C. Standards: 1. Limits – allowing Affs to modify the definition of borders to add or modify explodes the Topic – it means any group of people or any amount or time or any other condition can be added. Many will also vaguely reference it in the AC allowing shiftiness making the group limitless. It allow explicit and malicious exclusion of neg prep as well. 2. Ground – this all allow the aff to be Extra-T which is independently bad – each condition can be used to block links or counterplans.
3. Predictability how the hell do I predict they’re talking abt the arctic where no one lives
D. Voters 1. Fairness – debate’s a game that requires fair evaluation and rigorous testing – otherwise we can’t test if your arguments are true
2. Education – it’s the only terminal impact to debate and it’s the only reasons fund debate
3. Topicality is drop the debater – it’s a fundamental baseline for debate-ability and we can’t get new 2nr da’s so the debate’s permanently skewed.
4. Use Competing Interps – 1] Topicality is a yes/no question, you can’t be reasonably topical and 2] Reasonability invites arbitrary judge intervention and a race to the bottom of questionable argumentation.
5. No RVI’s - 1] Forces the 1NC to go all-in on Theory which kills substance education, 2] Encourages Baiting since the 1AC will purposely be abusive, and 3] Illogical – you shouldn’t win for not being abusive, which is a litmus test for argumentation
6. Semantics frame Pragmatics - marginal benefits to your interpretation presume a point of contestation which assumes topicality AND semantical questions like topic wording
DA Russian Expansion
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