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TnaG’s Irish language service is neither an opportunity nor a threat. Irish speakers are bilingual and will continue to be increasingly aware of the way in which digital technology is redefining the world in which they live. The maxim ‘Think Globally, Act Locally’ is more relevant than ever in this context.’ http://europa.eu.int/ISPO/convergencegp/tnag.html

147 OJ C 320, 15.11.2001, p. 5-11. http://europa.eu.int/cgi-bin/eur-lex/udl.pl?REQUEST=Seek-Deliver&LANGUAGE=en&SERVICE=eurlex&COLLECTION=oj&DOCID=2001c320p00050011.

A footnote to the statement “62. The Commission will also take into account the difficulty some smaller Member States may have to collect the necessary funds, if costs per inhabitant of the public service are, ceteris paribus, higher.” reads “Similar difficulties may also be encountered when public service broadcasting is directed to linguistic minorities or to local needs.”

148 Ó Riagáin, Dónall ‘The European Union and Lesser Used Languages’, MOST Journal on Multicultural Societies, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2001. ISSN 1564-4901. © Unesco, 2001. http://www.unesco.org/most/vl3n1ria.htm

149 The five were to be French, German, English, Italian and Spanish. Statement by Mr Lamassoure, French Minister for European Affairs, on replacing the 11 official languages of the European Union with five working languages (December 1994). The Parliament rejected this idea, in a Resolution on the use of the official languages in the institutions of the EU: http://www.troc.es/ciemen/mercator/UE24-GB.htm



150 http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/en/treaties/html/148.htm.



151 Presidential Decree 55/1999, art. 57

152 http://www.asturnet.es/alla/home.html.

153 Text of the Act, in Asturian: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Crete/2600/indexcas.htm.



154 In the Basque-speaking zone, models D and A are available. In the mixed zone, models D, A and G. In the non-Basque-speaking zone, models A and G are available in public educational facilities (model D is available in private institutions).

155 http://www.caib.es/govern/illes/cestatut.htm. English: http://www.caib.es/govern/illes/kestatut.htm.

156 http://www.gencat.es/estatut/.


157 http://www.gencat.es/lleicat/cindex.htm.

158 http://cultura.gencat.es/llengcat: Directorate General for Language Policy, Catalan Government;

http://www.caib.es/sac1.htm: Directorate General for Language Policy, Balearic Islands Government; and

http://www.cult.gva.es/dgoiepl: Generalitat Valenciana: Àrea d'Ordenació, Innovació i Formació Professional

and Àrea de Política Lingüística.



159 http://cultura.gencat.es/llengcat/informe/index.htm .

160 Quoted by http://www.intersindical.org/stepv/fentcami/valenciacongres.htm .

161 http://www.intercat.gencat.es/ .



162 http://www.uib.es/secc6/slg/dinamitzacio.htm .

163 http://www.ijlv.org .

164 Open University of Catalonia. http://www.uoc.edu . 86,282 daily website visitors, June 2001.


165 http://www.avui.com . Also 6,385 daily visits to its electronic edition, July 2001.

166 Internet versión: http://www.diaridebalears.com/ .

167 http://www.vilaweb.com .

168 http://www.rtvv.es/www/radio/radio9v.htm .

169 Softcatalà: http://www.softcatala.org .

170 Digit·HVM: http://www.uoc.es/digithum/. Pharmaceuticals: http://www.ojd.es/f_cont_www.html .



171 http://galego.org/hoxe/nivelxeral/inicial.html.

172 http://www.galego.org/lexislacion/xbasica/estatuto.html .


173 http://www.galego.org/lexislacion/xbasica/lei3-83.html .

174 1983 Legislation: http://www.galego.org/lexislacion/xbasica/3-83titIII.html .

175 http://www.tvg.es.



176 Autonomy Act 1920, revised 1991. See http://www.aland.fi/virtual/eng/histmil.html.

177 see http://www.lagtinget.aland.fi/.

