- modification of interior configuration

1. 
   Winglets of new design. Improved aerodynamics is achieved due to the reduced effect of tip vortices. Tests confirmed the results of bleeding and demonstrated fuel economy of 800 kg when the payload is 14 tons and the flying range is 5,000 km.
   

2. 
   The Heksel lightweight honeycomb floors. This improvement allows reducing the weight of the floor and thus increasing a payload of each upgraded aircraft by 630 kg.
   

• 
  Aircraft type selection. A selection of a certain aircraft type is the most important decision made by airlines. In the next years it will determine profitability of the aircraft operation. To choose a plane, several factors should be taken into account, beginning with the most obvious ones, namely a pattern of future traffic, competitiveness of an airline, available working capital, funding sources, effects upon the financial balance of an airline, future technical superfluity. It is also necessary to carry out, step-by-step, an extremely sophisticated economic analysis of operation.
  
• 
  Market research. At the very beginning of an aircraft purchasing it is necessary to compose properly the text of an inquiry in reply to lessors’ proposals and provide it to airlines’ owners. At this stage it is very important to show competence and clear intentions of an airline.
  
• 
  Legal advisors outsourcing. Getting of legal opinion, its correct interpretation, regular contacts with the legal department and careful attention to its recommendations are mandatory to get maximum profitable conditions for aircraft lease or purchase.
  

• 
  Aircraft registration.
  
• 
  Commercial matters. It is impossible to cover high expenses of aircraft purchase and get profits if not to operate the aircraft heavily. That is why it is absolutely necessary to re-consider completely the activities of commercial departments of the airline.
  
• 
  Staff training. Preliminary training of air crews and technical personnel can considerably save money and labour resources.
  
• 
  Acceptance of the aircraft. The lessor can request, and has a right to get full and detailed information on ownership status, structure, technical and finance state of the airline taking the aircraft on lease. A considerable number of different documents are required to satisfy all terms of aircraft supply.
  
• 
  Spare parts. Although supplies of spare parts and consumable materials are specified in a technical agreement, the airline should have some stock of them. Such stock can be purchased or taken on lease. The items for the stock can be recommended by the lessor or can be a constituent part of an agreement with maintenance, repair and overhaul facility. It is too expensive to keep a large or, vice versa, too small stock of spare parts. An optimum inventory can be created through the most careful analysis of the other operators' experience.
  
• 
  Insurance. Currently the following items are mandatory according to the Russian law:
  

● Insurance of life and health of aircraft crew members when they execute their official duty.

● Liability insurance for damage to life and health of aircraft passengers, as well as to baggage and hand luggage of passengers.

● Liability insurance to cargo owners or consignors for cargo loss, shortage or damage (detriment).

• 
  Terms of acceptance and further return of the aircraft. This is one of the most important aspects during negotiations on aircraft lease and acceptance. The airline taking the aircraft on lease should check its technical condition, outline technical conditions of supply, requirements to aircraft exterior, conformity to all directives of aviation authorities on maintaining airworthiness of aircrafts of this type, current as of supply date, and make sure that terms of aircraft return to the leasing company are equitable and fair.
  

• 
  risk of payment default by airlines that leased an A/C;
  
• 
  aircraft on ground due to failure of various aircraft components because of expired life time or due to a number of factors other than life cycle that bear a risk of lease payments decrease;
  
• 
  flight accidents with Tu-154 aircrafts and, thus, risk of temporary operation suspension for all or a number of aircraft of the said type issued by governing authorities. These factors can entail Company’s actual damage or loss of profits.
  

• 
  preliminary analysis and subsequent control of credit solvency and payment capacity of operating airlines;
  
• 
  effective implementation of contractual conditions ensuring performance of payment obligations by airlines;
  
• 
  control over life status of aircraft (itself as well as it’s certain components) handed over to airlines;
  
• 
  damage claim process directly connecting plants performing aircraft and engines overhaul and airlines operating them to minimize duration of defects removal, faults and failures of units and components revealed during operation;
  
• 
  continuous economic monitoring.