda-Rozewicka, L. (1982). Dna Content in the Mouse Spermatogonia B and Spermatid Nuclei During Treatment With Insecticides. Folia Histochemica et Cytochemica [FOLIA HISTOCHEM. CYTOCHEM.]. Vol. 20, no. 3-4, pp. 89-102. 1982.

Wenzel, A., Nendza, M., Hartmann, P., and Kanne, R. (1997). Test-Battery for the Assessment of Aquatic Toxicity. Chemosphere 35: 307-322.

Weres, O. and Pocekay, J. ( Decontamination System Utilizing Hydrogen Peroxide, Uv Light and Catalytic Surfaces. Govt reports announcements & index (gra&i), issue 14, 2092.

Werner, I., Deanovic, L. A., Connor, V., De Vlaming, V., Bailey, H. C., and Hinton, D. E. (2000). Insecticide-Caused Toxicity to Ceriodaphnia Dubia (Cladocera) in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, California, Usa. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry [Environ. Toxicol. Chem.]. Vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 215-227. Jan 2000.

Wester, R. C., Melendres, J., Serranzana, S., and Maibach, H. I. (1994). Time-Response Necessary in Validation for Extraction of Pesticides from Cloth Patches Used in Field Exposure Studies. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 27: 276-280.

Wester, R. C., Melendres, J., Serranzana, S., and Maibach, H. I. (1994 ). Time-Response Necessary in Validation for Extraction of Pesticides From Cloth Patches Used in Field Exposure Studies. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 27: 276-280.

Wester, R. C., Quan, D., and Maibach, H. I. (1996). In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption of Model Compounds Glyphosate and Malathion From Cotton Fabric Into and Through Human Skin. Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 731-735. Aug 1996.

White, N. D. G. and Nowicki, T. W. (1985). Effects of Temperature and Duration of Storage on the Degradation of Malathion Residues in Dry Rapeseed. Journal of Stored Products Research 21: 111-114.

White, N. Dg (1985). Research on Contact Insecticides Used as Structural Treatments to Control Stored-Product Insects. Annual meeting of the canadian society of pest management, winnipeg, manit., Canada, aug. 20-22, 1984. Can j plant sci 65: 813-814.

White, N. Dg ( Uptake of Malathion and Pirimiphos-Methyl by Rye Wheat or Triticale Stored on Treated Surfaces. J econ entomol; 78 (6). 1985 (recd. 1986). 1315-1319.

White, N. Dg, Jayas, D. S., Mills, J. T., and Dronzek, B. L. (1992). Effects of Canola Oil or White Mineral Oil at Dust Suppressant Levels on the Storage Characteristics of Wheat. Cereal chem 69: 182-187.

Who ( Specifications for Pesticides Used in Public Health Insecticides Molluscicides Repellents Methods Sixth Edition. Who. Specifications for pesticides used in public health: insecticides, molluscicides, repellents, methods, sixth edition. 384p. Who: geneva, switzerland. Illus. Paper. Isbn 92-4-156084-3.; 0 (0). 1985 (recd. 1986). 384p.

Who Expert Comm Vector Biol Control (1990). Chemistry and Specifications of Pesticides Thirteenth Report of the Who Expert Committee on Vector Biology and Control. Who tech rep ser 0: 1-77.

Whyard, S., Downe, A. E. R., and Walker, V. K. *. (1995). Characterization of a Novel Esterase Conferring Insecticide Resistance in the Mosquito Culex Tarsalis. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology [ARCH. INSECT BIOCHEM. PHYSIOL.]. Vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 329-342. 1995.

Whyard S. and Walker V. K. (1994). Characterization of Malathion Carboxylesterase in the Sheep Blowfly Lucilia Cuprina. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 50: 198-206.

Wiaderkiewicz, R., Walter, Z., and Reimschussel, W. (1986). Sites of Methylation of Dna Bases by the Action of Organophosphorus Insecticides in-Vitro. Acta biochim pol 33: 73-86.

Wiendl, F. M. and Sgrillo, R. B. (1982). Degradation of Malathion by Gama Radiation of Cobalt-60. CIENC. CULT. Vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 917-921. 1982.

Wilkins, J. Pg and Mason, D. J. (1987). A Study of the Trans-Esterification Products of Malathion by Capillary Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Pestic sci 20: 259-270.

Williams, D. J., Bevilacqua, V. L., Creasy, W. R., Mcgarvey, D. J., and Rice, J. S. ( Use of Alum Mixtures for Removal and Decontamination of Vx and Ql in Aqueous Solutions. Govt reports announcements & index (gra&i), issue 22, 2006.

Williams, G. H., Glotfelty, D. E., and Glenn, S. (1986). Pesticide Washout in Rain. 191st american chemical society national meeting, new york, n.y., Usa, apr. 13-18, 1986. Abstr pap am chem soc 191: No pagination.

Willington, S. E., Zajac, W., Mcgregor, D. B., and Combes, R. D. ( Method and Criteria for Assessing the Activity of Chemicals in the V79 Metabolic Cooperation Assay. Mutat res 216:283,1989: MUTAT RES.

Wilson, B. W. and Stinnett, H. O. ( Growth and Respiration of Monolayer Cell Curltures of Chick Embryo Heart Muscle and Skeletal Muscle: Action of Malathion and Malaoxon. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med.; 130(1), 30-4, 1969; (ref:13).

Wilson, B. W. and Walker, N. E. (1966). Toxicity of Malathion and Mercaptosuccinate to Growth of Chick Embryo Cells In Vitro . Proc.Soc.Exp.Biol.Med. 121: 1260-1264.

