Econ 505: Economic Models and Forecasting Homework Assignment #2 jj espinoza Problem 1



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Using the concept of co-integration analysis, show that regressing PCE on PDI does not involve a spurious regression, although both series are I (1). Hint: work on the properties of residuals of the regression results.

If there is a long term relationship between two variables then they are said to be cointegrated. There will not be a spurious regression between these two variables, and here is how we prove this for the case of PCE and PDI.





Running the regression we get the following regression:





and the following equation

We must now test the stationary of the error term u we will follow the following steps:



  1. Graphical Approach

  2. Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test

  3. Correlelogram




The error term looks stationary, but graphical evidence should be supported by stats

We know run more statistical test on the error term to get a quantitative measure of what appears to be a stationary process:



The Null Hypothesis is that U has a unit root and we cannot reject this hypothesis at even a 1% level. Therefore we can be safe assuming that the error term is purely a random walk process therefore u(0) and PCE and PCI are cointegrated.




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