178 Constitution Act 1919; Language Act 1922.

179 www.kotus.fi Research Institute for the National Languages of Finland, Helsinki.

180 The Board is accountable to the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. See Lounela, Paavo 1997. The Role of the Advisory Board on Romani Affairs in Finnish Administration. Helsinki: Ministry of Social and Health Care. Appendix to: Initial Periodical Report presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in accordance with Article 15 of the Charter. Finland. Strasbourg, 1 April 1999.

181 http://www.yle.fi (Finnish Broadcasting Company; also for Sami and Finland Swedish).


182 Oulo: http://www.oulu.fi/Welcome.html . Lapland University, at Rovaniemi (Sami courses for some

professions; teaching in Sami; The Institute for Nordic Minorities and Environmental Law):



http://www.urova.fi/english/index.html . Helsinki: http://www.helsinki.fi/english/ .


183 http://www.samiskhs.no/sa-english.htm


184 Bulletin Officiel du ministère de l'Éducation Nationale et du ministère de la Recherche N°33 du 13-09-2001. http://kapeskreol.online.fr/conseil_academique_lr.htm .



185 Guy Carcassonne, Université de Paris X–Nanterre. Report: http://e.authamayou.free.fr/rappindex.html.

186 Basque region names are in the original Basque where traditional English terms are lacking. On some occasions both versions have been included for clarity.

187 ICRESS: Institut Catalan de Recherche en Sciences Sociales - Institut Català de Recerca en Ciències Socials. Website: http://www.univ-perp.fr/lsh/rch/icress/index.htm .


188 Undertaken by the Interregional Political Observatory (OIP).

189 Source: ABCM- Zweisprachigkeit (founded 1990) http://www.chez.com/abcm/ .

190 http://www.dna.fr/dna/jour/bilingue/ .


191 http://www.bnag.ie/. Until the implementation of the Good Friday agreement, Bord na Gaeilge.


192 http://www.rte.ie/about/

193 http://www.rnag.ie/



194 Loi sur le régime des langues

195 www.cpll.lu.

196 www.igd-leo.lu.



197 (a) Arrêté ministériel du 10 octobre 1975 portant réforme du système officiel d’orthographe luxembourgeoise (published in: Mémorial B-N° 68, 16 novembre 1976, p. 1565). (b) Règlement grand-ducal du 30 juillet 1999 portant réforme du système officiel d'orthographe luxembourgeoise (published in: Mémorial A-N° 112, 11 août 1999, p. 2040).

198 http://crpgl.lu/cortina.

199 www.ltam.lu/culture.

200 http://www.men.lu.

201 ‘Apprentissage ludique du luxembourgeois’.

202 www.uni-trier.de/.

203 http://www.shef.ac.uk/uni/academic/I-M/lsc/.

204 Association for the Promotion of Lëtzebuergesch, founded in 1971, www.eis-sprooch.lu.

205 See www.literaturarchiv.lu/bibliographie and www.etat.lu/CNL.


206 http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/Facts/fact60.htm.



207 http://www.clas.demon.co.uk/.



208 Signed on 10th April 1998. Text: http://www.belfastloughmedia.com/artikel/agreement.shtml,

http://www.reform.org/belfast.htm.

209 http://www.bnag.ie/.


210 Text: http://www.belfastloughmedia.com/artikel/agreement.shtml, http://www.reform.org/belfast.htm.



211 http://www.gcty.com/parsleyij/ullans.html.



212 http://www.bwrdd-yr-iaith.org.uk. At the beginning of 2000, the Welsh Language Board had 28 full time

members of staff, working in five policy departments at its office in Cardiff.



213 http://www.s4c.co.uk/e-index.html.


214 http://www.cymdeithas.com. English texts: http://www.cymdeithas.com/gwybodaeth/en/ .

215 http://www.cymuned.org. English texts: http://www.penllyn.com/cymuned/papers.html .


216 http://www.jiddischkurs.org/.



217 http://www.inforegio.org.







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