Children and adolescents, trauma and disasters. A reference list compiled by dr philos. Atle Dyregrov Center for Crisis Psychology, Bergen, Norway

Krupnick, J. L., Green, B. L., Stockton, P., Goodman, L., Corcoran, C., & Petty, R. (2004). Mental health effects of adolescent trauma exposure in a female college sample: Exploring differential outcomes based on experiences of unique trauma types and dimensions. Psychiatry, 67, 264–279.

Kurtz, C., Bunzell, M., & Nagler, S. (1993). Anxiety and autonomy in adolescence among father–orphaned kibbutz children. Journal of Adolescence, 16, 457–462.

Lack, C. W., & Sullivan, M. A. (2008). Attributions, coping, and exposure as predictors of long-term posttraumatic distress in tornado-exposed children. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 13, 72–84.

Lack, C. W., Sullivan, M. A., & Knight, L. A. (2008). Assessing posttraumatic stress in children: a review and further examination of the psychometrics of Frederick`s reaction index. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 1, 225–232.

La Greca, A. M., Silverman, W. K., & Lochman, J. E. (2009). Moving beyond efficacy and effectiveness in child and adolescent intervention research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 373–382.

La Greca, A. M., Silverman, W. K., Vernberg, E. M., & Roberts, M. C. (Eds.). (2002). Helping children cope with disasters and terrorism. Washington: American Psychological Association.

La Greca, A. M., Silverman, W. K., & Wasserstein, S. B. (1998). Children’s predisaster functioning as a predictor of posttraumatic stress following hurricane Andrew. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 883–892.

Lamontagne, L. L., Mason, K. R., & Hepworth, J. T. (1985). Effects of relaxation on anxiety in children: implications for coping with stress. Nursing Research, 34, 289–292.

Landolt, M. A., Buehlmann, C., Maag, T., & Schiestl, C. (2009). Brief report: Quality of life is impaired in pediatric burn survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 34, 14–21.

Landolt, M., Ribi, K., Laimbacher, J., Vollrath, M., Gnehn, H. E., & Sennhauser, F. H. (2002). Brief report: Posttraumatic stress disorder in parents of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 27, 647–652.

Landolt, M., Vollrath, M., Ribi, K., Gnehm, H., & Sennhauser, F. H. (2003). Incidence and associations of parental and child posttraumatic stress symptoms in pediatric patients. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 1199–1207.

Landolt, M. A., Vollrath, M., Timm, K., Gnehm, H. E., & Sennhauser, F. H. (2005). Predicting posttraumatic stress symptoms in children after road traffic accidents. Journal of American Academy of Child, Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 1276–1283.

Landrigan, P. J., Forman, J., Galvez, M., Newman, B., Engel, S. M., & Chemtob, C. (2008). Impact of September 11 World Trade Center Disaster on children and pregnant women. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 75, 129–134.

Langeland, W., & Olff, M. (2008). Psychobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder in pediatric injury patients: A review of the literature. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 32, 161–174.

Langfeldt, T. (1993). Early childhood and juvenile sexuality, development and problems. Nordisk Sexologi, 11, 78–100.

Lansford, J. E., Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., Crozier, J., & Kaplow, J. (2002). A 12-year prospective study of the long term effects of early child physical maltreatment on psychological, behavioral, and academic problems in adolescence. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 156, 824–830.

Laor, N., Wolmer, L., Alon, M., Siev, J., Samuel, E., & Toren, P. (2006). Risk and protective factors mediating psychological symptoms an ideological commitment of adolescents facing continuous terrorism, The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194, 279–286.

Laor, N., Wolmer, L., & Cohen, D. J. (2001). Mothers’ functioning and children’s symptoms 5 years after a SCUD missile attack.  American Journal Psychiatry, 158, 1020–1026.

Latino, R., Friedman, B., & Bellucci, V. (2006). Treatment with children and adolescents traumatized by the September 11^th attacks. Clinical Social Work Journal, 34, 447–466.

Lauterbach, D., Kock, E. I., & Porter, K. (2007). The relationship between childhood support and later emergence of PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20, 857–867.

