Children and adolescents, trauma and disasters. A reference list compiled by dr philos. Atle Dyregrov Center for Crisis Psychology, Bergen, Norway

Ellis, J. A., & Spanos, N. P. (1994). Cognitive–behavioral interventions for children's distress during bone marrow aspirations and lumbar punctures: a critical review. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 9, 96–108.

El-Sheikh, M., Buckhalt, J. A., Mize, J., & Acebo, C. (2006). Marital conflict and disruption of children’s sleep. Child Development, 77, 31–43.

Eide-Midtsand, N. (1991). Traumatiserte barns dramalek: I. Noen typiske trekk ved post–traumatisk lek, illustrert med utdrag fra en tolvårings dramatisering av sine misbrukserfaringer. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening, 28, 871–885.

Eide-Midtsand, N. (1991). Traumatiserte barns lek: II. Lekens formidlingsmåte og formidlingsverdi – med spesiell referanse til rettsforhandlinger omkring seksuelle forbrytelser mot barn. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening, 28, 967–980.

Eide-Midtsand, N. (2002). Den barneterapeutiske dialogen: III. Formidling gjennom symbollek og induktivt drama. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening,39,806–814.

Elklit, A. (2002). Victimization and PTSD in a Danish national youth probability sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 174–181.

Elklit, A., & Petersen, T. (2008). Exposure to traumatic events among adolescents in four nations. Torture, 18, 1–10.

Elmer, E. (1977). A follow–up study of traumatized children. Pediatrics, 59, 273–279.

Endo, T., Shioiri, T., Someya, T., Toyabe, S., & Akazawa, K. (2007). Parental mental health affects behavioural changes in children following a devastating disaster: a community survey after the 2004 Niigata-Chuetsu earthquake. General Hospital Psychiatry, 29, 175–176.

English, D. J. (2003). The importance of understanding a child’s maltreatment experience cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27, 877–882.

Eriksen, L. (1999). Dommeravhør og observasjon av små barn som vitner i straffesaker. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologiforening, 36, 210–217.

Erol, N., Simsek, Z., Öner, Ö., & Munir, K. (2005). Effects of internal displacement and settlement on the mental health of Turkish children and adolescent. European Psychiatry, 20, 152–157.

Espejo, E. P., Hammen, C. L., Conolly, N. P., Brennan, P. A., Najman, J. M., & Bor, W. (2007). Stress sensitization and adolescent depressive severity as a function of childhood adversity: A link to anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 287–299.

Essau, C. A., Conradt, J. & Petermann, F. (1999). Häufigkeit der posttraumatischen blastnungsstörung bei jgendlichen: ergebnisse der Bremer jugendstudie. Zeitschrift für Kinder – und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 27, 37–45

Eth, S., & Pynoos, R. S. (1985). Post–traumatic stress disorder in children. Washington, American Psychiatric Press.

Eth, S., & Pynoos, R. S. (1985). Developmental perspective on psychic trauma in childhood. In C. R. Figley (Red.): Trauma and its wake. New York: Brunner/Mazel.

Eth, S., & Pynoos, R.S. (1994). Children who witness the homicide of a parent. Psychiatry: Interpersonal & Biological Processes, 57, 287–306.

Eth, S., & Pynoos, R. S. (1994). Children who witness the homicide of a parent, Psychiatry, 57, 287–306.

Farrell, S. P., Hains, A. A., & Davies W. H. (1998). Cognitive behavioral interventions for sexually abused children exhibiting PTSD symptomatology. Behavior Therapy, 29, 241–255.

Famularo, R., Fenton, T. Kinscherff, R., & Augustyn, M. (1996). Psychiatric comorbidity in childhood post traumatic stress disorder. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20, 953–961.

Famularo, R., Kinscherff, R., & Fenton, T. (1991). Posttraumatic stress disorder among children clinically diagnosed as borderline personality disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 179, 428–431.

Fast, I., & Chetnik, M. (1976). Aspects of depersonalization – Derealization in the experience of children. International Review of Psycho–Analysis, 3, 483–490.

Feather, J. S., & Ronan, K. R. (2006). Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for abused children with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: a pilot study. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 35, 132–145.

Feeney, N. C., Treadwell, K. R., Foa, E. B., & March, J. (2004). Posttraumatic stress disorder in youth: A critical review of the cognitive and behavioral treatment outcome literature. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 35, 466–476.

