1953
|
In-Home Support Services program established in Los Angeles County, California, to provide personal assistance services to adults with post-polio disabilities as an alternative to permanent costly institutionalization.
|
IL L&P PHY USA
|
|
1960
|
In-Home Support Services: California program pays up to $300 a month for personal-assistance services for recipients of federal Aid to the Totally Disabled. By enabling individuals with major physical disabilities to live in their own homes, it becomes a foundational component of the independent living movement.
|
IL L&P PHY USA
|
|
1966
|
Organization for Accessible Buildings founded in Rochester, New York, by a group of young adult wheelchair users. Later renamed Handicapped Independence HERE Inc., a volunteer consumer/advocacy organization. In 1979 reorganizes as Regional Center for Independent Living.
|
ACC ACT IL ORG PHY USA
|
|
1970
|
Paraquad founded by St. Louis nursing home resident Max Starkloff. It will become a major independent living Center.
|
ACT IL ORG PHY USA
|
Pelka, ABC-Clio Companion to the Disability Rights Movement.
|
1970
|
Physically Disabled Students Program (PDSP) founded University of California at Berkeley by Ed Roberts, John Hessler, Hale Zukas, and other students. Two years later they will go on establish the Center for Independent Living in Berkeley to provide for personal assistance services, accessibility, and political advocacy in the off-campus community.
|
ACT EDU IL PHY USA
|
Pelka, ABC-Clio Companion to the Disability Rights Movement.
|
1972
|
Boston Self-Help Center established. Grows out of independent living project at Boston University.
|
ACT IL ORG PHY USA
|
|
1972
|
Center for Independent Living (CIL) established in Berkeley, California. Usually considered first independent living center anywhere. Non-residential agency directed by people with disabilities, provides information and advocacy to support disabled people to live in their own households in the community. Funded by a $50,000 grant from the federal Rehabilitation Services Administration.
|
ACT IL ORG PHY USA
|
Pelka, ABC-Clio Companion to the Disability Rights Movement.
|
1972
|
Houston Cooperative Living Residential Project founded in Houston, Texas. Along with the Berkeley and Boston centers, will become one of the models for future independent living centers.
|
ACT IL ORG USA
|
Pelka, ABC-Clio Companion to the Disability Rights Movement.
|
1973
|
In-Home Support Services: Berkeley CIL lobbies not just to save but to expand personal-assistance services program. As result, IHSS monthly payments increased to $450. CIL also campaigns successfully for state supplement to new federal Supplemental Security Income program.
|
ACT IL L&P PHY USA
|
|
1974
|
Atlantis Community established in Denver, Colorado, by Wade Blank, civil rights activist and parent of disabled child, who campaigns to move adults with significant significant disabilities from nursing homes to independent living.
|
ACT IL ORG PHY USA
|
|
1974
|
Boston Center for Independent Living founded.
|
ACT IL ORG USA
|
Pelka, ABC-Clio Companion to the Disability Rights Movement.
|
1975
|
First National Conference on Independent Living convenes in October in Berkeley, California, co-sponsored by Berkeley Center for Independent Living and federal Rehabilitation Services Administration.
|
IL L&P ORG REH USA
|
|
1975
|
Edward Roberts appointed Director of California Department of Rehabilitation. He oversees an establishment of nine independent living centers in that state, patterned after the Center for Independent Living he co-founded in Berkeley in 1972. These centers become models for hundreds of independent living centers across the globe.
|
IL L&P ORG PHY USA
|
Pelka, ABC-Clio Companion to the Disability Rights Movement.
|
1976
|
Independent living centers in California established through funding by Departed Rehabilitation, Innovation and Expansion Grant Program.
|
IL L&P USA
|
|
1976
|
Independent living center founded in Chicago.
|
IL USA
|
|
1976
|
Independent Living Research Utilization (ILRU) program established in Houston.
|
IL USA
|
[Finger], “International Independent Living Timeline.”
|
1976
|
Westside Center for Independent Living established in Los Angeles. One of first nine California centers set up by state Department of Rehabilitation under Ed Roberts.
|
ACT IL L&P USA
|
Pelka, ABC-Clio Companion to the Disability Rights Movement.
|
1977
|
Independent living:
52 independent living centers operating in United States.
