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THEOLOGY
Outline:
Click on a topic below to go to that topic.
I.

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

VII.




VIII.



IX.













X.

XI.






XII.





Theology Defined

Objectives

Links to Helpful Websites

Canon of Scripture

Inspiration of Scripture

Creeds

God the Trinity

A.

Father

B.

Son

C.

Holy Spirit
Angels

A.

Holy Angels

B.

Fallen Angels

Man

A.

Creation

B.

The Fall of Man

C.

Sin

D.

Salvation

1.

Saved by Grace Through Faith

2.

Repentance


3.

Atonement


a.

Propitiation


b.

Priesthood of the Believer


4.

Law and Grace


5.

Justification


6.

Regeneration, Sanctification, and Glorification

Assurance of Salvation

Election and related Topics

A.

Election

B.

Free Will

C.

Predestination

D.

Foreknowledge

E.

One Theological Position

Last Things

A.

Unholy Trinity

B.

Tribulation

C.

Rapture

D.

Judgment Seat of Christ

E.

Battle of Armageddon

Page 1 of Theology WWW.MissionsTraining.org
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XIII.

XIV.

XV.

XVI.

XVII.

XVIII.

XIX.

F.

Second Advent

G.

Millennium.


1.

Premillennial View


2.

Postmillennial View


3.

Amillennial View
H.

Final Rebellion

I.

Great White Throne Judgment

J.

New Heaven and New Earth

Kingdom of God

Church

Covenants

Evil

Prayer

Bibliography

Exam


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THEOLOGY

I. Theology Defined
Theology is the study of God and the relations between God and the universe.”
1
Christian Theology is this same study from a Christian perspective. Christian Theology examines the doctrines developed by the Christian Church


1
Webster’s New World Dictionary, College Edition, s.v. theology BACK TO OUTLINE »
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THEOLOGY

II. Objectives
At the completion of this module, you should understand the following How and approximately when the Canon of Scripture was developed. How the three branches of the Christian Church view the Apocrypha. When the Septuagint was completed, and the importance of this in relation to Old Testament prophecy. Some tests for including a Book in the New Testament Canon. The central theme of the Bible. The organization and primary emphases of the Apostles Creed and the Nicene Creed. Monotheism and how to define the Trinity. Attributes of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Wherein Scripture to find the lists of spiritual gifts. The attributes and purpose of angels. The nature and work of Satan and his demons. The Biblical account of the creation of man. The fall of man, and the resulting curse. Gods redemptive plan for the world. The nature of sin and its effects. The doctrine of soteriology and all related topics covered. Election and related topics. The topics included under the doctrine of last things. The Kingdom of God. The Church, and Who Started the Church. Three different views held by the church concerning the elements used in communion. Be able to explain symbolic commemoration Eight Biblical Covenants. The problem of evil. How to pray. BACK TO OUTLINE Page 1 of THEOLOGY - Objectives
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THEOLOGY

III. Links to Helpful Websites
For an online dictionary of theology, see http://www.carm.org/dictionary.htm
To quickly lookup Scripture references http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/
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THEOLOGY

IV. Canon of Scripture
The word canon comes from a Latin word meaning measuring line or rule.”
2
The Canon of Scripture refers to those Books accepted by the Church as being inspired by God. A Book that is apart of the canon is said to be canonical. The Eastern Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholic Church, and Protestant Churches all consider the books of the Bible accepted in the Jewish canon to be divinely inspired. Following the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans in AD. 70, a group of Jewish scholars gathered at Jabneh or Jamnia, a village about thirty miles west of Jerusalem, and from about AD. 90 to AD. 100, finalized the Jewish
Canon.
3
The Christian Church divides the twenty-four Books of the Jewish canon into thirty-nine Books. In addition to these thirty-nine Books accepted by the three branches of the Christian Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church considers some additional Books to be inspired. These additional Books are called Apocryphal (from a Greek word meaning hidden or
secretive).
The Apocrypha is not accepted in the Jewish canon. The Eastern Orthodox Church considers all fourteen of the Apocryphal Books found in the Septuagint to be inspired. The Septuagint is the version of the Old Testament that was translated from Hebrew to Greek during the third century
BC.
4
The Roman Catholic Church accepts eleven Books of the Apocrypha, but considers them to be
“deuterocanonical,” or of secondary importance to the thirty-nine Books.
5
The Protestant churches may consider the Apocrypha to be useful for historical purposes, but the Protestants do not believe that God inspired the Apocrypha. In AD. 367 Athanasius (ca. AD. 296–373), Bishop of Alexandria, Egypt, sent a letter at Easter presenting the list of twenty-seven New Testament Books used widely in the church today. The same canon was approved in the west by a papal declaration in AD. 405. In North Africa, this canon was endorsed at the Synods of Hippo (AD. 393) and Carthage (AD. 397). But a council of the entire church never approved the canon. While the Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Protestant Churches all agree on the New Testament canon, the Ethiopian Church has a different canon.
6
It is important to know when Scripture was completed. Although the Jewish Canon (Old Testament) was not in place until the close of the first century AD, the Old Testament was completed prior to
its translation in the third century BC. from Hebrew to the Greek Septuagint. So the Old Testament prophecies of Christ certainly were written centuries prior to the incarnation of Christ. These Messianic prophecies were not written after Jesus lived on earth.