Layne, C. M., Saltzman, W. R., Poppleton, L., Burlingame, G. M., Pasalić, A., Duraković, E., Musić, M., et al. (2008). Effectiveness of a school-based group psychotherapy program for war-exposed adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(9), 1048-1062. doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e31817eecae

Layne, C. M., Beck, C. J., Rimmasch, H., Southwick, J. S., Moreno, M. M., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2009) Promoting “resilient” posttraumatic adjustment in childhood and beyond. “Unpacking” life events, adjustment trajectories, resources, and interventions. In Brom, D., Pat-Horenczyk, R. & Ford, J. D. Treating Traumatized children. Risk, Resilience, and Recovery (pp.13–47). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Lebovici, S. (1974). Observations on children who have witnessed the violent death of one of their parents: a contribution to the study of traumatization. International Review of Psycho–Analysis, 1, 117–123.

Le Brocque, R. M., Hendrikz, J., & Kenardy, J. A. (2010a). The course of posttraumatic stress in children: Examination of recovery trajectories following traumatic injury. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 35 (6), 637–645.

Le Brocque, R. M., Hendrikz, J., & Kenardy, J. A. (2010b). Parental response to child injury: Examination of parental posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories following child accidental injury. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 35 (6), 646–655.

Lee, P. W. H. et al. (1996). An episode of syncope attacks in adolescent schoolgirls: Investigations, interventions and outcome. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 69, 247–257.

Lehmann, P. (1997). The development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of child witnesses to mother assault. Journal of Family Violence. 13, 241–257.

Lengua, L. J. (2002). The contribution of emotionality and self–regulation to the understanding of children’s response to multiple risk. Child Development, 73, 144–161.

Lengua, L. J., Long, A. C., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2007). Pre-attack stress–load, appraisals, and coping in children’s responses to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 1219–1227.

Lengua, L. J., Long, A. C., Smith, K. I., & Meltzoff, A. N. (2005) Pre-attack symptomatology and temperament as predictors of children’s responses to the September 11 terrorist attacks. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 631–645.

Lesmana, C. B. J., Suryani, L. K., Jensen, G. D., Tilipoulos., N. (2009). A spiritual-hypnosis assisted treatment of children with PTSD after the Bali Terrorist Attack. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 52, 23–34.

Lesser, Y. (2007). Potential space: knowing and not knowing in the treatment of traumatized children and young people. British Journal of Social Work, 37, 23–37.

Levenson, R., Memoli, M., & Flannery, R. (2000). Coping with psychological aftermath of school violence: the teacher and the assaulted staff action program. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 2, 105–112.

Levy, D. M. (1938 November). "Release therapy" in young children. Paper presented at the Child Guidance Session of the Fiftieth Anniversary Conference and Institute of the Child Study Association, November 17.

Levy, E. (1959). Children's behavior under stress and its relation to training by parents to respond to stress situations. Child Development, 30, 307–324.

Levy, A., & Wall, J. (2000). Children who have witnessed community homicide: incorporating risk and resilience in clinical work. Families in Society, 81, 402 – 411.

Levi, R. B., Drotar, D., Yeates, K. O., & Taylor, H. G. (1999). Posttraumatic stress symptoms in children following orthopedic or traumatic brain injury. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 28, 232–243.

Lewis, M. W., & Lewis, A. C. (1996). Peer helping programs: helper role, supervisor training, and suicidal behavior. Journal of Counseling & Development, 74, 307–313.

Liamwanich, K., Ngamsamit, N., Nakpomgphun, A., Chinajitphant, N., Burapakajornpong, N., Thongphitakwong, W. et. al. (2007). Cognitive-behavioral intervention for young Tsunami victims. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 90, 618–523.

Libov, B. G., Nevid, J. S., Delcovitz, D., & Carmony, T. M. (2002). Posttraumatic stress symptomatalogy in mothers of pediatric cancer survivors. Psychology and Health, 17, 501–511.

Lieberman, A. F., Ghosh Ippen, C., & Van Horn, P. (2006). Child-parent psychotherapy: 6-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(8), 913–918.

Lieberman, A. F., & Knorr, K. (2007). The impact of trauma: a developmental framework for infancy and early childhood. Pediatric Annals, 36(4), 209–215.

Lieberman, A. F., & Van Horn, P. (2008). Psychotherapy with infants and young children. New York: The Guilford Press.

