Atlantic South America Section 1 – Physical Geography The Big Idea: The physical geography of Atlantic South America includes large river systems, plains and plateaus, and the Amazon rain forest



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Atlantic South America

Section 1 – Physical Geography

The Big Idea: The physical geography of Atlantic South America includes large river systems, plains and plateaus, and the Amazon rain forest.

Main Ideas

  • Physical features of Atlantic South America include large rivers, plateaus, and plains.

  • Climate and vegetation in the region ranges from cool, dry plains to warm, humid forests.

  • The rain forest is a major source of nature resources.

Physical features of Atlantic South America include large _______________, _______________, and _____________.

  • Atlantic South America includes Brazil, __________________, Uruguay, and ________________.

  • The region covers ______________ of South America.

  • Brazil occupies almost _________________ of the continent.

Major River Systems

  • The world’s largest river system

  • Flows eastward across northern Brazil through Peru to the __________________ Ocean

  • ______________________ miles long

  • Carries more water than any other river: _____________ of Earth’s surface water

  • Lowers the salt level of the Atlantic Ocean for more than 100 miles

  • Paraná River flows into Rio de la Plata and the Atlantic Ocean

  • Paraná River drains central part of South America

  • Rio de la Plata is an ________________________, or partially enclosed body of water where freshwater mixes with salty sea water.

Plains and Plateaus

  • The land of South America is mostly _________________ and _______________.

  • The Amazon Basin in ________________ Brazil is a giant floodplain.

  • The Brazilian Highlands are rugged, old, eroded mountain and a high plain area called the ________ __________ Plateau.

  • Farther south are the low plains known as ______________ ______________

  • Argentina is home to the wide, grassy plains of the __________________ and the dry plains and plateaus of _____________________.

  • All these plains rise in the west to form the high ____________________ Mountains.

Climate and vegetation in the region ranges from ______ ______, dry plains to warm ________________ forest.

General Climate



Argentina

  • Patagonia has a cool, _________________ climate.

  • Rich soils in _________________ ______________________ Pampas are good for farming.

  • In Gran Chaco, summer rains can turn here humid, tropical plains into marshlands.

Brazil

  • Central region is ______________ _____________ climate with grasslands.

  • Amazon Basin’s tropical climate in northern Brazil supports the world’s largest ___________________

The rain forest is a major source of ____________________ ______________.

  • Amazon rain forest provides ____________, wood, rubber, plants for medicines, and other products.

  • ___________________, or the clearing of trees has become a problem.

  • Near coastal areas, the land supports _____________________ farming.

  • Planting the same crop ever year has caused soil ________________, which means the soil is infertile because it has lost ______________________ needed by the plants.

  • Other resources: _______________, silver, copper, _____________ and oil.

  • Dams provide _______________________________ power.

Section 2 – Brazil

The Big Idea: The influence of Brazil’s history can be seen all over the country in its people and culture.

Main Ideas

  • Brazil’s history has been affected by Brazilian Indians, Portuguese settlers, and enslaved Africans.

  • Brazil’s society reflects a mix of people and cultures.

  • Brazil today is experiencing population growth in its cities and new development in rain forest areas.

Brazil’s history has been affected by Brazilian Indians, Portuguese _____________, and enslaved ______________.

Colonial Brazil



  • First people: ________________ Indians arrived many thousands of years ago and hunted, fished and farmed.

  • 1500: _______________ explorers arrived.

  • Colonists brought Africans to work as slaves on _________________ plantations.

  • Colonists established __________________ inland.

  • In the late 1600s and early 1700s: People discovered _______________ and _______________.

  • Late 1800s: Brazil began producing __________________.

Since Independence:

  • 1822: Brazil won independence from ____________________________ without war.

  • Economy did not change and ____________________ continued.

  • Brazil has been ruled by _________________ and elected officials.

  • Today, Brazil has an elected ___________________ and legislature.

  • Brazil is the __________________ country in South America.

  • It has _______________ million people – more than all the other countries combined.

Brazil’s society reflects a mix of _______________________ and cultures.

  • More than half of people are descended from Portugal, ___________________, Germany, Italy or Poland.

  • Nearly _________________ percent are of mixed African and _____________________ descent.

  • Brazil has the largest ______________________ population outside of Japan.

  • Official language: _____________________

  • Others speak Spanish, English, French, Japanese or native languages.

Religion

  • About 70 percent are ___________________ ________________

  • Protestantism is growing in popularity among urban poor.

  • Some practice macumba, a religion that combines African, Brazilian, Indian and Christian beliefs and practices.

Festivals and Food

  • Brazilians celebrate __________________________ before Lent.

  • Carnival mixes African, native and European ____________________ (e.g. the _____________ adapted from Africa)

  • Cultural mix can be found in foods: vatapá, an African seafood dish, and feijoada, a black bean and meat stew.

Brazil today is experiencing population growth in its cities and new development in rain forest areas.

The Southeast



  • Most people live in the ____________________.