Office of Independent Living set up in U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Second National Conference on Independent Living convenes in Houston.
|
IL L&P USA
|
[Finger], “International Independent Living Timeline.”
|
1978
|
Independent living: Rehabilitation, Comprehensive Services and Developmental Disabilities Amendments of 1978 (P.L. 95-602), Title VII, authorizes first federal funding for independent living centers. Meanwhile, five regional conferences in various parts of U. S. promote independent living philosophy and offer guidance for establishment of IL Centers.
|
IL L&P USA
|
[Finger], “International Independent Living Timeline.”
|
1979
|
Vermont Center for Independent Living established, first statewide independent living center in U.S.
|
IL ORG USA
|
|
1981
|
Bill. Movie for television based on true story of Bill Sackter (Mickey Rooney), a retarded man who spent forty-four years in an institution.
|
CUL DD IL INST USA
|
Alan Landsburg Productions, d Anthony Page. Sequel: Bill: On His Own (1983).
|
1981
|
Japanese students with disabilities study independent living philosophy and practices at U. S. IL centers under 10-year project funded by “Mr. Donut.”
|
ASIA IL USA
|
[Finger], “International Independent Living Timeline”
|
1982
|
National Council on Independent Living founded under leadership of Max Starkloff, Charlie Carr and Marca Bristo to speak for independent living centers and independent living movement.
|
ACT IL ORG PHY USA
|
http://www
.ncil.org/
|
1984
|
Independent living: first national conference on rural independent living in U.S.
|
IL USA
|
[Finger], “International Independent Living Timeline.”
|
1989
|
Larry McAfee, ventilator-using, spinal cord injured quadriplegic battered by Georgia social welfare system which provides no support for independent living, seeks and gets court order for physician-assisted suicide. But intervention of disability rights advocates leads him to change his mind. He testifies to Georgia State Legislature in favor of independent living program.
|
ACT BIO EUTH IL L&P USA
|
|
1990
|
ADAPT, American Disabled for Accessible Public Transit, recasts its acronym as American Disabled for Attendant Programs Today to reflect shift in focus following passage of Americans with Disabilities Act. Demanding policies supporting independent living and personal assistance services, ADAPT activists demonstrate at annual meeting of for-profit nursing home industry trade organization, American Health Care Association, in Atlanta, October 5-10.
|
ACT IL L&P USA
|
http://www.
adapt.org/
back.htm; Pelka, ABC-Clio Companion to the Disability Rights Movement.
|
1990
|
Thailand/Philippines: Independent Living Study Program includes delegates from DPI-Thailand and DPI-Philippines, St. Louis and Houston, August-September.
|
ASIA IL INT USA
|
[Finger], “International Independent Living Timeline.”
|
1991
|
ADAPT protest at Health Care Financing Administration headquarters in Washington, D.C. demands federal government designate proportion of Medicaid funds for in-home personal assistance services, April.
|
ACT IL L&P USA
|
|
1992
|
ADAPT nationwide protests demands federal and state financing of personal assistance services, January 15.
|
ACT IL L&P USA
|
|
1992
|
ADAPT demands American Medical Association support national personal assistance services policy in demonstration at AMA’s Chicago headquarters. May.
|
ACT IL L&P USA
|
|
1995
|
Helen L. v. Snider: U. S Third Circuit Court of Appeals rules that Commonwealth (state government) of Pennsylvania’s policy of funding nursing home residents see but not independent living violates Americans with Disabilities Act.
|
ACT CRT IL L&P USA WOM
|
Pelka, ABC-Clio Companion to the Disability Rights Movement.
|
1999
|
Olmstead v. L.C. and E.W.: U. S. Supreme Court rules that State of Georgia violates Americans with Disabilities Act by compelling individuals with disabilities to reside in institutions without offering alternative option of community-based living arrangements. Orders that state must offer services in most integrated setting.
|
CRT IL L&P USA
|
|