Wilson, R. E., Crowley, H. A., Brownawell, B. J. , and Swanson, R. L. (2005). Simulations of Transient Pesticide Concentrations in Long Island Sound for Late Summer 1999 With a High Resolution Coastal Circulation Model. Journal of Shellfish Research [J. Shellfish Res.]. Vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 865-875. Oct 2005.

Wing, K. D., Glickman, A. H., and Casida, J. E. (1984). Phosphorothiolate Pesticides and Related Compounds: Oxidative Bioactivation and Aging of the Inhibited Acetylcholinesterase. Pestic biochem physiol 21: 22-30.

Winger, P. V. and Andreasen, J. K. (1985). Contaminant Residues in Fish and Sediments From Lakes in the Atchafalaya River Basin Louisiana Usa. Arch environ contam toxicol 14: 579-586 .

Wintersteen, W. K. and Foster, D. E. (1992). Degradation of Malathion as a Function of Grain Drying Systems. J econ entomol 85: 1015-1022.

Wirth, M. C., Marquine, M., Georghiou, G. P., and Pasteur, N. (1990). Esterases A2 and B2 in Culex Quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae): Role in Organophosphate Resistance and Linkage. J med entomol 27: 202-206.

Wiszkowska, H., Kubiak, A., and Walter, Z. ( The Influence of Organophosphorus Compounds on Rna Synthesis in Isolated Cell Nuclei. Genet pol; 25 (4). 1984 (recd. 1985). 319-326.

Wiszkowska, Hanna, Kulamowicz, Irena, Malinowska, Alicja, and Walter, Zofia (1986). The Effect of Malathion on Rna Polymerase Activity of Cell Nuclei and Transcription Products in Lymphocyte Culture. Environmental Research 41: 372-377.

Wittmann, C., Riedel, K., and Schmid, R. D. (1997). Microbial and Enzyme Sensors for Environmental Monitoring. Kress-rogers, e. (Ed.). Handbook of biosensors and electronic noses: medicine, food, and the environment. Xxi+695p. Crc press, inc.: Boca raton, florida, usa London, england, uk. Isbn 0-8493-8905-4.; 0: 299-332.

Wittmann, C. and Schmid, R. D. (1997). Bioaffinity Sensors for Environmental Monitoring. Kress-rogers, e. (Ed.). Handbook of biosensors and electronic noses: medicine, food, and the environment. Xxi+695p. Crc press, inc.: Boca raton, florida, usa London, england, uk. Isbn 0-8493-8905-4.; 0: 333-347.

Wojtysiak, M., Wiszkowska, H., and Walter, Z. (1987). Effect of Malathion on Dna Isolated From Transcriptionally Active and Inactive Chromatin From Calf Thymus. Stud biophys 120: 43-49.

Wolf, M., Deleu, R., and Copin, A. ( Separation of Pesticides by Capillary Gas Chromatography. Part 2. Organophosphorus Insecticides. J. High resolut. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 4(7): 346-347 1981 (11 references).

Wolfe, N. L., Zepp, R. G., Gordon, J. A., Baughman, G. L., and Cline, D. M. (1977). Kinetics of Chemical Degradation of Malathion in Water. Environ.Sci.Technol. 11: 88-93.

Wong, P. K., Wai, C. C., and Liong, E. (1989). Comparative Study on Mutagenicities of Organophosphorus Insecticides in Salmonella. Chemosphere 18: 2413-2422.

Woo, Y. T., Lai, D. Y., Argus, M. F., and Arcos, J. C. (1996). Carcinogenicity of Organophosphorus Pesticides-Compounds an Analysis of Their Structure-Activity Relationships. Journal of environmental science and health part c environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews 14: 1-42.

Wood, A. B. and Kanagasabapathy, L. (1983). Evaluation of Inexpensive Thin-Layer Chromatographic Procedures for the Estimation of Some Organophosphorus and Carbamate Insecticide Residues in Fruit and Vegetables. Pestic sci 14: 108-118.

Woodham, D. W., Robinson, H. F., Reeves, R. G., Bond, C. A., and Richardson, H. (1977). Monitoring Agricultural Insecticides in the Cooperative Cotton Pest Management Program in Arizona, 1971 - First-Year Study. Pestic.Monit.J. 10: 159-167.

Wool, D., Brower, J. H., and Kamin-Belsky, N. ( The Genetic Impact of Immigrant Males on Resident Populations of the Almond Moth Ephestia-Cautella. 4th international conference on stored-product protection, tel aviv, israel, september 21-26, 1986. Phytoparasitica; 14 (4). 1986 (recd. 1987). 354.

Wool, David and Front, Lilach (2003). Esterase Variation in Tribolium Confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Genetic Analysis of Interstrain Crosses in Relation to Malathion Resistance. Journal of Stored Products Research 39: 237-249.

Worek, F., Diepold, C., and Eyer, P. (1999). Dimethylphosphoryl-Inhibited Human Cholinesterases: Inhibition, Reactivation, and Aging Kinetics. Archives of Toxicology [Arch. Toxicol.]. Vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 7-14. 22 Mar 1999.

Worek, F., Kirchner, T., Baecker, M., and Szinicz, L. (1996). Reactivation by Various Oximes of Human Erythrocyte Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Different Organophosphorus Compounds. Archives of toxicology 70: 497-503.

Worthing, C. R. (1991). The Pesticide Manual a World