Corbicula an annotated bibliography 1774 2005



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IN: Proceedings of the Second International Corbicula Symposium, J. C. Britton, Ed. American Malacological Bulletin Special Edition No. 2. pp. 69 81.

Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) infestation was initially reported in May 1981 and increased substantially by the fall at the Celco Plant, Celanese Corporation, Narrows, Virginia, as clam numbers at the river pumphouse station increased from 2,529/m2 on 13 July 1981 to 269,105/m2 by 25 September 1981. Infestation in the plant increased throughout 1982 as clam numbers at the pumphouse increased from 2,465 to 23,869/m2 from 13 April 1982 to 29 November 1982. Spring spawning was documented on 8 June 1982 and 25 May 1983 at river temperatures of 17 22 and 14 17oC, respectively. Spawning was continuous throughout the summer and fall of 1982 and 1983 although a major fall spawn was observed at river temperatures of 8 22oC (11 October to 29 November 1982) and 16 24oC (29 September 1983). In plant continuous chlorination (less than or equal to 0.50 mg/l) for four weeks at the major spring and fall spawning periods was implemented in 1982 and continued in 1983 to reduce the incidents of clogged air conditioning condensers, oil cooling heat exchangers, industrial condensing recovery complexes and power generating units. Other anti fouling efforts used included the removal of clam laden sediment at the pumphouse and periodic flushing of water holding towers and dead pipe spaces within the plant. Benthic macroinvertebrate collections were made in the New River upstream, adjacent to and downstream of the plant before continuous chlorination was implemented and during the two years of its use. No discernable impact of continuous chlorination for clam control was observed on the invertebrate populations sampled in the river. Literature data suggested that fish populations in the New River area influenced by chlorination would avoid these discharges. Continuous chlorination had a positive effect in reducing the number of clam fouling incidents within the plant in 1983 since only six of the seven incidents reported were due to clam shells and not live clams.

Chevalier, A. 1827. L'Afrique Centrale Francaise.

Chevallier, H., R. Chretien and R. Letolle. 1969. Les corbiculids du gisement pleistocene de Cergy. Eighth Congress, INQUA, Paris. pp. 425 431.

The shell size, polymorphism, and habitat of fossil Corbicula fluminalis (Müller, 1774) is presented.

Chick, J. 1997. A Spatial Extension of the Match/mismatch Hypothesis and Its Relevance To Striped Bass Populations. Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation, University of Georgia (Athens). [see also Dissertation ABstracts, Part B: Science and Engineering 58(6):2771.

A combination of field surveys, laboratory experiments, and simulation modeling were used to examine the relevance of the match/mismatch hypothesis to the striped bass (Morone saxatilis) population in Lake Marion. Substantial spatial and temporal variation was found in the abundance and composition of zooplankton among potential nursery areas along the riverine to lentic gradient in the upper portion of this system. Microzooplankton (rotifers and copepod nauplii) abundance was up to two orders of magnitude greater in the lentic habitat than in the riverine or transitional habitats. Macrozooplankton (organisms >200/ μm) composition also varied along this gradient with adult copepods and cladocerans dominating the assemblage in the lentic habitat, but juvenile Corbicula fluminea dominant in the river and transitional habitats. Laboratory feeding experiments demonstrated that both among- and within-site variation of zooplankton observed in Lake Marion could have substantial effects on the foraging success of larval striped bass. In longer term experiments, larvae reared under prey conditions similar to those found in the lentic habitat were found to have faster growth and lower mortality rates than larvae reared under prey conditions similar to the riverine and transitional habitats. Behavioral experiments demonstrated that larvae reared in conditions similar to the riverine and transitional habitats also had slower routine swimming speed and were less responsive to simulated predator attacks than larvae reared in conditions similar to the lentic habitat.

Chick, J. H. and M. J. Van Den Avyle. 1999. Zooplankton variability and larval striped bass foraging: Evaluating potential match/mismatch regulation. Ecological Applications 9(1):320-334.