Feeney, N. C., Zoellner, L. A., & Kahana, S. Y. (2009). Providing a treatment rationale for PTSD: Does what we say matter? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 752–760.

Fein, J. A., Kassam-Adams, N., Gavin, M., Huang, R., Blanchard, D., & Datner, E. (2002). Persistence of posttraumatic stress in violently injured youth seen in the emergency department. Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, 156,836–840.

Felson, R.B., Liska, A. E., South, S. J., & McNulty, T. L. (1994). The subculture of violence and delinquency: individual vs. school context effects. Social Forces, 73, 155–173.

Fernandez, I., Gallinari, E., & Lorenzetti, A. (2003). A school-based eye movement desensitization and reprocessing intervention for children who witnessed the Pirelli building airplane crash in Milan, Italy. Journal of Brief Therapy, 2, 129–136.

Fiddler, M., Phil, M., Jackson, J., Kapur, N., Wells, & A., Creed, F. (2004). Childhood adversity and frequent medical consultations. General Hospital Psychiatry, 26, 367–377.

Flinn, M. V., & England, B. G. (1995). Childhood stress and family environment. Current Anthropology, 36, 854–866.

Field, T., Diego, M. A., Dieter, J., Hernandez–Reif, M., Schanberg, S., Kuhn, C., Yando, R., & Bendell, D. (2001). Depressed withdrawn and intrusive mothers’ effect on their fetuses and neonates. Infant Behavior & Development, 24, 27–39.

Field, T., Hernandez-Rief, M., Diego, M., Feijo, L., Vera, Y., & Gil, K. (2004). Massage therapy by parents improves early growth and development. Infant Behavior & Development, 27, 435–442.

Field, T., Kilmer, T., Hernandez–Reif, M., & Burman, I. (1996). Preschool children’s sleep and wake behavior: effects of massage therapy. Early Child Development and Care, 120, 39–44.

Field, T., Seligman, S., Scafidi, F., & Schanberg, S. (1996). Alleviating posttraumatic stress in children following hurricane Andrew. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 17, 37–50.

Fields, S. A., & McNamara, J. R. (2003). The prevention of child and adolescent violence. A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 8, 61 – 91.

Finkelhor, D. (1995). The victimization of children: a developmental perspective. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 65, 177–193.

Fish–Murray, C. C., Koby, E. V., & Kolk, B. A. van der (1987). Evolving ideas: the effect of abuse on children's thought. In Kolk, B. A. van der (Ed.), Psychological Trauma (89–110). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Fishman, S. H. (1981). Losing a loved one to incarceration: the effect of imprisonment on family members. Personnel and Guidance Journal, February, 372–375.

Flory, K., Kloos, B., Hankin, B. L., & Cheely, C. A. (2008). Clinical research after catastrophic disasters: Lessons learned from hurricane Katrina. Professional Psychology Research & Practice, 39, 107–112.

Flynn, B. W., & Nelson, M. E. (1998). Understanding the needs of children following large–scale disasters and the role of government. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 7, 211–227.

Fremont, W. (2004). Childhood reactions to terrorism-induced trauma: A review of the past 10 years. Journal American Academic Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 381–392.

Forbes, F., Duffy, J. C., Mok, J., & Lemvig, J. (2003). Early intervention service for non–abusing parents of victims of child sexual abuse. British Journal of Psychiatry, 183, 66–72.

Ford, J., Thomas, J., Racusin, R., Daviss, W., Ellis, C., Rogers, K., Reiser, J., Schiffman, J., & Sengupta, A. (1999). Trauma exposure among children with oppositional defiant disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 786–789.

Foy, D. W., Madvig, B. T., Pynoos, R. S., & Camilleri (1996). Etiologic factors in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents. Journal of School Psychology, 34, 133–145.

Franck, L.S., Sheikh, A., Oulton, K. (2008). What helps when it hurts: children`s views on pain relief. Child: care, health and development, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 8 October 2007.

Freeman, J., Epson, D., &  Lobovits, D. (1997)  Playful Approaches to Serious Problems, N.Y.: W.W. Norton & Co. Inc.

Freiberg, P. (1991). Killing by kids 'epidemic' forecast. The APA Monitor, 22, 1–31.

Freyd, J. J. (1994). Betrayal trauma: traumatic amnesia as an adaptive response to childhood abuse. Ethics & Behavior, 4, 307–329.

