Cancer Screening / Follow-up Table of Contents
ALGORITHM FOR BREAST CANCER SCREENING FOLLOW-UP
Download 294.21 Kb.
|
ALGORITHM FOR BREAST CANCER SCREENING FOLLOW-UP 
ANNUAL CLINICAL BREAST EXAMINATION NORMAL & BENIGN FINDINGS ON CBE (Includes fibrocystic changes & normal nodularity) ABNORMAL CBE (Discrete mass or abnormal thickening) 1. REPEAT CBE IN ONE YEAR 2. ANNUAL SCREENING MAMMOGRAM IF AGE 40 AND OLDER IF SCREENING MAMMOGRAM IS ABNORMAL, PATIENT TO BE NOTIFIED WITHIN 10 DAYS OF RECEIVING THE RESULT OR WITHIN 30 DAYS OF THE PROCEDURE (whichever comes first) A FINAL DIAGNOSIS OBTAINED WITHIN 60 DAYS OF DETECTION OF THE ABNORMALITY (from date screened) 5. OBTAIN SCREENING MAMMOGRAM WRITTEN REPORT WITHIN 60 DAYS OF THE PROCEDURE 1. BREAST ULTRASOUND (ages 29 and under) DIAGNOSTIC MAMMOGRAM (ages 30 & older) and ultrasound if needed 3. SURGICAL REFERRAL APPOINTMENT WITHIN 3 WEEKS OF DISCOVERY OF ABNORMAL CBE (Regardless of ultrasound and/or mammogram results- unless CBE repeated by radiologist and normal/benign result- must have thorough documentation from radiologist) 4. FINAL DIAGNOSIS OBTAINED WITHIN 60 DAYS OF DETECTION OF ABNORMALITY (from date screened) 5. RECORDS TO BE RECEIVED WITHIN 30 DAYS OF CONSULT/PROCEDURES 6. FOLLOW RECOMMENDATIONS OF SURGEON AND/OR RADIOLOGIST CERVICAL CANCER SCREENINGRoutine periodic screening encourages early identification of precancerous conditions of the cervix and early stage diagnosis of cervical cancer. Most cervical cancer can be PREVENTED with detection and early treatment of precancerous lesions. A. Cervical Cancer Risk Factors This is an overall list of factors and/or behaviors which may increase the risk for cervical cancer. Some factors on this list are not considered when making the determination for a patient’s Pap screening interval. See “Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines” for factors that are used to determine when a patient is considered “high-risk” and not eligible for increasing the time interval between screenings. History of HPV and/or Dysplasia Multiple (3 or more) sexual partners in lifetime A sex partner with multiple sex partners A sex partner who has had a partner with HPV/dysplasia/cervical cancer Cigarette smoking (any amount) Beginning sexual intercourse at a young age (age 18 or less) History of 2 or more sexually transmitted infections Intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) Infrequent screening (>5 years since last Pap) Immunosuppressed (HIV/AIDS, diabetes, transplant recipient, chronic steroid use, auto-immune disorders) B. CERVICAL SCREENING HISTORY 1. Elicit date and result of last Pap test 2. Determine if a previous history of an abnormal Pap and/or HPV 3. Determine if history of a previous colposcopy & biopsy and/or treatment 4. Screen for risk factors (listed above) 5. Screen for history of abnormal bleeding patterns PELVIC EXAMINATION The purpose of this section is to outline components of a pelvic exam, when to start screening, and how often to continue screening. The pelvic examination serves multiple purposes, including the assessment of the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus and adnexa. The pelvic examination includes: inspection of the external genitalia, urethra and introitus; examination of the vagina and cervix; and bimanual examination of the uterus, cervix, adnexa and ovaries. If indicated, rectovaginal examination is performed as a part of the examination. Some health care providers incorporate the rectovaginal examination as part of the routine examination. Annual pelvic examination is a routine part of the preventive care for all women 21 years of age and older even if they do not need a Pap smear. A bimanual pelvic examination is generally not necessary at the initial reproductive health visit. A general physical examination, including an external genital examination, may be done because it allows assessment of secondary sexual development, reassurance and education. A “teaching” external-only genital examination can provide an opportunity to familiarize adolescents with normal anatomy, assess adequacy of hygiene and allow the health care provider an opportunity to visualize the perineum for any anomalies. Pelvic examination need only be performed in adolescents when it is likely to yield important information regarding conditions such as amenorrhea, abnormal bleeding, vaginitis, presence of a possible foreign body, pelvic pain, pelvic mass or a sexually transmitted disease (STD). If the patient has had sexual intercourse, screening for STDs is important. Refer to STD Guidelines. Refer any abnormal finding on the pelvic examination to a midlevel or higher clinician or a contracted gynecologist for further evaluation. Adapted from ACOG Committee Opinion, Number 431, May 2009. Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines Patients with a cervical history of CIN2, CIN3 or cervical cancer, in utero exposure to DES or who are immunocompromised, as stated above, are considered high-risk patients when determining their cancer screening interval options. Notes: The physician who treats a patient’s CIN2, CIN3 or cervical cancer will determine the interval between future screenings and the length of screening surveillance, including possible extension of screening past the age of 65. FOR ALL PATIENTS WHO ARE SENT TO A CONTRACTED GYNECOLOGIST OR COLPOSCOPIST: Once her diagnostic procedures are complete and she has a diagnosis and treatment if applicable, the contracted clinician (gynecologist or colposcopist) who diagnoses and/or treats will provide an order for the patient’s future screening schedule. If this is not received, the NCM must contact this provider to obtain an order. If a patient has a history of colposcopy at another provider’s office, the records and order for future screening schedule should be obtained from that office. WOMEN AGES 21-29: without a history of CIN2, CIN3 or cervical cancer, or in utero exposure to DES and who are not immunocompromised (non high-risk patient) should have cytology screening every 3 years. Also, see notes above for patients who have a history including colposcopy. Pap tests should begin at 21 years of age (may be done earlier at clinician’s discretion based on abnormal clinical findings). If the patient is a minor with a potentially life-threatening test result (includes “Adenocarcinoma-In-Situ”, “HSIL” or “ASC-H” result) and cannot be contacted, the parent or guardian may be contacted (KRS 214.185(6)). Minors shall be made aware of this policy at the screening visit. 2. WOMEN AGES 30-65: without a history of CIN2, CIN3, cervical cancer, or in utero exposure to DES and who are not immunocompromised (non high-risk patient) have two options for cervical cancer screening and must be offered both options by the LHD. Also, see notes above for patients who have a history including colposcopy. One recommendation for screening is cytology every 3 years. Another option for women in this age group, who want to lengthen the screening interval, is screening with a combination of cytology and HPV testing every 5 years (“co-testing”). Screening by co-testing which includes Pap test and HPV High Risk DNA testing is the preferred standard for non-high risk patients in this age group and all grantees of the CDC NBCCEDP grant must offer this option to patients who do not have any contraindications listed in the previous paragraph. The decision will be made by the patient. “Women choosing co-testing to increase their screening interval should be aware that positive screening results are more likely with HPV-based strategies than with cytology alone and that some women may require prolonged surveillance with additional frequent testing if they have persistently positive HPV results. The percentage of U.S. women undergoing co-testing who will have a normal cytology test result and a positive HPV test result (and who therefore require additional testing) ranges from 11% among women age 30 to 34 years to 2.6% among women age 60 to 65 years.” A percentage rate was not reported for women ages 35-59. *The High Risk HPV DNA panel will only be covered by the KWCSP when testing meets the criteria stated in the notes on the “Approved CPT Codes” listing in the CCSG. SPECIAL POPULATIONS: Women with the following conditions should be screened according to orders from the contracted gynecologist regardless of their age: immunosuppression (i.e., renal transplant, etc.), HIV infection, history of CIN2, CIN3, cervical cancer or DES exposure in utero. If uncertain of whether a patient’s condition/disease would cause immunosuppression, consult your medical director or contracted clinician. According to CDC April and May/June 2012 guidance newsletters, women who have had cervical cancer should continue screening indefinitely as long as they are in reasonable health. The exact intervals of this screening are not clear, but the recommendations define it as “every 3 years after a period of intense screening”. The NCM shall contact the contracted provider to determine screening guidelines for these patients. The type of follow-up will often be determined by the provider according to the extent of the cancer. WOMEN FOLLOWING HYSTERECTOMY Women at any age following a hysterectomy with removal of the cervix who do not have a positive history