Lieberman, A. F., & Van Horn, P. (2009). Giving voice to the unsayable: repairing the effects of trauma in infancy and early childhood. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 18(3), 707–720.

Lieberman, A. F., Van Horn, P. & Ozer, E. J. (2005). Preschooler witnesses of marital violence: Predictors and mediators of child behavior problems. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 385–396.

Lieberman, A. F., van Horn, P. & Ippen, C. G. (2005). Toward evidence-based treatment: child–parent psychotherapy with preschoolers exposed to marital violence, Journal American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 1241–1248.

Liedl, A., O’Donnell, M., Creamer, M., McFarlane, A., Knaevelsrud, C., & Bryant, R. B. (2010). Support for the mutual maintenance of pain and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Psychological Medicine, 40, 1215–1223.

Liem, J. H., Jacquelyn B. J., O’Toole B.A., & Boudewyn, A. C. (1997). Assessing resilience in adults with histories of childhood sexual abuse. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 67, 594–606.

Lipschitz, D., Mayes, L. M., Rasmusson, A. M., Anyan, W., Billingslea, E., Gueorguieva, R., & Southwick, S. M. (2005). Baseline and modulated acoustic responses in adolescent girls with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 807–814.

Lipschitz, D., Rasmusson, A. M., & Southwick, S. M. (1998). Childhood posttraumatic stress disorder: A review of neurobiologic sequelae. Psychiatric Annals, 28, 452–457.

Lipschitz, D. S., Winegar, R. K., Hartnick, E., Foote, B., & Soutwick, S. M. (1999). Posttraumatic stress disorder in hospitalized adolescents: Psychiatric comorbidity and clinical correlates. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 384–392.

Little, S. G., Akin-Little, A., & Gutierrez, F. (2009). Children and traumatic events: Therapeutic techniques for psychologists working in the schools. Psychology in Schools, 46, 199–205.

Liverant, G. I., Hofmann, S. G., & Litz, B. T. (2004). Coping and anxiety in college students after the September 11^th terrorist attacks. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 17, 127–139.

Lochman, J. E., Boxmeyer, C., Powell, N., Wojnaroski, M., & Yaros, A. (2007). The use of the coping power program to treat a 10-year-old girl with disruptive behaviors. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 36, 677–687.

Loftus, E. F., Garry, M., & Feldman, J. (1994). Forgetting sexual trauma: what does it mean when 38% forget? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 1177–1181.

Lonigan, C., Anthony, J., & Shannon, M. (1998). Diagnostic efficacy of posttraumatic symptoms in children exposed to disaster. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 27, 255–267.

Lonigan, C. J., Shannon, M. P., Taylor, C. M., Finch, A. J., Daugherty, T. K., & Taylor, C. M.  (1991). Children’s reactions to a natural disaster: symptom severity and degree of exposure.  Advances in Behavioral Research & Therapy, 13, 135–154.

Lonigan, C. J., Shannon, M. P., Taylor, C. M., Finch, A. J., & Sallee, F. R. (1994). Children exposed to disaster: II. Risk factors for the development of post–traumatic symptomatology. Journal of American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 94–105.

Looman, W. S. (2006). A developmental approach to understanding drawings and narratives from children displaced by hurricane Katrina. Journal of Pediatric Health Care. 20, 158–166.

Lopez, U., Habre, W., van der Linden, M., & Iselin-Chaves, I. A. (2008). Intra-operative awareness in children and post-traumatic stress disorder. Anaesthesia, 63, 474–481.

Lovett, J.  (1999). Small Wonders. Healing childhood trauma with EMDR. New York: The Free Press.

Lowenstein, L. B. (1995). The resolution scrapbook as an aid in the treatment of traumatized children. Child Welfare, 74, 889–904.

Lubetzky, O., & Gilat, I. (2002). The impact of premature birth on fear of personal death and attachment styles in adolescence. Death Studies, 26, 523–543.

Lundin, T., & Jansson, L. (2007). Traumatic impact of a fire disaster on survivors – A 25-year follow-up of the 1978 hotel fire in Borås, Sweden. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 61, 479–485.