Temporal and spatial variability of zooplankton in three potential nursery sites (river, transition zone, lake) were quantified for larval striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in Lake Marion, South Carolina, during April and May 1993-1995. In two of three years, microzooplankton (rotifers and copepod nauplii) density was significantly greater in the lake site than in the river or transition zone. Macrozooplankton (>200 μm) composition varied among the three sites in all years with adult copepods and cladocerans dominant at the lake, and juvenile Corbicula fluminea dominant at the river and transition zone. Laboratory feeding experiments, simulating both among-site (site treatments) and within-site (density treatments) variability, were conducted in 1995 to quantify the effects of the observed zooplankton variability on foraging success of larval striped bass. A greater proportion of larvae fed in the lake than in the river or transition-zone treatments across all density treatments: mean (x), 10x and 100x. Larvae also ingested significantly more dry mass of prey in the lake treatment in both the mean and 10x density treatments. Field zooplankton and laboratory feeding data suggest that both spatial and temporal variability of zooplankton influence larval striped bass foraging. Prey density levels that supported successful foraging in our feeding experiments occurred in the lake during late April and May in 1994 and 1995 but were never observed in the river or transition zone. Because the rivers flowing into Lake Marion are regulated, it may be possible to devise flow management schemes that facilitate larval transport to the lake and thereby increase the proportion of larvae matched to suitable prey resources.

Chiou, T. K.. H. L. Lan and C. Y. Shiau. 1998. Changes in freshness of cultured freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea Müller) during storage at different temperatures. Journal of the Chinese Agricultural Chemical Society 36(4): 408.

Chiou, T. K.. H. L. Lan and C. Y. Shiau. 1999. Changes in adenosine triphosphate and related compounds and in free amino acids of freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea Müller) during storage at different temperatures. Journal of the Chinese Agricultural Chemical Society 37(1):42.

Cho, D. H., O. K. Kwon and S. B. Park. 1985. On the formation of the nacreous layer of freshwater bivalves. 2. SDS electrophoresis of extrapallial fluid. Korean Journal of Limnology 18(3 4):61 66. [Korean with English summary]

The protein content of the mantle extrapallial fluid of Corbicula fluminea is characterized.

Choi, W. C. and M. J. Ha. 1985. The composition of protein patterns of several species in Bivalvia by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Korean Journal of Zoology 28(2):61 70.

Corbicula fluminea producta is discussed.

Chordas, S. W. 2000. Investigations into Acute Potassium Intoxication in the Introduced Freshwater Bivalves Dreissena polymorpha and Corbicula fluminea. Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation, The Ohio State University (Columbus. xvii+160 pp.

Chordas, S. W., III, S. W. Fisher and P. C. Stromberg. 1996. Rubidium flux in the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771)) and Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774)). 17th Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Washington, D. C., 17-21 November

Chou, J.-B., C.-L. Huang and T.-H. Lee. 2001. Gill and mantle structures of the freshwater clam, Corbicula fluminea. 6th Asian Fisheries Forum Book of Abstracts p. 64.

Freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) is one of the popular bivalves on the dinning tables in Taiwan. It is characterized with prosperous hinge teeth and obvious concentric ring. The shell which is 2 similar to 3cm in diameter comes close to triangle with black or yellowish-green colors, and the interior part of the shell is white and the edge is purple. This species inhabit in freshwater lakes, rivers, ponds or channels, and even in estuaries. In order to investigate the mechanisms of ionic regulation in the stenohaline bivalve, histological and ultrastructural studies were performed first to realize structures of gills and mantles. Of the freshwater clam there are two separate demibranchs (gills) paired on each side of the mantle cavity. Each demibranch is composed of two lamellae formed several central water cavities, called water channel. The surface of the lamellae are vertical arranged filaments with long cilia and short ones. Several filaments form a concavity joined with the other lamella and connected by the interlamellar septum. Between each filament there are many ostia. The ostia extend to the water channel, and form the water canal. Water enters into the mantle cavity from the inhalant siphon, and flows into the water channel passing through the ostia and water canal of lamellae. Then it moves toward the suprabranchial chamber and finally eliminated by the exhalant siphon. In freshwater clam the mantle consists of an outer skirt region distal to the pallial line, a central skirt region, and a vascular area adjacent to the dorsal edge of the visceral mass. The outer skirt region looks like a thin membrane, the central skirt region has horizontal folds forming some crevices with upright cilia, and in the vascular area there are no horizontal folds but the same cell form of central skirt region. Future work will be focused on the mechanisms of ionic regulation by the methods of biochemistry and molecular biology. Also the structures and mechanisms of bivalves will be compared to find out the difference between them.

Chu, H.-H. 2000. The use of wavelet analysis to assess the valve-movment[i.e. movement] response data of Corbicula flumniea and Dreissena polymorpha to environmental change. Master of Science Thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. v + 184 pp.

