Authoring a PhD



Download 2.39 Mb.
View original pdf
Page58/107
Date29.06.2024
Size2.39 Mb.
#64437
1   ...   54   55   56   57   58   59   60   61   ...   107
Authoring a PhD How to plan, draft, write and finish a doctoral thesis or dissertation Patrick ... ( PDFDrive )
BOLALAR UCHUN INGLIZ TILI @ASILBEK MUSTAFOQULOV, Ingliz tili grammatikasi
Daniel P. Moynihan
2
Tables communicate precise numerical information to readers.
They have traditionally been heavily used in any PhD with an extensive numerical data component. Designing effective tables is not rocket science. But it is frequently mishandled for the most trivial and banal of reasons, through a series of small- scale inattentions by authors to the needs of readers. Authors with data-heavy dissertations live and breathe their numbers,
and come to know them closely. So they often tolerate a level of detail or confusion in their data presentation which readers cannot and will not bear. Consider Tables 7.1 and 7.2, which show the same table presented indifferent formats. I hope that it is obvious to you that Table 7.2 is a much better presented table. But why it is so much more readable may not be so clear.
Here are the main differences.
Titles and labelling.
Table 7.1 has an overly short heading which says only what kinds of organizations are being compared, but does not give the country location, the time period,
or what is being measured. The title is in the present tense,
which will go out of date. The first column is not labelled at all,
and the second column label uses pointless abbreviation (to fit text into a spreadsheet column space) and omits any denominator for the population. Readers would have to look in the main text to be sure what the table showed. None of the headings and labels use a distinctive font from the rest of the table.
Some of the row labels are printed on two lines, despite lots of
H AND LING ATTENTION POINTS 5

space (perhaps because they were transferred in that form from a spreadsheet, which gives the row numbers an uneven appearance. By contrast, Table 7.2 has full and complete labels, in clear fonts, which give all the missing information, and avoid unnecessary abbreviation. Even the row labels are tidied up,
eliminating the ugly ampersand signs (&), which are not needed, and printing each label within a single row.
Decimal points, index numbers and details in the data numbers.
Table 7.1 does not tell readers exactly what measurement units are being used in fact they are the numbers of eye cataract operations per 1000 population. This gives large numbers,
stretching from 21,727 at the low end to 72,331 at the high end. They are made less readable by not putting in commas to separate the thousands, and also by citing the numbers correct to two decimal points. Given the data range in Table including any decimal points at all is a ludicrous level of detail:
no reader would conceivably need to know this, so the decimal points are just clutter, obfuscating whatever the table’s message is supposed to be. By contrast, Table 7.2 eliminates all decimal points and goes further by rebasing the index number to cataract operations per 100,000 people. Most readers will find it 6 AUTHORING AP H D

Download 2.39 Mb.

Share with your friends:
1   ...   54   55   56   57   58   59   60   61   ...   107




The database is protected by copyright ©ininet.org 2024
send message

    Main page