[Curvilinear motion.] Circuition

turning &c v.; wrench; evolution; coil, corkscrew.

circumnavigate, circumambulate, circumvent; put a girdle round about the earth [M.N.D.]; go the round, make the round of.

wind, circulate, meander; whisk, twirl; twist &c (convolution) 248; make a detour &c (circuit) 629.

Adj. turning &c v.; circuitous; circumforaneous^†, circumfluent^†.

Adv. round about.
312. [Motion in a continued circle.] Rotation -- N. rotation, revolution, spinning, gyration, turning about an axis, turning aound an axis, circulation, roll; circumrotation^†, circumvolution, circumgyration^†; volutation^†, circination^†, turbination^†, pirouette, convolution.

verticity^†, whir, whirl, eddy, vortex, whirlpool, gurge^†; countercurrent; Maelstrom, Charybdis; Ixion.

axis, axis of rotation, swivel, pivot, pivot point; axle, spindle, pin, hinge, pole, arbor, bobbin, mandrel; axle shaft; gymbal; hub, hub of rotation.

roll up, furl; wallow, welter; box the compass; spin like a top, spin like a teetotum^†.

alternation; coming and going &c v.; ebb and flow, flux and reflux, ups and down.

fluctuation; vacillation &c (irresolution) 605.

wave, vibratiuncle^†, swing, beat, shake, wag, seesaw, dance, lurch, dodge; logan^†, loggan^†, rocking-stone, vibroscope^†.

fluctuate, dance, curvet, reel, quake; quiver, quaver; shake, flicker; wriggle; roll, toss, pitch; flounder, stagger, totter; move up and down, bob up and down &c adv.; pass and repass, ebb and flow, come and go; vacillate &c 605; teeter [U.S.].

brandish, shake, flourish.

Adj. oscillating &c v.; oscillatory, undulatory, pulsatory^†, libratory, rectilinear; vibratory, vibratile^†; pendulous.

Adv. to and fro, up and down, backwards and forwards, hither and yon, seesaw, zigzag, wibble-wabble^†, in and out, from side to side, like buckets in a well.
315. [Irregular motion] Agitation -- N. agitation, stir, tremor, shake, ripple, jog, jolt, jar, jerk, shock, succussion^†, trepidation, quiver, quaver, dance; jactitation^†, quassation^†; shuffling &c v.; twitter, flicker, flutter.

turbulence, perturbation; commotion, turmoil, disquiet; tumult, tumultuation^†; hubbub, rout, bustle, fuss, racket, subsultus^†, staggers, megrims, epilepsy, fits; carphology^†, chorea, floccillation^†, the jerks, St.

Vitus's dance, tilmus^†.

spasm, throe, throb, palpitation, convulsion.

disturbance, chaos &c (disorder) 59; restlessness &c (changeableness) 149.

ferment, fermentation; ebullition, effervescence, hurly-burly, cahotage^†; tempest, storm, ground swell, heavy sea, whirlpool, vortex &c 312; whirlwind &c (wind) 349.

throb, pulsate, beat, palpitate, go pitapat; flutter, flitter, flicker, bicker; bustle.

ferment, effervesce, foam; boil, boil over; bubble up; simmer.

toss about, jump about; jump like a parched pea; shake like an aspen leaf; shake to its center, shake to its foundations; be the sport of the winds and waves; reel to and fro like a drunken man; move from post to pillar and from pillar to post, drive from post to pillar and from pillar to post, keep between hawk and buzzard.

agitate, shake, convulse, toss, tumble, bandy, wield, brandish, flap, flourish, whisk, jerk, hitch, jolt; jog, joggle, jostle, buffet, hustle, disturb, stir, shake up, churn, jounce, wallop, whip, vellicate^†.

Adj. shaking &c v.; agitated tremulous; desultory, subsultory^†; saltatoric^†; quasative^†; shambling; giddy-paced, saltatory^†, convulsive, unquiet, restless, all of a twitter.

Adv. by fits and starts; subsultorily^† &c adj.^†; per saltum [Lat.]; hop skip and jump; in convulsions, in fits.

Phr. tempete dans un verre d'eau [Fr.].
CLASS III

WORDS RELATING TO MATTER

MATTER IN GENERAL

matter, body, substance, brute matter, stuff, element, principle, parenchyma [Biol.], material, substratum, hyle^†, corpus, pabulum; frame.

object, article, thing, something; still life; stocks and stones; materials &c 635.

[Science of matter] physics; somatology^†, somatics; natural philosophy, experimental philosophy; physicism^†; physical science, philosophie positive [Fr.], materialism; materialist; physicist; somatism^†, somatist^†.

