Contents 1 I. Basic Concepts 6



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Contents


Contents 1

I. Basic Concepts 6

A. Property: The Institution and the Idea 6



Kelo v. City of New London 6

1. Locke (S-1 pp. 3-13) 6



Locke’s Theory of Property 6

Locke’s Theory of Political Society and Government: 6

2. Blackstone and the American Founders 6



Blackstone (S-1 pp. 35-41) 6

Declaration of Independence (S-1 p. 43) 7

Bill of Rights (S-1 p. 45) 7

Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, 1787 (S-1 p. 47) 7

3. More of the Anglo-American Property Story 7



Bentham (S-1 p. 49) 7

Morris Cohen, Property and Sovereignty 7

Felix Cohen 7

Richard Weaver, “The Last Metaphysical Right” in Ideas Have Consequences 7

Charles Reich, “The New Property” in The Greening of America 8

Cass Sunstein, Constitutionalism After the New Deal 8

4. Property in the Civil Law Tradition: 8



Rousseau, The Social Contract 8

France: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen 8

Basic Law (West German Constitution) 8

Donald Kommers, The Constitutional Jurisprudence of the Federal Republic of Germany 8

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (S-1 p. 103) 9

5. Customary Property Notions: 9



Marc Bloch, Feudal Society 9

Donald Large, This Land is Whose Land? Changing Concepts of Land as Property 9

The Swedish Allemansratt 9

B. First Possession: Acquisition of Property by Discovery, Capture 9

1. Acquisition by Discovery 9

Johnson v. M’Intosh 10

2. Acquisition by Capture 10



Pierson v. Post 10

Ghen v. Rich 10

Keeble v. Hickeringill 10

3. Acquisition by Finding: 10



Armory v. Delmirie 11

Hannah v. Peel 11

McAvoy v. Medina 11

Popov v. Hayashi 11

C. Trespass Law and the “Right to Exclude” 12



Jacque v. Steenberg Homes, Inc. 12

People v. Likar 12

State v. Shack 12

PruneYard Shopping Center v. Robins 13

NJ Coalition Against War v. J.M.B. Realty 13

Appleby and Others v. United Kingdom 14

D. Adverse Possession 14



Ewing v. Burnett (U.S. 1837) (S-1 p. 195) 15

Van Valkenburgh v. Lutz (NY Ct. of Appeals 1952) (p. 122) 15

Mannillo v. Gorski (NJ 1969) (p. 136) 15

Howard v. Kunto 15

O’Keeffe v. Snyder 16

II. Gratuitous Transfer of Ownership (Gifts, Wills, and Will Substitutes) 17

A. Gifts 17



In Re Cohn 17

Newman v. Bost 17

Gruen v. Gruen 17

B. Gifts/Will Substitutes 18



Tygard v. McComb 18

In Re Totten 18

Malone v. Walsh 19

Blanchette v. Blanchette 19

The Nonprobate Revolution and the Future of the Law of Succession 19

C. Will Substitutes/Trusts 20



Smith’s Estate 20

Elyachar v. Gerel Corp 20

III. Co-Ownership and the Effects of Family Relations on Ownership 21

A. Co-Ownership 21



Riddle v. Harmon 22

Harms v. Sprague 22

Delfino v. Vealencis 22

Spiller v. Mackereth 23

Swartzbaugh v. Sampson 23

B. Property Allocation on Death 23



Blackstone 23

Mill – Principles of Political Economy (S-3 p. 19) 23

Freedom of Testation: 23



Hodel v. Irving 24

Langbein, “The Revolution in Family Wealth Transmission” 24

C. Marital Property 24



Sawada v. Endo 24

Marital Property Chart 24

D. Rights of Surviving Spouse 25



Strong v. Wood 25

Sullivan v. Burkin 26

E. Property Allocation on Divorce 26



Norris v. Norris 26

Rice v. Rice 26

In re Marriage of Graham 27

Elkus v. Elkus 27

F. Marriage Contracts 28



DeMatteo v. DeMatteo 28

G. Non-Marital Cohabitants, Civil Unions 28



Carlson v. Olson 28

Marvin v. Marvin 28

Vermont Civil Union Statute 29

IV. Purchase and Rental of Real Estate 30

A. Lawyer-Made Law (S-4 pp. 1-3) 30

B. Property Rights and Civil Rights 30

Fair Housing Act: (p. 431) 30

Civil Rights Act of 1868 (p. 433) 30

U.S. v. Starrett City 30

C. Purchase and Sale of Residential Property 31

1. Contract for Sale of Land: 31

South Carolina v. Buyer’s Service 31

2. Marketable Title: 31



Messer-Johnson v. Security Savings 31

3. The Doctrine of Equitable Conversion (DK 552-53): 31

4. Duty to Disclose Defects (p. 559) 31

Stambovsky v. Ackley 32

Johnson v. Davis 32

Lempke v. Dagenais 32

5. Deeds (p. 587): 33



Sweeney v. Sweeney 33

Rosengrant v. Rosengrant 33

D. Estates in Land 34

Bullet-point Notes on Estates 34

Benjamin Cardozo, The Nature of the Judicial Process: 35

1. Fee simple 35

2. Life Estates 35

White v. Brown 36

Zimmerman v. Shreeve 36

Rogers v. Atlantic, Gulf, & Pacific 36

3. Defeasible Estates (pp. 222-225) 36

E. Leasehold Estates (DK 419-22) 37

Types of Leases 37



Garner v. Gerrish 37

Hannan v. Dusch 38

Commercial v. Residential Leases 38

Subleases and Assignments (p. 442) 38

Ernst v. Conditt 38

Kendall v. Ernest Pestana, Inc. 39

Tenant’s Obligations 39

Landlord’s Remedies (p. 479) 39

Berg v. Wiley, MN 1978 (p. 460) 40

Sommer v. Kridel, NJ 1977 (p. 469) 40

New Jersey Eviction Statute (S-4 pp. 73-6) 40

Landlord’s Obligations and Tenant’s Remedies 40



Reste Realty Corp. v. Cooper 41

Hilder v. St. Peter 41

Chicago Board of Realtors 41

Berman v. Jefferson 42

Schill – The Case of Public Housing (S-4 p. 77) 42

V. Constitutional Law of Property 43

A. Property and Economic Regulation 43

1. Early cases 43

Calder v. Bull 43

Lochner v. New York 43

Coppage v. Kansas 43

2. The Due Process Cases 44



Nebbia v. New York 44

West Coast Hotel v. Parrish 44

Ferguson v. Skrupa 44

B. Takings and Public Use 44

The Power of Eminent Domain 44

Berman v. Parker 45

Poletown Neighborhood Council v. City of Detroit 45

Black Families Resist Mississippi Land Push 45

Hawaii Housing v. Midkiff 45

Wayne v. Hathcock 46

Kelo v. City of New London 46

C. When is a Regulation a Taking? 47



Hadachek v. Sebastian 48

Pennsylvania Coal v. Mahon 48

Penn Central Transportation Co. v. City of New York 48

Loretto v. Teleprompter Manhattan CATV 48

D. The Battle over Regulatory Takings 49



Keystone Bituminous v. DeBenedictus 49

First English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. LA County 49

Nollan v. California Coastal Commn 49

Hodel v. Irving (supra) 49

Pennell v. San Jose 49

E. Recent Developments 50



Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Commn 50

Dolan v. City of Tigard 50

Eastern Enterprises v. Apfel 50

F. And the Winner is? How do Today’s Cases Juggle these Rules? 51



Palazzolo v. Rhode Island 51

Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency 51

G. Remedies for Regulatory Takings (pp. 1166-70) 51






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