Freyd, J. J. (1996). Betrayal Trauma. The Logic of forgetting childhood abuse. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Friedrich, W. (1991). Hypnotherapy with traumatized children. The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 39, 67–81.

Gaensbauer, T. J. (1994). Therapeutic work with a traumatized toddler. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 49, 412–433.

Gaensbauer, T. (2000). Psychotherapeutic treatment of traumatized infants and toddlers. A case report. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 5, 373–385.

Gaensbauer ,T., Chatoor, I., Drell, M., Siegel, D., & Zeanah CH. (1995). Traumatic loss in a one-year-old girl. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 520–528.

Gaensbauer, T., & Siegel, C. H. (1995). Therapeutic approaches to posttraumatic stress disorder in infants and toddlers. Infant Mental Health Journal, 16, 292–305.

Gaffney, D. A. (2006). The aftermath of disaster: Children in crisis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 1001–1026.

Gaffney, D. (2008). Families, schools, and disaster. Family Community Health, 31, 44–53.

Galante, R., & Foa, D. (1986). An epidemiological study of psychic trauma and treatment effectiveness for children after a natural disaster. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 25, 357–363.

Gallo, A. D., Barton, J., & Parry–Jones, W. L. (1997). Road traffic accidents: early psychological consequences in children and adolescents. British Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 358–362.

Galovski, T. E., Monson, C., Bruce, S. E., & Resick, P. A. (2009). Does cognitive–behavioral therapy for PTSD improve perceived health and sleep impairment? Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22, 197–204.

Gammonley, D., & Dziegielewski, S. F. (2006). Crisis intervention responses to children victimized by terrorism: Children are not little adults. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 6, 22–35.

Garbarino, J. (1993). Children's response to community violence: what do we know? Infant Mental Health Journal, 14, 103–115.

Garbarino, J. (1995). Raising children in a socially toxic environment. San Francisco: Jossey–Bass Publishers.

Garbarino, J. (1998). The stress of being a poor child in America. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 7, 105–119.

Garbarino, J. (1998). Children in a violent world. Family and Conciliation Courts Review, 36, 360–367.

Garbarino, J., & Bedard, C., (1996). Spiritual challenges to children facing violent trauma. Childhood: A Global Journey of Child Research, 3, 467–478.

Garbarino, J., Kostelny, K., & Dubrow, N. (1991). What children can tell us about living in danger. American Psychologist, 46, 376–383.

Garmezy, N., Masten, A. S., & Tellegen, A. (1984). The study of stress and competence in children: a building block for developmental psychopathology. Child Development, 55, 97–111.

Garrett, A. L., Grant, R., Madrid, P., Brito, A., Abramson, D., & Redlener, I. (2007). Children and megadisasters: Lessons learned in the new millennium. Advances in Pediatrics, 54, 189–214.

Garrison, C. Z., Bryant, E. S., Addy, C. L., Spurrier, P. G., Freedy, J. R., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in adolescents after hurricane Andrew. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 1193–1201.

Gelkopf, M., & Berger, R. (2009). A school-based, teacher-mediated prevention program (ERASE-stress) for reducing terror-related traumatic reactions in Israeli youth: a quasi-randomized controlled trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 962–971.

Gelkopf, M., Ryan, P., Cotton, S. J., & Berger, R. (2008). The impact of “training the trainers” course for helping Tsunami-survivor children on Sri Lankan disaster volunteer workers. International Journal of Stress Management, 15, 117–135.

Geller, P. A., Neugebauer, R., Possemato, A. K., Walter, P., Dummit, E. S., Silva, R. R. (2007). Psychometric properties of Darryl, a cartoon based measure to assess community violence-related PTSD in children. Psychiatric Quarterly, 78, 157—168.

Gerhardt, C. A., Yopp, J. M., Leininger, L., Valerius, K. S., Correll, J., Vannatta, K., & Noll, R. B. (2007). Brief report: Post-traumatic stress during emerging adulthood in survivors of pediatric cancer. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 32, 1018–1023.

Gershoff, E. T., Aber, J. L., Ware, A., & Kotler, J. A. (2010). Exposure to 9/11 among youth and their mothers in New York City: Enduring associations with mental health and sociopolitical attitudes. Child Development, 81 (4), 1142–1160.

Giaconia, R. M., Reinherz, H. Z., Silverman, A. B., Pakiz, B., Frost, A. K., & Cohen, E. (1995). Traumas and posttraumatic stress disorder in a community population of older adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 1369–1380.