  • Sao Paulo, the largest urban center in South America; ____________ largest in the world

    • a ________________, or giant urban area that includes surrounding cities and suburbs

  • Rio de Janeiro, the _________________ largest city in Brazil; Capital from 1822-1960;

  • richest region from _________________________ and good farmland

  • Poor people come to the cities for work

  • They live in slums called ____________________

The Northeast

  • Brazil’s __________________ region

  • Illiteracy and health care are a problem

  • ________________ make farming and raising livestock difficult.

  • Region’s beautiful beaches attract _______________________.

  • Old colonial cities also attract tourists.

  • These were built during the days of the _________________ industry.

  • They feature brightly painted _________________________, cobblestone streets and churches.

The Interior

  • The interior is a _____________________________.

  • Mild climate and land may make it good for __________________________ in the future.

  • Brasilia, Brazil’s capital

    • More than _______________________________ people

    • Build to help develop the interior

    • Modern buildings and busy _______________________

The Amazon

  • Manaus

    • Major port and industrial city

    • More than ______________________________ people

  • Indian villages are scattered throughout the rain forest.

  • Indian had little contact with outsiders until recently.

  • ____________________________, mining, and new roads are bringing more people.

  • The development brings income, but __________________ the rain forest.

Section 3 – Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay

The Big Idea: Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay have been influenced by European immigration, a tradition of ranching, and large urban populations.

Main Ideas:

European immigrants have dominated the history and culture of Argentina.

Argentina’s capital, Buenos Aires, plays a large role in the country’s governments and economy today.

Uruguay has been influenced by its neighbors.

Paraguay is the most rural country in the region.

European immigrants have dominated the history and culture of Argentina.

  • Indians hunted in the ______________________ and further north build irrigation systems for farming.

  • Few native people remain.

  • 1500s: _______________________ came to Argentina to find silver and ____________________.

  • Spanish monarch granted land to colonists, who forced ______________________ to work in their settlements.

  • Gauchos, Argentine ____________________, herded cattle and horses on the open grasslands of the Pampas.

  • 1800s: Argentina gained ______________________, but violence and instability killed or drove away the Indians.

Modern Argentina

  • New immigrants arrived from _____________________, Germany and _____________________.

  • British helped build _______________________ that made it easier to transport agricultural products such as _____________ for export.

  • 1900s: Argentina was rich, but struggled under dictator and military governments.

  • Leaders like Eva Perón were popular, but many abused human rights.

  • 1970s: During the “Dirty War,” the government tortured and killed people believed to disagree with the government.

  • 1980s: Argentina’s last military government

People and Culture

  • Most of Argentina’s _____________ million people are descended from _____________________ settlers.

  • Argentine Indians and ______________ make up 3 percent of the population.

  • Most people are __________________ ________________

  • ________________, a major export, is also part of the culture.

Argentina's capital, Buenos Aires, plays a large role in the country's government and economy today.

Buenos Aires



  • Capital

  • _________________ largest urban area in South America

  • Home to most of Argentina's industry

  • Its location near coast and ___________________ has contributed to economic development.

  • Most developed ________________________region

  • About _______________ percent of labor force works in agriculture.

  • Exports: ____________________, _____________________ and _________________

Economy and Government Policies

  • 1900s: Government made reforms to help business grow.

  • Argentina joined Mercosur, an organization that promotes trade and economic cooperation among southern and eastern countries of South America.

  • Late 1990s/early 2000s: heavy debt and government spending brought on economic crisis.

  • 2001: Political crisis results. Government changed hands _______________ times.

  • 2003: Economy stabilized, but professionals had lost jobs and joined the informal economy, a part of the economy based on odd jobs that people perform without government regulation through taxes.

Uruguay had been influenced by its neighbors.

History


  • Its capital ______________________, close to Buenos Aires

  • Portugal conquered Uruguay, but _________________ took over in 1770s

  • __________________ Uruguayan Indians remained.

  • __________________: independence

  • Military governments have ruled off and on

  • Today it is a ___________________________

People

  • Most are descended from ___________________________

  • About _________ percent mestizo, Indians or African

  • Mostly ___________________ ______________________, Spanish-speaking

  • More than 90 percent live in ________________ areas

  • High literacy rate and many good jobs.

Economy

  • More than half of Uruguay's trade is with __________________ and _____________________

  • Exports beef grown on inland plains

  • Some limited industry

  • Few ____________________ resources

  • Hydroelectric power is a main source of _______________________

Paraguay is the most rural country in the region.

History


  • Paraguay is _____________________, or surrounded by land with no direct access to the ocean.

  • Paraguay River divides country into eastern ____________________ and western ____________________

  • Mid-1530s: Spanish claimed country

  • 1811: _______________________________

  • Today it is a _____________________________

People

  • About 95 percent are ________________________________

  • Rest are Indians or people of ____________________________ descent

  • Two official languages: _________________________ and Guarani, an Indian language

  • Most people are Roman Catholic

  • _________________________ is the capital and largest city

Economy

  • Wealth and government controlled by a few __________________ families.

  • Nearly half of the country's workers are ______________________________

  • Many farmers grow just enough to feed themselves and their families (subsistence farming)

  • Small businesses, but not much _____________________

  • Promising resources like hydroelectricity


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