Adj. material, bodily; corporeal, corporal; physical; somatic, somatoscopic^†; sensible, tangible, ponderable, palpable, substantial.

objective, impersonal, nonsubjective^†, neuter, unspiritual, materialistic.

personality; I, myself, me; ego, spirit &c (soul) 450; astral body; immaterialism^†; spiritualism, spiritualist.

personal, subjective, nonobjective.

heavens, sky, welkin^†, empyrean; starry cope, starry heaven, starry host; firmament; Midgard; supersensible regions^†; varuna; vault of heaven, canopy of heaven; celestial spaces.

heavenly bodies, stars, asteroids; nebulae; galaxy, milky way, galactic circle, via lactea [Lat.], ame no kawa [Jap.].

sun, orb of day, Apollo^†, Phoebus; photosphere, chromosphere; solar system; planet, planetoid; comet; satellite, moon, orb of night, Diana, silver-footed queen; aerolite^†, meteor; planetary ring; falling star, shooting star; meteorite, uranolite^†.

constellation, zodiac, signs of the zodiac, Charles's wain, Big Dipper, Little Dipper, Great Bear, Southern Cross, Orion's belt, Cassiopea's chair, Pleiades.

colures^†, equator, ecliptic, orbit.

solar, heliacal^†; lunar; celestial, heavenly, sphery^†; starry, stellar; sidereal, sideral^†; astral; nebular; uranic.

lead, millstone, mountain, Ossa on Pelion.

weighing, ponderation^†, trutination^†; weights; avoirdupois weight, troy weight, apothecaries' weight; grain, scruple, drachma^†, ounce, pound, lb, arroba^†, load, stone, hundredweight, cwt, ton, long ton, metric ton, quintal, carat, pennyweight, tod^†.

[metric weights] gram, centigram, milligram, microgram, kilogram; nanogram, picogram, femtogram, attogram.

[Weighing Instrument] balance, scale, scales, steelyard, beam, weighbridge^†; spring balance, piezoelectric balance, analytical balance, two-pan balance, one-pan balance; postal scale, baby scale.

[Science of gravity] statics.

V. be heavy &c adj.; gravitate, weigh, press, cumber, load.

[Measure the weight of] weigh, poise.

Adj. weighty; weighing &c v.; heavy as lead; ponderous, ponderable; lumpish^†, lumpy, cumbersome, burdensome; cumbrous, unwieldy, massive.

incumbent, superincumbent^†.

feather, dust, mote, down, thistle, down, flue, cobweb, gossamer, straw, cork, bubble, balloon; float, buoy; ether, air.

leaven, ferment, barm^†, yeast.

lighter-than-air balloon, helium balloon, hydrogen balloon, hot air balloon.

convection, thermal draft, thermal.

V. be light &c adj.; float, rise, swim, be buoyed up.

render light &c adj.; lighten, leaven.

light as a feather, light as a thistle, light as air; lighter than air; rise like a balloon, float like a balloon

INORGANIC MATTER

specific gravity; hydrometer, areometer^†.

condensation; caseation^†; solidation^†, solidification; consolidation; concretion, coagulation; petrification &c (hardening) 323; crystallization, precipitation; deposit, precipitate; inspissation^†; gelation, thickening &c v.. indivisibility, indiscerptibility^†, insolubility, indissolvableness.

solid body, mass, block, knot, lump; concretion, concrete, conglomerate; cake, clot, stone, curd, coagulum; bone, gristle, cartilage; casein, crassamentum^†; legumin^†.

superdense matter, condensed states of matter; dwarf star, neutron star.

V. be dense &c adj.; become solid, render solid &c adj.; solidify, solidate^†; concrete, set, take a set, consolidate, congeal, coagulate; curd, curdle; lopper; fix, clot, cake, candy, precipitate, deposit, cohere, crystallize; petrify &c (harden) 323.

condense, thicken, gel, inspissate^†, incrassate^†; compress, squeeze, ram down, constipate.

undissolved, unmelted^†, unliquefied^†, unthawed^†.

indivisible, indiscerptible^†, infrangible^†, indissolvable^†, indissoluble, insoluble, infusible.
322. Rarity -- N. rarity, tenuity; absence of solidity &c 321; subtility^†; subtilty^†, subtlety; sponginess, compressibility.

rarefaction, expansion, dilatation, inflation, subtilization^†.

vaporization, evaporation, diffusion, gassification^†.

ether &c (gas) 334.

rarefied &c v.; unsubstantial; uncompact^†, incompressed^†; rarefiable^†.

induration, petrifaction; lapidification^†, lapidescence^†; vitrification, ossification; crystallization.

stone, pebble, flint, marble, rock, fossil, crag, crystal, quartz, granite, adamant; bone, cartilage; hardware; heart of oak, block, board, deal board; iron, steel; cast iron, decarbonized iron, wrought iron; nail; brick, concrete; cement.