Giannopoulo, J., Dikaiakou, A., & Yule, W. (2006). Cognitive–behavioural group intervention for PTSD symptoms in children following the Athens 1999 earthquake: A pilot study. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 11, 543–553.

Giannopoulo, I., Strouthos, M., Smith, P., Dikaiakou, A., Galanopoulo, V., & Yule, W. (2006). Post-traumatic stress reactions of children and adolescents exposed to the Athens 1999 earthquake. European Psychiatry, 21, 160–166.

Gill, S., Gulsvig, L., & Peek, L. (2008). Children and disasters annotated resource list. Children, Youth and Environments, 18, 485–510.

Gil-Rivas, V., Silver, R. C., Holman, E. A., McIntosh, D. N., & Poulin, M. (2007). Parental response and adolescent adjustment to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20, 1063–1068.

Gladstone, B. M-C., Boydell, K. M., & McKeever, P. (2006). Recasting research into children’s experiences of parental mental illness: beyond risk and resilience Social Science & Medicine, 62, 2540–2550.

Glaser, J-P., van Os, J., Portegijs, P. J. M., Myin-Germeys, I. (2006). Childhood trauma and emotional reactivity to daily life stress in adult frequent attenders of general practitioners. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 61, 229–236.

Gleason, W. J. (1995). Children of battered women: developmental delays and behavioral dysfunction. Violence & Victims, 10, 153–160.

Gleason, M. M., Egger, H. L., Emslie, G. J., Greenhill, L. L., Kowatch, R. A., Lieberman, A. F., et al. (2007). Psychopharmacological treatment for very young children: contexts and guidelines. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(12), 1532–1572.

Glew, G. M., Fan. M-Y., Katon, W., Rivara, F. P., & Kernic, M. A. (2005). Bullying, psychosocial adjustment, and academic performance in elementary school. Archieves Pediatric Adolescent Medicine, 159, 1026–1031.

Godeau, E., Vignes, C., Navarro, F., Iachan, R., Ross, J., Pasquier, C., & Guinard, A. (2005). Effects of large-scale industrial disaster on rates of symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder among schoolchildren in Toulouse. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 159, 579–584.

Goenjian, A. K., Karayan, I., Pynoos, R. S., Minassian, D., Najarian, L. M., Steinberg, A. M., & Fairbanks, L. A. (1997). Outcome of psychotherapy among early adolescents after trauma. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 536–542.

Goenjian, A., K., Molina, L., Steinberg, A., M., Fairbanks, L., A., Alvarez, M., L., Goenjian, H., A., & Pynoos, R., S. (2001). Posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions among Nicaraguan adolescents after hurricane Mitch. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 788–794.

Goenjian, A. K., Pynoos, R. S., Steinberg, A. M., Endres, D., Abraham, K., Geffner, M. E., & Fairbanks, L. A. (2003). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity among Armenian adolescents with PTSD symptoms. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16, 319–323.

Goenjian, A. K., Pynoos, R. S., Steinberg, A. M., Najarian, L. M., Asarnow, J. R., Karayan, I., Ghurabi, M., & Fairbanks, L. A. (1995). Psychiatric comorbidity in children after the 1988 earthquake in Armenia. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 1174–1184.

Goenjian, A., Stilwell, B. M., Steinberg, A. M., Fairbanks, L. A., Galvin, M. R., Karayan, I., & Pynoos, R. S. (1999). Moral development and psychopathological interference in conscience functioning among adolescents after trauma. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 376–384.

Goenjian, A. K., Waling, D., Steinberg, A. M., Karayan, I., Najarian, L. M., & Pynoos, R. (2005). A prospective study of posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions among treated and untreated adolescents 5 years after a catastrophic disaster. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 2302–2308.

Goenjian, A. K., Walling, D., Steinberg, A. M., Roussos, A., Goenjian, H. A., & Pynoos, R. S. (2008). Depression and PTSD symptoms among bereaved adolescents 6 ½ years after the 1998 Spitak earthquake. Journal of Affective Disorders, 112, 81–84.

Goldstein, A. P., & Conoley, J. C. (1997). School Violence Intervention. New York: The Guilford Press.

Goodman, R. F., & Brown, E. J. (2008). Service and science in times of crisis. Developing, planning, and implementing a clinical research program for children traumatically bereaved after 9/11. Death Studies, 32, 154–180.