Chung, P. R., Y. Jung, Y. K. Park, M. G. Hwang and C. T. Soh. 2001. Corbicula fluminea (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae): a possible second molluscan intermediate host of Echinostoma cinetorchis (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in Korea. The Korean Journal of Parasitology 39(4):329-32.

More than 1,500 clams of Corbicula fluminea, the most favorable food source of freshwater bivalves in Korea, were collected from 5 localities to examine cercarial and metacercarial infection with Echinostoma cinetorchis. Although 3 clams infected with suspicious E. cinetorchis metacercariae out of 200 specimens collected at Kangjin, Chollanam-do were detected, no cercarial and metacercarial infections with E. cinetorchis were observed in field-collected Corbicula specimens. In the susceptibility experiments with laboratory-reared clams, those infected with miracidia of E. cinetorchis did not release their cercariae up to 60 days after infection. To confirm the identity of second intermediate host of E. cinetorchis experimentally, a total of 30 clams were exposed to the cercariae from Segmentina hemisphaerula that had been infected with miracidia of E. cinetorchis. The clams were susceptible to cercariae of E. cinetorchis with an infection rate of 93.3%. Metacercariae from clams taken more than 7 days after cercarial exposure were fed to rats (S/D strain), and adult worms of E. cinetorchis, characterized by 37-38 collar spines on the head crown, were recovered from the ileocecal regions. This is the first report of C. fluminea as a possible second intermediate host of E. cinetorchis.

Ciutat, A. and A. Boudou. 2003. A Bioturbation effects on cadmium and zinc transfers from a contaminated sediment and on metal bioavailability to benthic bivalves. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 22(7):1574-1581.

The two main objectives of this study were to compare cadmium and zinc fluxes from contaminated sediment to the water column in bioturbated and unbioturbated systems and jointly to analyze accumulation kinetics of these released metals by benthic filter-feeder bivalves. The experimental approach was based on indoor microcosms containing a two-compartment biotope: natural contaminated sediment (45 +/- 5 μg Cd/g, dry wt, and 1,938 +/- 56 μg Zn/g, dry wt) and water column. Four experimental conditions were studied: no organism added to the sediment-water biotope, presence of bivalves Corbicula fluminea, presence of Hexagenia rigida nymphs (bioturbation source), and presence of C. fluminea and H. rigida simultaneously. Results reveal that bioturbation produces a significant metal release into the water column via the resuspended sediment particles. The use of C. fluminea as an indicator of transferred metals in the water column shows that the metal bioavailability is very limited, quantities of cadmium and zinc bioaccumulated in the soft bodies being less than those measured in unbioturbated systems. This experimental study demonstrates that only the dissolved fraction resulting from diffusive metal fluxes across the sediment-water interface is bioavailable for this bivalve species.

Ciutat, A., O. Weber A. Boudou. 2000. Sediment bioturbation by mayfly nymphs and effects on cadmium transfers to the water column and to the benthic bivalve Corbicula fluminea. 2000 Annual Meeting, American Society of Limnology and Ocenography, Copenhagen (Denmark), 5-9 June.

Claeys, R. R., R. S. Caldwell, N. H. Cutshall and R. Horton. 1975. Residues in fish, wildlife, and estuaries:chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in marine species, Oregon/Washington coast, 1972. Pesticide Monitoring Journal 9:2 10.

Concentrations of chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) were determined in three offshore marine species from the Oregon/Washington coast: pink shrimp, euphausisds, and flatfish; five species of bivalve mollusks from five estuaries along the Oregon coast (including Corbicula fluminea [Müller, 1774]); several fish species from the Coos Bay and Columbia River estuaries; and a summer run of steelhead from the Rogue River.

The compounds p,p' DDE and PCB's were detected most frequently. Euphausiids and pink shrimp contained approximately 2 ppb (ìg/kg) wet weight DDE and 8 and 25 ppb PCB's, respectively. Offshore flatfish contained an average of 9 ppb DDE and 29 ppb PCB's. DDE residues in estuarine mollusks approximated 0.5 ppb. PCB levels were not detectable (< 3 ppb) except in collections from the mouth of the Columbia River where levels averaged 400 ppb PCB's and 17 ppb DDT. Selected Columbia River fish species contained 38 ppb DDE and 480 ppb PCB's; summer run steelhead in the Rogue River contained 97 ppb DDE and 125 ppb PCB's.

