Appendix H: Collapsed Categories for Open-Ended Responses
QUESTION: What do you think are the most important problems facing this country?
VALUES
|
CATEGORIES
|
1
|
AGRICULTURAL
|
2
|
ECONOMICS; BUSINESS; CONSUMER ISSUES
(includes foreign investment, tariffs/protection of
U.S. industries, international trade deficit/balance
of payments, immigration, interstate commerce/transportation; does not
include unemployment [09], defense spending [03], foreign [03] or government spending on domestic social welfare [09])
|
3
|
FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
(includes: foreign aid, defense spending, the space
program; does not include: international trade
deficit [02])
|
4
|
GOVERNMENT FUNCTIONING
(not "the economy" [02])
|
5
|
LABOR ISSUES
(not unemployment [09])
|
6
|
NATURAL RESOURCES
|
7
|
PUBLIC ORDER
(includes: crime, drugs, civil liberties and non
racial civil rights, women's rights, abortion
rights, gun control, family/social/religious/moral
'decay,' church and state, etc.)
|
8
|
RACIAL PROBLEMS
(note: this primarily includes civil rights issues
and racial equality; monetary assistance to
minorities is primarily found in code 9, however
there is a slight overlap: see Note 7 for specific
codes; note especially 1988 code 300 and 1966-1972 codes 61-63)
|
9
|
SOCIAL WELFARE
(includes: population, child care, aid to education,
the elderly, health care, housing, poverty,
unemployment, 'welfare' etc.)
|
97
|
Other problems (incl. specific campaign issues)
|
QUESTION: Is there anything in particular that you like about the Republican [or Democrat] party [or
candidate]?
VALUES
|
CATEGORIES
|
11
|
People within party (0001-0097)
|
12
|
Party characteristics (0101-0197)
|
21
|
Candidate experience, ability (0201-0297)
|
22
|
Candidate leadership qualities (0301-0397)
|
23
|
Candidate personal qualities (0401-0498)
|
24
|
Candidate party connections (0500-0597)
|
31
|
Government management (0601-0697)
|
32
|
Government activity/philosophy (0801-0897)
|
33
|
Domestic policies (0901-1097)
|
34
|
Foreign policies (1101-1199,1300-1310)
|
35
|
Group connections (1201-1299)
|
40
|
Miscellaneous (0701-0797,8877)
|
50
|
Events unique to one campaign (5001-5004)
|
Appendix I: Selected Chapter 5 Issue Distance Measures
TABLE I.1: SPENDING Distance Measures
MODEL: Distance = Year
|
N
|
Intercept
|
Parameter
Estimate
|
Standard Error
|
R2
|
SPENDING – Respondent Placements
|
R Spending Self Placement
|
11
|
-25.253
|
.015
|
|
0.012
|
.147
|
Democratic Party Position
|
11
|
-1.484
|
0.003
|
|
0.005
|
.039
|
Democratic Prez Cand Position
|
6
|
3.451
|
0.001
|
|
0.005
|
.006
|
Republican Party Position
|
11
|
-6.009
|
0.005
|
|
0.008
|
.035
|
Republican Prez Cand Position
|
6
|
-33.148
|
0.018
|
|
0.015
|
.276
|
SPENDING - Respondent Relative Distance from Parties & Candidates
|
R – DP (Dem Party)
|
11
|
-20.005
|
0.010
|
|
0.013
|
.059
|
R – DPC (Dem Prez Cand)
|
6
|
-33.08
|
0.016
|
*
|
0.008
|
.503
|
R – DHC (Dem House Cand)
|
9
|
-30.657
|
0.015
|
|
0.014
|
.142
|
R – DSC (Dem Sen Cand)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
-
|
-
|
R – RP (Rep Party)
|
11
|
-26.362
|
