Differences in American and Chinese’s Sex Education
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Rhetoric ConceptsRhetoric was not systematically established until Aristotle’s Rhetoric introduced it. Rhetoric is the first book that identified the art of persuasive speech. Almost every consideration in this work focuses overtly on the need to persuade through speech. Aristotle didn't invent rhetoric; however, he collected and categorized different persuasive tools and defined rhetoric. Aristotle considers three elements to be the fundamental of rhetoric: the types of proof, their appropriate use, and the types of oratory. He described the three main methods of persuasion, which are still being used today: logos (logical reasoning), ethos (character), and pathos (emotion). Aristotle identifies commonplace lines of argument (topoi) that speakers employ in various circumstances, and he outlines the proper use of style and structure to the best persuasive advantage. An overarching consideration impacting all of these tools is the style of oratory: deliberative (political), forensic (legal), and epideictic (ceremonial). Deliberative concerns the future, forensic concerns the past, and epideictic concerns the present. Traditionally, Aristotle’s rhetoric is divided into five parts: invention (inventio), memory (memoria), arrangement (dispositio), delivery (pronuntiatio), and style (elocutio). Though rhetoric existed along with human history, the advent of Athenian radical democracy necessitated the invention of rhetoric as a field of study. The employment of persuasion is more practical and of great importance for people living in Aristotle’s time. Under the Athenian radical democracy system, each Athenian man had the right and the obligation to sit and vote in the public assembly. During the assembly, debates would be processed. Every citizen was allowed to speak and to contribute to the political discussion. Assembly meetings gathered at least 10 percent of the eligible citizen population, meaning that significantly important issues relied on which speeches held the broadest appeal to the citizenry. The vote was also essential in the court system. Athenian citizens had no representation in law courts. Whether accusing or defending, individuals had to speak for themselves or as representatives of their dependents. Like the assembly, the law courts decided matters by public voting. The need to speak persuasively in the courts made rhetorical training essential for those involved in public life. Download 107.02 Kb. Share with your friends:
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