Luce, A., Firth–Cozens, J., Midgley, S., & Burges, C. (2002). After the Omagh bomb: Posttraumatic stress disorder in health service staff. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15, 27–30.

Lusyne, P., & Page, H. (2008). The impact of children on parent’s risk of suicide following death of spouse, Belgium 1991-96.Population Studies, 62, 55–67.

Luthar, S. S. (1993). Annotation: methodological and conceptual issues in research on childhood resilience. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 441–453.

Lutz, W. J., Hock, E., & Kang, M. J. (2007). Children’s communication about distressing events: The role of emotional openness and psychological attributes of family members. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77, 86–94.

Lyons–Ruth, K. & Block, D. (1996). The disturbed caregiving system: relations among childhood, trauma, maternal caregiving, and infant affect and attachment. Infant Mental Health Journal, 17, 257–275.

Macdonald, G. M., Higgins, J. P. T., & Ramchandani, P. (2006). Cognitive-behavioural interventions for children who have been sexually abused (review). The Cochrane Library.

Macy, R. D., Macy, D. J., Gross, S., & Brighton, P. (2006). Basic training manual for the 9-session CBI. Version 4.0. A psychosocial, trauma informed, structured intervention for youth facing life threat and other extreme traumatic stress exposures. The Center for Trauma Psychology.

Macy, R. D., Macy, D. J., Gross, S., & Brighton, P. (2006). Basic training manual for the 15-session CBI. Version 4.01. A psychosocial, trauma informed, structured intervention for youth facing life threat and other extreme traumatic stress exposures. The Center for Trauma Psychology.

MacMillan, H., L., Fleming, J.,E., Streiner, D., L., Lin, E., Boyle, M., H, Jamieson, E., Duku, E., K., Walsh, C., A., Wong, M., Y., Y., & Beardslee, W., R. (2001). Childhood abuse and lifetime psychopathology in a community sample. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1878–1883.                

Maccoll, G. J, (2007). A 9/11 parent support group. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 57, 347–366.

Madge, N. (1983). Unemployment and its effects on children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 24, 311–319.

Madrid, P. A., Grant, R., Reilly, & Redlener, N. B. (2006). Short-term impact of a major disaster on children’s mental health: Building resiliency in the aftermath of hurricane Katrina. Pediatrics, 117, 448–453.

Major, E. F. (1997). Barn til konsentrasjonsleirfanger – er de bærere av foreldrenes traumer? Linjer, 1, 8–11.

Mallon, F., & Best, C. (1995). Trauma in school: a psychological service response. Educational psychology in Practice, 10, 231–237.

Malmquist, C. P. (1986). Children who witness parental murder: posttraumatic aspects. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 25, 320–325.

Malmquist, C. P. (1985). Children who witness violence: tortuous aspects. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry, 13, 221–231.

Mann, B. J., & Sanders, S. (1994). Child dissociation and the family context. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 22, 373–388.

Mannarino, A. P., Cohen, J. A., Smith, J. A., & Moore–Motily, S. (1991). Six– and twelve–month follow–up of sexually abused girls. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 6, 494–511.

Manne, S. (2009). Commentary: Adopting to a broad perspective on posttraumatic stress disorder, childhood medical illness and injury. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 34, 22–26.

March, J. S., Amaya–Jackson, L., Murray, M. C., & Schulte, A. (1998). Cognitive–behavioral psychotherapy for children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder after a single–incident stressor. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 585–593.

March, J. S., Amaya–Jackson, L., Terry, R., & Costanzo, P. (1997). Posttraumatic symptomatology in children and adolescents after an industrial fire. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1080–1088.

Margolin, G., & Gordis, E. (2000). The effects of family and community violence on children. Annual Review of Psychology, 51 445–479.

Margolin, G., Ramos, M. C., & Guran, E. L. (2010). Earthquakes and children: The role of psychologist with families and communities. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 41, 1–9.

Margolin, G., & Vickerman, K. A. (2007). Posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents exposed to family violence: I. Overview and Issues. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 38, 613–619.

Markward, M. J. (1997). The impact of domestic violence on children. Families in society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 78, 66–70.

Markward, M. J., Cline, S., & Markward, N. J. (2001). Group socialization, the Internet and school shootings. Violent Youth,.., 135–146.