Goodman-Brown, T. B., Edelstein, R. S., Goodman, G. S., Jones, D. P. H., & Gordon, D. S. (2003). Why children tell. A model of children’s disclosure of sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27, 525–540.

Goodwin, J, M. (ed.). (1993). Rediscovering childhood trauma: historical casebook and clinical applications. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Gordon, J. S., Staples, J. K., Blyta, A., & Bytyqi, M. (2004). Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in postwar Kosovo high school students using mind-body skills groups: A pilot study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17, 143 147.

Gordon, N. S., Faberow, N. L., & Maida, C. A. (1999). (Eds.) Children & disasters. Philadelphia: Brunner/Mazel.

Graham-Bermann, S. A., Banyard, V., Halabu, H., Lynch, S., & DeVoe, E. R. (2007). Community-based intervention for children exposed to intimate partner violence: an efficacy trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 199–209.

Graham-Bermann, S. A., Howell, K., Habarth, J., Krishnan, S., Loree, A., & Bermann, E. A. (2008). Toward assessing traumatic events and stress symptoms in preschool children from low-income families. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78, 220–228.

Grant, K, E., Compas, B. E., Thurm, A. E., McMahon, S. D., Gipson, P. Y., Campbell, A. J., Krochock, K., & Westerholm, R. I. (2006). Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: Evidence of moderating and mediating effects. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 257–283.

Green, B., Korol, M., Lindy, J., Gleser, G., & Kramer, L. A. (1991). Children and disaster: age, gender, and parental effects on PTSD symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 945–951.

Green, B. L., Grace, M. C., Vary, M. G., Kramer, T. L., Gleser, G. C., & Leonard, A. C. (1994). Children and disaster in the second decade: a 17–year follow–up of Buffalo Creek survivors. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 71–79.

Greenberg, H. S. (1994).  Responses of children and adolescents to a fire in their homes.  Child and Adolescent Work Journal, 11, 475–492.

Greenberg, S. F. (2007). Active shooters on college campuses: Conflicting advice, roles of the individual and first responder, and the need to maintain perspective. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 1, 57–61.

Greenwald, R. (Ed.).(2005). Child Trauma Handbook. New York: The Haworth Press Inc.

Greif, G. L. (2009). The long-term aftermath of child abduction: Two case studies and implications for family therapy. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 37, 273–286.

Gross, J. & Hayne, H. (1998). Drawing facilitates children’s verbal reports of emotionally laden events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 4, 163–179.

Groves, B. (1993). Silent victims. Journal of the American Medical Association, 269, 262–264.

Grupp-Phelan., J. (2005). Post-traumatic stress and its effect on health outcomes in children. Journal of Pediatrics, 146, 309–310.

Grych, J. H., Wachsmuth-Schlaefer, T., & Klockow, L. L. (2002). Interparental aggression and young children’s representations of family relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 16, 259–272.

Gudmundsdottir, H. S., Elklit, A., & Gudmundsdottir, D. B. (2006). PTSD and psychological distress in Icelandic parents in chronically ill children: Does social support have an effect on parental distress? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 47, 303–312.

Gump, B. B., Reihman, J., Stewart, P., Lonky, E., & Darvill, T. (2005). Terrorism and cardiovascular responses to acute stress in children. Health Psychology, 24, 594–600.

Gurwitch, R. H., Sullivan, M. A., & Long P. J. (1998). The impact of trauma and disaster on young children. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 7, 19–32.

Guterman, N. B., Hahm, H. C., & Cameron, M. (2002). Adolescent victimization and subsequent use of mental health counseling services. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30, 336–345.

Haen, C., & Brannon,K. H. (2002). Superheroes, monsters, and babies: roles of strength, destruction and vulnerability for emotionally disturbed boys. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 29, 31–40.

Hahn, R. A. (2008). Recommendations to reduce psychological harm from traumatic events among children and adolescents. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35, 314–316.

Halpern-Felsher, B. L., & Millstein, S. G. (2002). The effects of terrorism on teen’s perceptions of dying: The new world is riskier than ever. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30, 308–311.

Hardin, S. B., Weinrich, S., Weinrich, M., Garrison, C., Addy, C., & Hardin, T. (2003). Effects of a long-term psychosocial nursing intervention on adolescents exposed to catastrophic stress. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 23, 537–551.

Hardin, S. B., Weinrich, M., Weinrich, S., Hardin, T. L., & Garrison, C. (1994). Psychological distress of adolescents exposed to hurricane Hugo. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 7, 427–440.