1Granville, Bridgette and Peter Oppenheimer. Russia’s Post-Communist Economy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
2 Allen, Robert C. “The Rise and Decline of the Soviet Economy.” The Canadian Journal of Economics / Revue canadienne d'Economique. Vol. 34, No. 4 (Nov., 2001), pp. 859-881 Published by: Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the Canadian Economics Association. .
3 Manove, Michael. “A Model of Soviet-Type Economic Planning.” The American Economic Review, Vol. 61, No. 3, Part 1 (Jun., 1971), pp. 390-406: American Economic Association. .
4 Groskop, Viv. “How Russia’s New Super Rich are buying Cool.” The Observer online. 13 Jan. 2008. .
5 Ibid.
6 Doody, Justine. “New Russians, New Chic-Showiness Takes a BackSeat to Sophistication.” Synovate online. Sept. 2009. .
7 Ibid.
8 Veblen, Thorstein. “Theory of the Leisure Class.” Masterworks of Economics Vol 3. New York: McGraw-Hill: 265.
9 Ibid 278.
10 Charles, Hurst, et al. “Conspicuous Consumption and Race.” 2007. University of Chiacago: 14.
11 Ibid 5.
12Ibid 6.
13 Ibid 11.
14 Ibid 24.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid 28.
17Oushakine, Sergei Alex. “The Quantity of Style: Imaginary Consumption in the New Russia.” Theory, Culture & Society 2000. (SAGE, London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi),Vol.17(5): 98.
18 Ibid 99.
19 Ibid 100.
20 Ibid 100.
21 Ibid 107.
22 Ibid.
23 Ibid 108, 115.
24 Rask, Kolleen and Norman Rask. “Reaching Turning Points in Economic Transition: Adjustments to Distortions in Resource-based Consumption of Food.” Comparative Economic Studies. 2004, 46: 555.
25 Ibid 554-55.
26 Ibid 556.
27 Ibid 555-60.
28 Ibid 565-66.
29 The formerly Soviet countries group included: Russia, Ukraine, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Kazakhstan, Bulgaria, and Hungary. The non-Soviet group included: Israel, Italy, Germany, France, South Korea, Japan, United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Denmark.
30 Slovenia was the only country to have data available for 1988.
32 Shleifer, Andrei and DanielTreisman. “A Normal Country: Russia After Communism.” Journal of Economic Perspectives. 2005, vol 19:1 p.155.
33 Rask, 555-556.
34 The aggregated non Soviet countries group consisted of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Panama. Expenditure information was obtained from both Britannica Book of the Year (1993-2010) and the FAO Statistical Database.
35 “Russia’s Economy: Spend, spend, spend.” The Economist Moscow from print edition. 19 Jun 2003. .