Marsee, M. A. (2008). Reactive aggression and posttraumatic stress in adolescents affected by the hurricane Katrina. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37, 519–529.

Martin, L. R., Friedman, H. S., Clark, K. M., & Tucker, J, S. (2005). Longevity following the experience of parental divorce. Social Science & Medicine, 61, 2177–2189.

Martinez, P., & Richters, J. E. (1993). The NIMH community violence project: II. Children’s distress symptoms associated with violence exposure. Psychiatry, 56, 22–35.

Masten, A. S., & Osofsky, J. D. (2010). Disasters and their impact on child development: Introduction to the special section. Child Development, 81 (4), 1029–1160.

Mathews, T., Dempsey, M., & Overstreer, S. (2009). Effects of exposure to community violence on school functioning: the meditating role of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 586–591.

Mathews, C. A., Kaur, N., & Stein, M. B. (2008). Childhood trauma and obsessive –compulsive symptoms. Depression and Anxiety, 25, 742–751.

Matthey, S. (1988). Cognitive–behavioral treatment of a thunder–phobic child. Behavior Change, 5, 80–84.

Max, J. E., Castillo, C. S., Robin, D. A., Lindgren, S. D., Smith, W. L., Sato, Y., & Arndt, S. (1998). Posttraumatic stress symptomalogy after childhood traumatic brain injury. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 186, 589–596.

May, J, C. (2005). Family attachment narrative therapy: healing the experience of early childhood maltreatment. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 31, 221–237.

Mayers, H. A. (2005). Treatment of a traumatized adolescent mother and her two-year old son. Clinical Social Work Journal, 33, 419–431.

McCart, M. R., Davies, W. H., Harris, R., Wincek, J., Calhoun, A. D., & Melzer-Lange, M. D. (2005). Assessment of trauma symptoms among adolescent assault victims. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36, 70.e–70.e13.

McCart, M. R., Smith, D. W., Saunders, B. E., Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H., & Ruggerio, K. J. (2007). Do urban adolescents become desensitized to community violence? Data from a national survey. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77, 434–442.

McCloskey, L. A., & Walker, M. (2000). Posttraumatic stress in children exposed to family violence and single–event trauma. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 108–115.

McDermott, B., & Cvitanovich, A. (1999). Posttraumatic stress disorder and emotional problems in children following motor vehicle accidents: an extended case series. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 34, 446–452.

McDermott, B., & Palmer, L. (1999). Post–disaster service provision following proactive identification of children with emotional distress and depression. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 33, 855–863.

McDermott, B. M., & Palmer, L. J. (2002). Postdisaster emotional distress, depression and event–related variables: findings across child and adolescent developmental stages. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36, 754–761.

Mc Dermottt, B., & Palmer, L. J. (2002). Postdisaster emotional distress, depression and event–related variable: finding across child and adolescent developmental stages. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36, 754–761.

McDermott, B.M., Lee, E.M., Judd, M., & Gibbon, P. (2005). Posttraumatic stress disorder and general psychopathology in children and adolescents following a wildfire disaster. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 50, 137–143.

McFarlane, A. C. (1987). Family functioning and overprotection following a natural disaster. The longitudinal effects of post–traumatic morbidity. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 21, 210–218.

McFarlane, A. C. (2009). Military deployment: the impact on children and family adjustment and the need for care. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 22, 369–373.

McFarlane, A., Policansky, S. K., & Irwin, C. (1987). A longitudinal study of the psychological morbidity in children due to a natural disaster. Psychological Medicine, 17, 727–738.

McFarlane, A. C., & van Hoof, M. (2009). Impact of children exposure to a natural disaster on adult mental health: 20-year longitudinal follow-up study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 195, 142–148.

McGarvey, T. P., & Haen, C. (2005). Intervention strategies for treating traumatized siblings in a pediatric impatient unit. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 3, 395–408.

McKay, M. M., Lynn, C. J., & Bannon, W. M. (2005). Understanding inner city child mental health need and trauma exposure: Implications for preparing urban service providers. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75, 201–210.

McKinnon, A. C., Nixon, R. D. V., & Brewer, N. (2008). The influence of data-driven processing on perceptions of memory quality and intrusive symptoms in children following traumatic events. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 766–775.