V. render hard &c adj.; harden, stiffen, indurate, petrify, temper, ossify, vitrify; accrust^†.

Adj. hard, rigid, stubborn, stiff, firm; starch, starched; stark, unbending, unlimber, unyielding; inflexible, tense; indurate, indurated; gritty, proof.

adamant, adamantine, adamantean^†; concrete, stony, granitic, calculous, lithic^†, vitreous; horny, corneous^†; bony; osseous, ossific^†; cartilaginous; hard as a rock &c n.; stiff as buckram, stiff as a poker; stiff as starch, stiff as as board.

penetrability.

clay, wax, butter, dough, pudding; alumina, argil; cushion, pillow, feather bed, down, padding, wadding; foam.

mollification; softening &c v..

bend, yield, relent, relax, give.

plasticize'.

Adj. soft, tender, supple; pliant, pliable; flexible, flexile; lithe, lithesome; lissom, limber, plastic; ductile; tractile^†, tractable; malleable, extensile, sequacious^†, inelastic; aluminous^†; remollient^†.

yielding &c v.; flabby, limp, flimsy.

doughy, spongy, penetrable, foamy, cushiony^†.

flaccid, flocculent, downy; edematous, oedematous^†, medullary [Anat.], argillaceous, mellow.

soft as butter, soft as down, soft as silk; yielding as wax, tender as chicken.
325. Elasticity -- N. elasticity, springiness, spring, resilience, renitency, buoyancy.

rubber, India rubber, Indian rubber, latex, caoutchouc, whalebone, gum elastic, baleen, natural rubber; neoprene, synthetic rubber, Buna-S, plastic.

flexibility, Young's modulus.

V. stretch, flex, extend, distend, be elastic &c adj.; bounce, spring back &c (recoil) 277.

Adj. elastic, flexible, tensile, spring, resilient, renitent, buoyant; ductile, stretchable, extendable.

Phr. the stress is proportional to the strain.
326. Inelasticity -- N. want of elasticity, absence of elasticity &c 325; inelasticity &c (softness) 324,

Adj. unyielding, inelastic, inflexible &c (soft) 324; irresilient^†.
327. Tenacity -- N. {ant.

328} tenacity, toughness, strength; (cohesion) 46; grip, grasp, stickiness, (cohesion) 46; sequacity^†; stubbornness &c (obstinacy);; glue, cement, glutinousness^†, sequaciousness^†, viscidity, (semiliquidity) 352.

leather; white leather, whitleather^†; gristle, cartilage.

unbreakability, tensile strength.

grip, grasp, stick (cohesion) 46.

unbreakable, indivisible; atomic.

327} brittleness &c adj.; fragility, friability, frangibility, fissibility^†; house of cards, house of glass.

break, crack, snap, split, shiver, splinter, crumble, break short, burst, fly, give way; fall to pieces; crumble to, crumble into dust.

substance, stuff, compages^†, parenchyma [Biol.]; constitution, staple, organism.

texture, surface texture; intertexture^†, contexture^†; tissue, grain, web, surface; warp and woof, warp and weft; tooth, nap &c (roughness) 256; flatness (smoothness) 255; fineness of grain; coarseness of grain, dry goods.

silk, satin; muslin, burlap.

[Science of textures] histology.

Adj. structural, organic; anatomic, anatomical.

textural, textile; fine grained, coarse grained; fine, delicate, subtile, gossamery, filmy, silky, satiny; coarse; homespun.

rough, gritty; smooth.

smooth as silk, smooth as satin.

powder, dust, sand, shingle; sawdust; grit; meal, bran, flour, farina, rice, paddy, spore, sporule^†; crumb, seed, grain; particle &c (smallness) 32; limature^†, filings, debris, detritus, tailings, talus slope, scobs^†, magistery^†, fine powder; flocculi [Lat.].

smoke; cloud of dust, cloud of sand, cloud of smoke; puff of smoke, volume of smoke; sand storm, dust storm.

[Reduction to powder] pulverization, comminution^†, attenuation, granulation, disintegration, subaction^†, contusion, trituration [Chem], levigation^†, abrasion, detrition, multure^†; limitation; tripsis^†; filing &c v.. [Instruments for pulverization] mill, arrastra^†, gristmill, grater, rasp, file, mortar and pestle, nutmeg grater, teeth, grinder, grindstone, kern^†, quern^†, koniology^†.

V. come to dust; be disintegrated, be reduced to powder &c reduce to powder, grind to powder; pulverize, comminute, granulate, triturate, levigate^†; scrape, file, abrade, rub down, grind, grate, rasp, pound, bray, bruise; contuse, contund^†; beat, crush, cranch^†, craunch^†, crunch, scranch^†, crumble, disintegrate; attenuate &c 195.

Adj. powdery, pulverulent^†, granular, mealy, floury, farinaceous, branny^†, furfuraceous^†, flocculent, dusty, sandy, sabulous^†, psammous^†; arenose^†, arenarious^†, arenaceous^†; gritty, efflorescent, impalpable; lentiginous^†, lepidote^†, sabuline^†; sporaceous^†, sporous^†.

pulverizable; friable, crumbly, shivery; pulverized &c v.; attrite^†; in pieces.