Charter + evidence 1



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Table of Contents


CHARTER + EVIDENCE 1

Right to counsel (10(b) of Charter) 1

Sinclair 2

Willier 3

S. 24(2) - remedy 3

Grant 3


S. 8 - search and seizure 5

Collins 5

Chubak 6

Patrick 6

Cole 7

S. 7 of Charter 7



BASIC RULES 9

Principles of fundamental justice: 9

Burdens of Proof 9

Case-To-Meet Burden 9

Tactical Burden 9

Reasonable Doubt 10

Woolmington 10

Lifchus 10

R v DW 10

Illes 11


Layton 11

Presumptions 11

Oakes test 12

Laba 12


Keegstra 13

Dagenais 13



ACTUS REUS 14

Nette 14


Maybin 14

MENS REA 16

Lewis 16


PENAL NEGLIGENCE 19

R v Hundal [1993] 1 SCR 867 19

R v Beatty 2008 SCC 5 20

R v DeSousa [1992] 2 SCR 944 21



REGULATORY OFFENCES 22

Reference re Section 94(2) of the BC Motor Vehicle Act 22

R v Chapin [1979] 2 SCR 121 23

R v London Excavators & Trucking Ltd 1998 ONCA 24



PARTIES AND OTHER FORMS OF SECONDARY LIABILITY 25

R v Dunlop SCC 1979 26

R v Jackson 2007 SCC 26

R v Greyeyes 1997 SCC 27

R v Roach 2004 ONCA 27

Counselling – R v Hamilton 2005 SCC 28



MURDER 29

The Murder Provisions 29

R v Vaillancourt [1987] 2 SCR 636 (Lamer J.) 31

R v Martineau [1990] 2 SCR 633 (Lamer C.J.) 31



Stigmatic Offences 32

R v Logan [1990] 2 SCR 731 (Lamer C.J.) 32

R v Nygaard and Schimmens 1989 SCC 33

R v Pritchard 2008 SCC 59 (Binnie J.) 34

R v Wallen [1990] 1 SCR 827 (Lamer J.) 34

R v Briscoe 2010 SCC 35

R v Effert 2011 ABCA 134 36

ASSAULT 37

R v Jobidon [1991] 2 SCR 714 (Gonthier J.) 38

R v Cuerrier [1998] 2 SCR 371 (Cory J.) 39

R v Williams [2003] 2 SCR 134 (Binnie J.) 40

R v Mabior 2012 SCC 47 (McLachlin C.J.C.) 40

R v McSorley 2000 BCPC 116 (Kitchen J.) 41

R v Dewey 1999 ABCA 5 (Picard J.A.) 42

SEXUAL ASSAULT 43

R v KBV [1993] 2 SCR 857 (Iacobucci J.) 43

R v Audet [1996] 2 SCR 171 (La Forest J.) 44

R v Litchfield [1993] 4 SCR 333 (Iacobucci J.) 45

R v S (DG) (2004), 72 OR (3d) 223 (CA) (Cronk J.A.) 45

R v Faulkner (1997) 129 CCC (3d) (ONCA) (Goudge J.A.) 46

R v Ewanchuk [1999] 1 SCR 330 (Major J.) 46

R v A(J) [2011] 2 SCR 440 (McLachlin C.J.C.) 47

R v Malcolm 2000 MBCA 77 (Helper J.A.) 48

R v Darrach (1998), 38 OR (3d) 1 (CA) (Morden J.) 49



INSANITY 50

R v Chaulk 1990 SCC 51

Cooper v The Queen 1980 SCC 52

Kjeldsen v The Queen 1981 SCC 53

R v Oommen 1994 SCC 53

AUTOMATISM 55

R v Rabey [1980] 2 SCR 513 55

R v Parks 1992 SCC 56

R v Stone 1999 SCC 57

R v Fontaine 2004 SCC 27 59

R v Luedecke 2008 ONCA 60



INTOXICATION 61

Daviault (1994) 62

NECESSITY 64

Perka 64

Latimer 65

DURESS 66

Ruzic 67


Li, Chen, and Liu 67

Ryan 68


PROVOCATION 69

Thibert v The Queen 1996 SCC 71

R v Nealy 1986 ONCA 72

R v Parent 2001 SCC 72

R v Tran 2010 SCC 73

Nanavati v State of Maharashtra 74



MISTAKE OF LAW 75

SELF-DEFENCE 78

R v Lavallee 1990 SCC 81

R v Cinous 2002 SCC 82

R v Szczerbaniwicz 2010 SCC 83



CHARTER + EVIDENCE

  • Evidential rules are provided by Charter, statute, and common law. They function as filters.

  • Evidence is admissible if:

    • It is relevant to fact in issue

    • Its probative value exceeds its prejudicial effects

    • It's not excluded by common law or statute

    • It's not excluded by Charter

  • Hearsay rule - statements made out of court are not admissible insofar as they rely on their words alone to prove them; out of court statements can be used to corroborate other admissible evidence

    • Major exception to hearsay rule - confessions to non-authority figures, or confessions that are overheard, are admissible; confessions to authorities governed by confession rule

  • Confession rule - confessions made to authority figures must be voluntary, meaning that they must not be made out of fear of prejudice or hope of advantage (no quid pro quo), that they were made by an "operating mind", and (possibly) that they weren't elicited oppressively

Right to counsel (10(b) of Charter)


  • informational and implementational components

    • Informational: on arrest or detention, police must inform accused of right to counsel without delay, and of services that provide preliminary counsel (Legal Aid, Brydges duty counsel, free counsel services); depends on what services are available in a jurisdiction; must be given in a timely and comprehensible manner, modified if there is any indication that the accused doesn't understand their rights (language barrier, mental disability, youth, etc.)

      • Compliance is proven objectively - did circumstances exist that should've led the police to realize the accused didn't understand their rights?

      • This can be waived, if the circumstances show a reasonable basis for the police to conclude that the accused understands the waiver and how their rights can be exercised

    • Implementational: accused must be given opportunity to exercise right to counsel, which can only be defeated if they are not reasonably diligent in pursuing it (length of time allowed depends on presence of duty counsel, etc. - Prosper), if they waive it (subject to there being clear and unequivocal evidence that the waiver was the product of a mind that fully understood the implications and knowingly chose to waive it), or if there are exigent circumstances that discourage it

      • Implementational rights require that the police provide a reasonable opportunity to consult counsel, and that the police refrain from eliciting evidence until they have had a reasonable opportunity to do so; once counsel has been consulted or retained, though, the police can question the accused so long as the accused voluntarily chooses to speak with them

      • If there is a material change in the accused's circumstances (the person they stabbed died, a new charge has been laid), then they can consult with counsel again

      • If the accused is duly diligent, but cannot contact counsel, then the right to counsel has not been satisfied and the protections remain intact

      • Charter breaches must be proven by accused; waivers must be proven by Crown


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