English for Research: Usage, Style, and Grammar

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A.Wallwork - English for Research Usage, Style, and Grammar - 2013

YES NO 1, 2 To make

11.2
infinitive
1. Use the infinitive when you talk about the aim / purpose of an action, or how to carry something out.
2. Do not precede the infinitive with for.
3. The negative infinitive is in order not to, so as not to.
4. Most adjectives (including superlatives) are followed by the infinitive. When a quantifier (e.g. enough, too much, too many, too little, too few ) is followed by a noun + verb construction, the verb is in the infinitive.
YES
NO
1, 2
To make extra money, he designs and develops software.
For to make extra money, he designs and develops software.
For making extra money, he designs and develops software.
2 I need money to buy a house I need money for buying a house
3
In order not to lose data, make backups regularly.
For not losing / For don’t / To don’t
lose data, make backups regularly.
4 It is straightforward to verify that x = y. It is straightforward verifying that x = y.
5 It has been claimed that five users is enough to catch 85% of the problems on the vast majority of websites. It has been claimed that five users is
enough for catching 85% of the problems on the vast majority of websites.
5 There are too few studies with too
few patients to determine which is the best drug. There are too few studies with too few
patients for determining which is the best drug.

73
11.3
in order to
1. There is a tendency to use in order to in more formal situations.
2. Use in order to if one infinitive is immediately followed by another.
3. The use of in order to rather than simply to is often optional, and sometimes redundant.
4.
In order is not necessary when the focus is on the activity rather than the purpose.

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