The Books in the New Testament Canon were completed during the first century AD. If they had been written hundreds of years later, some people would claim that they contain legends or errors. But they were written at a time when many people were alive who had seen Jesus—the greatest man whoever lived. No doubt these witnesses had vivid memories of the Messiah who spoke with great wisdom, healed all sorts of illnesses, and even raised the dead. These witnesses would have disputed the New Testament Books, if the Books had been false. In fact, the Church has rejected many false books that claim to be Scriptural. Such false books were written between 200 BC. and 600 AD. and are called The Pseudepigrapha (which means the false writings. Page 1 of THEOLOGY - Canon of Scripture
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In the first century, some people in the church were using the New Testament Books. But it was not until the fourth century that these Books were canonized by most of the Christian Church.

Consider some tests used by the Church for determining whether or not to include a Book in the
New Testament Canon.
i.
Did an Apostle write it or did someone associated with an Apostle write it
ii.
Is it Orthodox Does it agree with the traditional teaching of Scripture
iii.
Is it applicable universally Does it apply to the whole church or merely to some
small group
iv.
Does it have the power to renew and sustain Christians
For more discussion of these issues, seethe section entitled How Did We Get the Bible at the following website:
http://www.letusreason.org/Apolo22.htm
The main branches of the Christian Church acknowledge that after the completion of the Old and New Testaments, no new Scripture has been given from God. Multiplied millions of Christians, guided by the Holy Spirit, agree on this. Since that time, however, some religious groups have formed, claiming to be Christian, but presenting a non-orthodox gospel. These religious groups claim to have new Scriptures that take precedence over the teaching of the Old and New Testaments. Consider what the Bible says about such new doctrine
18) I warn everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book If anyone adds
anything to them, God will add to him the plagues described in this book. ( 19) And if
anyone takes words away from this book of prophecy, God will takeaway from him his
share in the tree of life and in the holy city, which are described in this book. (Rev. 22:18,19
NIV)

See also 2 John 7-10.
2
Webster’s New World Dictionary, College Edition
, s.v. canon


3
For more on this subject, see this web page. http://airspirit3.freehomepage.com/chap31.html


4
Webster’s New World Dictionary, College Edition
, s.v. apocrypha


5
Ibid.


6
For more information on the formation of the New Testament Canon, seethe following website http://www.ntgateway.com/canon.htm
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THEOLOGY

V. Inspiration of Scripture
We accept the thirty-nine Books of the Old Testament and the twenty-seven Books of the New Testament as the only infallible and authoritative Word of God. These are the core Books accepted by the Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Protestant Churches. Such Scripture is the final standard for judging faith and practice and all religious tradition. Consider what the Bible says about itself
“The grass withers and the flowers fall, but the word of our God stands forever (Isaiah
40:8 NIV).
Over forty men were inspired by the Holy Spirit to write the Bible. These men were not writing like machines, not writing apart from their personalities. Instead, they wrote in their own styles. God inspired men to record his word throughout the centuries.
“20Above all, you must understand that no prophecy of Scripture came about by the
prophet's own interpretation. For prophecy never had its origin in the will of man, but
men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit (2 Peter 1:20,21 NIV).