0.014
|
|
0.011
|
.148
|
R – RPC (Rep Prez Cand)
|
6
|
-13.510
|
0.007
|
|
0.014
|
.061
|
R- RHC (Rep House Cand)
|
9
|
-37.660
|
0.019
|
***
|
0.006
|
.594
|
R – RSC (Rep Sen Cand)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
-
|
-
|
SPENDING - Respondent Relative Partisan Proximity (Rep Distance – Dem Distance)
|
|R – RP| – |R – DP|
|
11
|
-5.673
|
0.003
|
|
0.011
|
.008
|
|R – RPC| – |R – DPC|
|
6
|
-12.678
|
0.006
|
|
0.009
|
.105
|
|R – RHC| – |R – DHC|
|
9
|
-1.639
|
0.001
|
|
0.010
|
.003
|
|R – RSC| – |R – DSC|
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
-
|
-
|
SPENDING – Total Relative Partisan Distance (Rep Distance + Dem Distance)
|
|R – RP| + |R – DP|
|
9
|
-15.288
|
0.008
|
|
0.012
|
.068
|
|R – RPC| + |R – DPC|
|
6
|
52.959
|
-0.025
|
|
0.016
|
.383
|
|R – RHC| + |R – DHC|
|
9
|
36.712
|
-0.016
|
**
|
0.007
|
.428
|
|R – RSC| + |R – DSC|
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
-
|
-
|
* significant at .10 level
** significant at .05 level
***significant at .01 level
TABLE I.2: DEFENSE SPENDING Distance Measures
MODEL: Distance = Year
|
N
|
Intercept
|
Parameter
Estimate
|
Standard Error
|
R2
|
DEFENSE SPENDING – Respondent Placements
|
R Defense Spending Self Placement
|
11
|
-0.090
|
0.002
|
|
0.024
|
.001
|
Democratic Party Position
|
10
|
-4.061
|
0.004
|
|
0.008
|
.026
|
Democratic Prez Cand Position
|
7
|
-25.009
|
0.014
|
|
0.014
|
.174
|
Republican Party Position
|
10
|
18.881
|
-0.006
|
|
0.010
|
.054
|
Republican Prez Cand Position
|
7
|
27.999
|
-0.011
|
|
0.022
|
.053
|
DEFENSE SPENDING - Respondent Relative Distance from Parties & Candidates
|
R – DP (Dem Party)
|
10
|
-9.697
|
0.005
|
|
0.020
|
.008
|
R – DPC (Dem Prez Cand)
|
7
|
34.820
|
-0.0117
|
|
0.024
|
.090
|
R – DHC (Dem House Cand)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
-
|
-
|
R – DSC (Dem Sen Cand)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
-
|
-
|
R – RP (Rep Party)
|
10
|
-22.809
|
0.011
|
|
0.025
|
.023
|
R – RPC (Rep Prez Cand)
|
7
|
-7.559
|
0.003
|
|
0.028
|
.003
|
R- RHC (Rep House Cand)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
-
|
-
|
R – RSC (Rep Sen Cand)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
-
|
-
|
DEFENSE SPENDING - Respondent Relative Partisan Proximity (Rep Distance – Dem Distance)
|
|R – RP| – |R – DP|
|
10
|
15.186
|
-0.008
|
|
0.016
|
0.027
|
|R – RPC| – |R – DPC|
|
10
|
-15.469
|
0.008
|
|
0.021
|
.028
|
|R – RHC| – |R – DHC|
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
-
|
-
|
|R – RSC| – |R – DSC|
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
-
|
-
|
DEFENSE SPENDING – Total Relative Partisan Distance (Rep Distance + Dem Distance)
|
|R – RP| + |R – DP|
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
-
|
-
|
|R – RPC| + |R – DPC|
|
7
|
76.156
|
-0.037
|
|
0.045
|
.118
|
|R – RHC| + |R – DHC|
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
-
|
-
|
|R – RSC| + |R – DSC|
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
-
|
-
|
* significant at .10 level
** significant at .05 level
***significant at .01 level
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