Commonwealth of Australia 2000
Toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
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- 9.3Toxicity to algae and aquatic plants
9.2Toxicity to aquatic invertebratesData on the acute toxicity of acrylonitrile to aquatic invertebrates are summarised in Table 12. Table 12: Acute toxicity of acrylonitrile to aquatic invertebrates
* Both the SIDS Initial Assessment Report (HSA, 1998) and the report from the German Chemical Society (Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, 1993) claim the results for the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus and the freshwater mollusc Radix peregra, which have been taken from studies of which only English summaries were available, cannot be validated and are not suitable for risk assessment purposes. No data are given in the abstracts regarding test conditions.
The SIDS Initial Assessment Report (HSA, 1998) outlines two studies carried out at 14 and 21 days on Daphnia magna. The results were identical, with a NOEC for survival of 2 mg/L nominal, and a NOEC for reproduction of 0.5 mg/L. It is stated that the experimental data showed little or no dose response for both survival and reproduction in the concentration range used, making it difficult to establish how these values were derived. The SIDS Initial Assessment Report (HSA, 1998) also reports on a US EPA result where a no adverse effect level of 3.6 mg/L in a life cycle study (21 days) in Daphnia was determined. No further information on this study was available. 9.3Toxicity to algae and aquatic plantsAccording to the SIDS Initial Assessment Report (HSA, 1998), the effect of acrylonitrile on cultivated seagrass (Ruppia maritima) showed that concentrations >100 mg/L completely inhibited photosynthesis and respiration, while lower acrylonitrile concentrations did not have any effect on these metabolic processes. When the number of leaves, roots and sprouts as well as the biomass were measured, lower concentrations of acrylonitrile (10-100 mg/L) were found to cause inhibition of growth rate. However, growth of roots was apparently stimulated at acrylonitrile concentrations below 1 mg/L. No firm conclusions were drawn from this test as further details were not available. A green algae (Scenedesmus subspicatus) test resulted in a 72 h EbC50 = 3.1 mg/L (nominal) and ErC50 >7.1 mg/L (nominal). The calculated NOEC was 0.8 mg/L. The effects of acrylonitrile on the growth of Skeletonema costatum, a unicellular chain forming marine diatom, were observed over a 72 h period. In this study, the 72 h EbC50 = 1.63 mg/L (measured mean) and ErC50 = 14.1 mg/L. The NOEC was 0.41 mg/L for effect on biomass and 3.0 mg/L for effect on growth rate.
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