PCB chromatograms of most euphausiids closely resembled those of Aroclor 1254. Chromatograms of shrimp and flatfish indicated selective metabolism of two compounds in the Aroclor 1254 formulation. Biphenyls of higher chlorine content were also detected in the shrimp and flatfish.

Clark, B. L. 1938. Fauna from the Markley Formation (upper Eocene) on Pleasant Creek, California. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 49(5):638 729.



Corbicula arnoldi sp. nov. (Pl. 4, Figs. 4, 8, 12, 19, 24) and Corbicula oldroydi sp. nov. (Pl. 1, Figs. 3, 15, 28) are described and figured from the Markley Formation, Upper Eocene, of California.

Clark, B. L. and R. Arnold. 1923. Fauna of the Sooke Formation, Vancouver Island. Bulletin of the University of California Department of Geology 14:123 234.



Corbicula sookensis sp. nov. is described (p. 148) and figured (Pl. 20, Fig. 3) from the Sooke Formation, Miocene or Oligocene, Vancouver Island, British Columbia.

Clark, W. B. 1891. Correlation papers: Eocene. Bulletin of the U.S. Geological Survey 83:1 173.



Corbicula pugetensis White, 1889, and Corbicula willisi White, 1889, are reported from the Puget Group, Eocene of Washington.

Clarke, A. H. 1981. Corbicula fluminea in Lake Erie. The Nautilus 94(1):36.



Corbicula fluminea was found in Lake Erie at Monroe, Monroe County, Michigan, 17 December 1980 in a sand bottom in 3 feet of water. The survival of C. fluminea at shallow depths in the lake is doubted due to winter ice formation and scouring. However, if water temperatures are kept warm, these bivalves should become widespread in the region.

Clarke, A. H. 1984. Freshwater molluscan survey of the Roanoke, Tar and Neuse river systems, N.C. American Malacological Bulletin 3(1):104 105. [Abstract]

Systematic surveys of freshwater molluscs in northeastern North Carolina, sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, were carried out from 1977 to 1983. The Tar River system received special attention (72 study sites) because it contains Elliptio (Canthyria) steinstansana Johnson and Clarke, a rare spiny mussel proposed for inclusion on the Federal List of Endangered Species. Supplementary studies were also done in the lower Roanoke River system (13 sites) and the lower Neuse River system (14 sites) to assess the possibility of occurrence of E. steinstansana there.

The Tar River system is highly productive and, except for a reach below Rocky Mount, has good water quality. 26 species were found there of which 14 are Unionidae. The whole bivalve fauna is being impacted by Corbicula fluminea which was introduced there in 1979 or 1980. By the summer of 1982 it was dominant (ca. 1000/m2) below Old Sparta and had reached N.C. Highway 44 north of Tarboro. By the summer of 1983 it had ascended an additional 40 miles to near Spring Hope and it will soon be conspicuous throughout the system.

The Roanoke River below Lake Gaston is heavily silted. It revealed only fresh empty shells of Anodonta implicata and Elliptio complanata and abundant Corbicula fluminea. In a river lake of the Cashie River (a Roanoke tributary), empty shells of A. implicata and Lampsilis ochracea, huge specimens of Ligumia nasuta, and no C. fluminea were found. The Neuse River between Raleigh and Seven Springs yielded only E. complanata, a rare unionid of unknown identity, and C. fluminea. Among Neuse tributaries, the Trent River is polluted below Trenton and apparently has no molluscs there, but the Little River is productive and supports a diverse fauna.

Clarke, A. H. 1985. The tribe Alasmidontini (Unionidae: Anodontinae), Part II: Lasmigona and Simpsonaias. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 399. iii + 75 pp.



Corbicula fluminea is reported in Eagle Creek, Kentucky, in association with Fusconaia flava, Elliptio dilatata, Alasmidonta viridis, Lasmigona complanata, Strophitus undulatus, Tritogonia verrucosa, Lampsilis radiata siliquoidea, and Goniobasis sp. C. fluminea was also reported from the South Fork of the Cumberland River, Kentucky, in association with Pegias fabula.

Clarke, A. H. 1986. Competitive exclusion of Canthyria (Unionidae) by Corbicula fluminea (Müller). Malacology Data Net (Ecosearch Series) No. 1:3 10.



Corbicula fluminea was found to actively exclude the native bivalve Canthyria. The implications for conservation of native freshwater bivalves are discussed.

Clarke, A. N. and J. H. Clarke. 1974. A static monitor for lead in natural and waste waters. Environmental Letters 7(3):251 260.

