Center of Gravity is a point where the mass of the vehicle is concentrated and balanced. The higher



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5. Visual Acuity:

  1. Visual acuity tests measure the level of detail your eyes can see, (individually, and together), in optimal light conditions

  2. Nearsighted: Able to see near things more clearly than distant ones

  3. Farsighted: Able to see distant things more clearly than near ones


6. Hazards of Driving at Night:


  1. What are some strategies for driving at night?


8. What are some other factors that affect vision?

Glare, Fatigue, Drugs/Alcohol, Weather, Darkness, Speed, Inattention, Smoke

Age, Dirty Windshield, Poor Windshield Wipers, Poor night vision, Night Blindness



  1. Speed Affects Vision:

    1. Hazards that increase with increased speed

    2. Drivers have less time to see and react

    3. Minor steering movements cause exaggerated vehicle movements and weight shift

    4. Speed distorts and reduces Peripheral vision up to 90%




  1. How do you compensate for higher speeds?

  1. Train your eyes to look farther ahead—you’re covering ground faster

  2. Allow more space between your vehicle and others

  3. Actively move your eyes from one side of the path of travel to the other to search for relevant information and hazards




  1. Depth Perception:

  1. Need both eyes to perceive depth (3-D distance)

  2. Allows you to judge gaps, speed, and distance of other vehicles and hazards in the traffic environment

  3. Essential when passing, approaching a vehicle or hazard; turning, merging, and crossing intersections

  4. To judge the distance between vehicles, look at where the tires contact the road, not the body of the vehicle




Are these lines Parallel?

  1. How can you improve your visual field?

  1. Clean windows—inside and out

  2. Clean vehicle’s outside lights and be sure they work

  3. Inspect wiper blades for damage and effectiveness

  4. Adjust mirrors properly

  5. Keep sunglasses and windshield scraper in vehicle

  6. Remove objects that interfere with vision

Module 3: Topic 3



Vehicle Reference Points and

Establishing a Lane Position
1. Line-of-sight is the visible path of travel from your vehicle to the target area.

    1. When something obstructs your LOS, you may need to adjust your speed and/or position until it is clear again




  1. Path-of-Travel is the series of continuous positions your vehicle will occupy while traveling toward your target area


3. Target

      1. Specific object located straight ahead in the center of your path of travel

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