of CIN2, CIN3 or cervical cancer: Should not be screened for vaginal cancer using any modality according to the ACS-ASCCP-ASCP screening guidelines released in November 2012. Women at any age following a hysterectomy with removal of the cervix who have a positive history of CIN2, CIN3 or cervical cancer: Should be screened as stated in the preceding section titled “Special Populations”. Vaginal/vulvar/labial Pap tests or biopsies shall be performed by the LHD contracted clinician (gynecologist or colposcopist) for patients with a history of CIN2, CIN3, cervical cancer or for an abnormal physical finding during an exam performed at the LHD. SCREENING AND REIMBURSEMENT INFORMATION FOR VAGINAL, LABIAL OR VULVAR PROCEDURES Women 21-39 years of age: with no health insurance, Medicare or Medicaid who have a household income at or below 250% of the federal poverty level with a history of treatment for CIN 2, CIN 3 or cervical cancer Vaginal Pap tests and/or diagnostic follow-up may be reimbursed by state preventative block grant funds, local funds or other resources when the criteria above is met. Vaginal Pap tests and/or diagnostic follow-up will be performed by the contracted clinician (gynecologist or colposcopist). Women 40-64 years of age: with no health insurance, Medicare or Medicaid who have a household income at or below 250% of the federal poverty level with a history of treatment for CIN 2, CIN 3 or cervical cancer Vaginal Pap tests and/or diagnostic follow-up shall be reimbursed by KWCSP federal funds when the above criteria are met. Vaginal Pap tests and/or diagnostic follow-up will be performed by the contracted clinician (gynecologist or colposcopist). Women of any age: If a vulvar or labial lesion is found during an examination, the patient shall be informed that this abnormal finding will need follow-up to rule out cancer. Vulvar and labial screening/diagnostic follow-up will be performed by the contracted clinician (gynecologist or colposcopist). Vulvar or labial procedures may not be reimbursed by the KWCSP or state preventative block grant funding. Follow-up for any abnormal findings of the vagina, vulva or labia will be determined by the gynecologist who performs the screening and/or diagnostic procedures for the patient. WOMEN OLDER THAN 65 Women older than 65 with documentation of adequate negative prior screening, who are not otherwise at high risk for cervical cancer and have no history of CIN2, CIN3 or cervical cancer within the last 20 years should not be screened. Adequate negative prior screening is three consecutive negative cytology results or two consecutive negative co-tests within the 10 years before cessation of screening, with the most recent test occurring within the past 5 years. WOMEN IN ABNORMAL FOLLOW-UP Guidance for follow-up of an abnormal Pap test result is found under the heading of MANAGEMENT OF ABNORMAL PAP TEST RESULTS in the CCSG. This should be referenced when planning case management. However, the contracted qualified clinician (gynecologist, colposcopist, etc.) who provides the colposcopy and/or treatment will direct patient care. Services that can be reimbursed are found on the approved CPT code list found in the CCSG. Medical providers and patients shall be made aware of services that can be reimbursed. Once a patient’s diagnostic procedures are complete and she has a diagnosis and treatment if applicable, the contracted clinician who diagnoses and/or treats will provide an order for the patient’s next screening. If this is not received, the NCM must contact this provider to obtain an order. WOMEN WHO HAVE RECEIVED HPV VACCINE Women who have received the HPV vaccine should continue to be screened according to the age-appropriate guidelines. *Pap Screening Guidelines Reference: 2012, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology Journal of lower Genital Tract Disease, Volume 16, Number 3, 2012, 00-00. Age – Delineated Cervical Cancer Screening Schedule 
Directory: rdonlyres rdonlyres -> Application for family reunification for children rdonlyres -> Cabinet for Health and Family Services (chfs) rdonlyres -> Computer Science Program Proposal Form rdonlyres -> Table of Contents Abstract 3 rdonlyres -> Grade 10 Academic Canadian History – Term Essay Topics canada: 1929 – 1945 Social, Economic and Political Context rdonlyres -> College programs rdonlyres -> 5-year information Technology Strategic Plan Version 0 May, 2009 Version 0 June, 2010 Ted Brodheim rdonlyres -> Potential hazards rdonlyres -> Cabinet for Health and Family Services (chfs) rdonlyres -> Cabinet for Health and Family Services (chfs) Download 294.21 Kb. Share with your friends:
|