See also 2 Timothy 3:16,17.
Though the Bible was written over along period of time by various men, the Books of the Bible agree on one theme There is one God who rules the universe, and the one way to salvation is through Jesus Christ. See Deuteronomy 6:4 and John 14:6. Scripture is shown to be valid because the prophecies of the Bible are being fulfilled. See
Deuteronomy 18:18-22; John 6:14. Also seethe training module on this website entitled
“Messianic Prophecy God said that he gave prophecy so that people could not claim that some idol has divine power. See Isaiah 48:3,5. Scripture is also shown to be valid because it accomplishes its purpose. See Isaiah 55:10,11. These claims for the validity of Scripture were given through some of the greatest prophets in the Old Testament Moses and Isaiah. If we want to understand the truth of Scripture, we receive the Holy Spirit. See 1 Corinthians 2:9-13.
We receive the Holy Spirit when we believe in Christ. See John 7:37-39. The Holy Spirit indwells us and guides us to the truth. BACK TO OUTLINE Page 1 of THEOLOGY - Inspiration of Scripture
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THEOLOGY

VI. Creeds
Although Scripture is the standard for judging religious faith and practice, Creeds are also useful in instructing people in the faith. Creeds have generally been developed to counter challenges to the theology held by the Church. Consider two early creeds accepted widely in the Church. The Apostles Creed, used in Catholic and Protestant Churches (but not in the Eastern Orthodox Church, evolved from the Confessions of particular churches by the end of the second century. Notice
the emphasis on the Trinity.
"I believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth and in Jesus Christ his
only Son our Lord who was conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the Virgin Mary,
suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, dead, and buried he descended into hell
(Hades); the third day he rose again from the dead, he ascended into heaven, and sitteth at
the right hand of God the Father Almighty from thence he shall come to judge the quick
and the dead. I believe in the Holy Ghost the Holy Catholic Church the communion of
saints, the forgiveness of sins the resurrection of the body and the life everlasting.
Amen."
7
The Apostles Creed proclaims the humanity of Christ, countering the false claims of the heretical groups (Gnostics, Marcionites, and later Manicheans). See 1 John 4:1-3. The Creed holds that Christ descended into Hades, the place where both the righteous and the unrighteous go after physical death. The term “Catholic Church” refers to the universal Church In opposition to the Gnostics, who claimed to have knowledge that others in the church did not possess, this Creed proclaims that the Gospel is for the universal church. For more information seethe website below. Click on ancient then click on notes under Apostles Creed http://www.creeds.net/
Like the Apostles Creed, the Nicene Creed emphasizes the Trinity. It dates to the Second Ecumenical Council, held at Constantinople, AD. 381. The Nicene Creed is a revision and expansion of an earlier Creed—The Creed of Nicaea, which was developed by a Church Council held in Nice in Bithynia, AD. 325. The whole Christian Church, with the Eastern Orthodox Church rejecting the filioque clause (see below, accepts the Nicene Creed.
"I believe in one God, Maker of heaven and earth, and all things visible and invisible and
in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God, begotten of his Father before all
worlds; God of God, Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being of
one substance with the Father by whom all things were made who, for us men and for our
salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin
Mary, and was made man, and was crucified also for us under Pontius Pilate. He suffered
and was buried and the third day he rose again according to the Scriptures, and ascended
into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of the Father. And he shall come again with
glory to judge both the quick and the dead whose kingdom shall have no end. And I
believe in the Holy Ghost, the Lord the Giver of life, who proceedeth from the Father and
the Son (filioque), who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified
who spake by the prophets. And I believe in one Catholic and Apostolic Church I
acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins and I look for the resurrection of the
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dead and the life of the world to come."
8
The Nicene Creed was written by the Church to combat the heretical position of Arius, an elder in Alexandria, Egypt. Arius taught that the Father created the Son. In opposition to Arianism, the Church taught the Son existed eternally with the Father. In the Apostles Creed, the Church emphasized that
the Son was fully human, and in the Nicene Creed, the Church emphasized that the Son is also
fully God. Even today, there are heretics who deny either the humanity or deity of Jesus Christ. When
examining the position of cults (those who claim to be Christian, but who deny essential
Christian doctrine, it is important to determine their teaching regarding the deity and humanity
of Jesus Christ.When in dialogue with members of cults, carefully define your understanding of
the person of Jesus Christ, and have them do the same. The Nicene Creed holds that Christ was begotten by his Father before all worlds In other words,
he existed before Creation. Therefore he is outside the realm of time, as we understand time. Christ was begotten, not made The Greek word “monogenes” (pronounced “mo-nog-en-ace”), translated as begotten in English, can mean either begotten as a child from a parent, or it can mean of a

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