English for Research: Usage, Style, and Grammar



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A.Wallwork - English for Research Usage, Style, and Grammar - 2013
17.5 firstly, second(ly) etc.
When you are listing events. Put the adverb ( fi rstly, secondly etc) at the beginning of the phrase. You can say fi rstly or fi rst, secondly, thirdly, fourthly etc. are preferred to
second , third, fourth etc. in a manuscript. fi rst is usually followed by then rather than secondly.
2.
T hen can be placed at the beginning of the sentence, but is more common before the main verb.
YES
NO
1
First / Firstly , we will do X. Then we will do Yb Finallyb , we will do Z. We will fi rstly do X. Then we will do Y. We will fi nally do Z.
2 Initially, we used X. Then we decided to use Y. At the beginning we used X, web thenb decided to use Y.


162
17.6
adverbs with more than one meaning
There area few adverbs that change meaning depend on their position
(i.e. before or after the verb.
N ormally : before = usually , after = the opposite of abnormally (this usage is not very common, in the normal way is more common.
2.
C learly : before = obviously , after = without dif fi culty.
3.
F airly : before = quite (in a sufficient manner, after = in the right
proportion.
BEFORE THE VERB
AFTER THE VERB
1 Patients normally undergo rehabilitation after such accidents. After six months of rehabilitation 65% of the patients were able to walk normally
(i.e. without assistance.
2
Clearly , the authors have not followed the instructions carefully. The instructions were not written clearly , in fact they were almost impossible to understand
3 The article is written fairly well, but needs improving in several areas. Profits were not distributed fairly amongst the shareholders, which led to several complaints.


163

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