128
14.16 in, now, currently, at the moment 1.
In is generally followed by a date (e.g.
in June, in 2016 ) and is therefore not used with the
present perfect .
in can be used with the
present ,
future and the
past (e.g.
the new term starts in October, I will see you in March, I last saw her in 2011 ).
2.
Now, currently, at the moment indicate
a time period that is ongoing, so they are used with the
present simple . On the other hand,
ago, yesterday, last week (
month, year ) indicate a time that is completely past so they must be used with the
simple past. 3. Adverbs that indicate a connection between the past and present are generally found with the
present perfect (
historically, traditionally, typically ) but
traditionally and
typically can also be used with the
simple present and
simple past , depending on the context.
YES NO 1 I
joined this research group
in July . I
have joined this group in July .
2 This
is currently the world’s biggest problem.
Until last year this has been the world’s biggest problem.
3
Historically , French
has always been taught in English schools as the second language.
Historically , French
was always taught in English schools as the second language.
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14.17 in, inside, within (location) 1.
In and
inside often have a similar meaning in relation to a confined space.
2.
Inside is the opposite of outside ,
within is never used in this sense.
3.
Within means internal to something that can be areal physical space
(e.g.
border ), or abstract (e.g.
con fines, framework, comprehension ).
4.
In is not usually found at the end of the sentence after a verb.
5.
Inside has a metaphorical meaning of revelations regarding something, and is often found in paper titles (as in the examples given below.
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