English for Research: Usage, Style, and Grammar


Past simple (or less commonly present simple)



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A.Wallwork - English for Research Usage, Style, and Grammar - 2013
Past simple (or less commonly present simple) to report what other authors have suggested, proposed, claimed, implied, hypothesized, put
forward etc, There cannot be a specific time reference if you choose to use the present simple in such cases.
YES
YES
1 In 2007, Carter suggested that women are superior to men [25].
2 Many authors [3, 6, 8, 12] have claimed that there is life on Mars. Many authors [3, 6, 8, 12] claim that there is life on Mars.
3 This method has been used to investigate both problems [24]. Smith used this method to investigate both problems [24].
3 This procedure has been exploited by many authors in order to conduct very diverse investigations. Smith first used this procedure in 1996 [24].
3 In support of such treatment, Griggs has
made the surprising discovery that …
Recently , Griggs made the surprising discovery that …
4 For instance in [5] the authors suggested that anew strategy could be introduced to … For instance in [5] the authors
suggest that anew strategy could be introduced to …


56
8.7
present simple vs past simple specific rules (results and
discussion)
1. Very important if you use the simple present to report your findings it must be 100% clear to readers that you are talking about YOUR findings and NOT what has been reported in the literature. This rule is extremely important and should never be ignored. See 10.4.2 for possible confusion caused by using the passive.
2.
Present simple to state what a figure or table shows, highlights, describes, reports etc.
3.
Present simple to discuss your data and results, and to state the implications of your findings. Typically after show, explain, highlight,
believe, mean, indicate, reveal .
4. Introductory verbs such as show, highlight, reveal can be either in the

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