Aim: to illustrate some problems in defining capacity The car industry is characterised by high capital investment in automated production. This is only profitable when capacity is carefully matched to demand, and plants get high figures for utilisation and productivity. In recent years, it is widely felt that there is considerable excess capacity, and this has lead to a series of mergers and take-overs. However, a closer look begins to question this picture. It takes several years to increase capacity in a car plant, so there must be some cushion to allow for variations and sudden growth in demand. At the same time, the capacity comes in different forms, with some being more apparent than real. If we take these into account we can argue that there is not really any over-capacity in the industry, but capacity is quite closely aligned to demand.