The shells of the ubiquitous freshwater mollusc, Corbicula manillensis (sic), commonly known as the Asiatic clam, can be used to monitor the relative concentration and changes in concentration of lead over extended periods of time in natural and waste waters at at pH of 7 or above. Plastic baths used in the course of the experiment were found to contain significantly high concentrations of lead.

Clarke, J. H., A. N. Clarke, D. J. Wilson and J. J. Friauf. 1976. Lead levels in freshwater mollusk shells. Environmental Sciences and Engineering A11(1):65 78.

Clarke, J. H., A. N. Clarke, D. J. Wilson and J. J. Friauf. 1979. On the use of Corbicula fluminea as indicators of heavy metal contamination. IN: Proceedings of the First International Corbicula Symposium, J. C. Britton, Ed. Texas Christian University Research Foundation (Ft. Worth). pp. 153 163.

The shells of Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) have been found to serve as good indicators of lead contamination for a given area. Studies using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and shells collected from rivers and reservoirs in the vicinity of Nashville, Tennessee, have revealed that lead is concentrated in the shells by factors as high as 5,000 and that statistically significant (95% level of confidence) differences were obtained between mean lead levels corresponding to different sample locations. Shells from very young C. fluminea were found which contained unusually high concentrations of lead. The possibility of using the empty shells of C. fluminea as static monitors of lead was also investigated. It was found that the shells absorb lead at pH's of 7 or above and that the difference between the mean lead level before emplacement in water containing reasonably high (4.1 and 69.5 ppm) concentrations of lead and the final lead level is statistically significant at the 95% level of confidence. Studies are underway concerning the suitability of the use of these shells with other heavy metals.

Claudi, R., and Mackie, G. L. 1994. Practical Manual for Zebra Mussel Monitoring and Control. Lewis Publishers, CRC Press (Boca Raton, Florida).

Cleland, J. D. 1988. Ecological and physiological considerations of deposit-feeding in a freshwater bivalve, Corbicula fluminea. Master of Science Thesis, University of Texas at Arlington. xi + 130 pp.

Clench, W. J. 1970. Corbicula manilensis Philippi in lower Florida. The Nautilus 84(1):36.

Corbicula manilensis (Philippi, 1844) is reported from Lake Hippochee, Caloosahatchee River Canal, in 1969. This extension into the Caloosahatchee   Lake Okeechobee system will lead to its dispersal all over the lower Florida Peninsula.

Clench, W. J. 1971. Corbicula manilensis (Philippi) in Oklahoma. The Nautilus 85(4):145.

The first report of Corbicula manilensis (Philippi, 1844) from Oklahoma. Populations are reported from Lake Overholser from collections made in 1969.

Clench, W. J. and D. H. Stansbery. 1969. Corbicula manilensis Philippi in the Nolichucky River. The Nautilus 82(4):146.



Corbicula manilensis (Philippi, 1844) was found in great abundance in the Nolichucky River, 3.5 mi. southwest of Warrensburg, Green County, Tennessee, in September 1968. Substrata consisted of beds of angular limestone, loose limestone rocks, and gravel, sand, and sandy mud.

Clench, W. J. and R. D. Turner. 1962. New Names Introduced by H. A. Pilsbry in the Mollusca and Crustacea. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Special Publication No. 4. 218 pp.

Provides bibliographic citations for the species of Corbiculacea described by Henry Augustus Pilsbry.

Clerici, E. 1888. Sulla Corbicula fluminalis dei dintorni di Roma e sui fossili che l'accompagano. Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana 7:105 128.

Clessin, S. 1872. Der Schliessapparat der Cycladeen. Malakozoologische Blätter 19:150 160. [German]

The systematics of the genera Corbicula, Batissa, Velorita, Cyrena, Limosina, Sphaerium, Calyculina, and Pisidium are discussed in consideration of the ligament, hinge, cardinal teeth, and lateral teeth morphology.

Clessin, S. 1874. Fauna Nordostafrika. Nova Acta Academie der Naturhistorische Cur. Dresden 32:289.

Corbicula pusilla jickeli ssp. nov. is described (p. 289) and figured (Pl. 2, Fig. 12) from specimens taken from a canal of the Nile River near Cairo.

Clessin, S. 1877. Systematisches Conchylien Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, Band IX, Abth. 3:139.



Corbicula rivina sp. nov. is described (p. 139) and figured (Pl. 25, Figs. 3, 4) from the Murray River, Australia.

Clessin, S. 1879. Die familie der Cycladeen.



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