Exam 1 – chem 1103 – Oceanography

1. 
   Oceanography is customarily divided into categories, which are:
   

   1. Computational, experimental, field, theoretical

   2. 
      Tectonics, water characteristics, organisms, currents
      
   3. 
      Physical, geological, chemical, biological
      
   4. 
      Near surface, midwater, deep water, abyssal depths
      

2. Darwin was ship’s naturalist on board the:

   1. HMS Beagle

   2. HMS Challenger

   3. Fram

   4. HMS Adventure

   5. HMS Endeavour

3. 
   Put the following three stages of oceanography into historical order: scientific method, navigation, descriptive.
   
   1. 
      Oldest/First Method _________________________
      
   2. 
      Second Method _________________________
      
   3. 
      Latest Method _________________________
      

4. 
   Nansen made an important contribution to oceanography with his study of the ______ Ocean.
   

   1. North Atlantic

   2. Pacific

   3. Indian

   4. Arctic

   5. Antarctic

5. 1,000,000 in scientific notation equals ­­_________________.

6. 
   Density is defined as the amount of _____________ per unit volume.
   

7. 
   In the scientific method, _______________ are tested. If it fails the test, it is discarded. If it passes, it is tested further.
   

8. 
   The earth’s core contains high concentrations of:
   

   1. Lead and silver

   2. Aluminum and nickel

   3. Iron and nickel

   4. Silicon and lead

   5. Iron and copper

9. The boundary between the crust and the upper mantle is called the ____________.

10. 
    (3 pts) The ocean basins can be subdivided into three broad, physiographic provinces: the _____________________, _____________________, and the ________________.
    

11. 
    When the Earth was a molten mass, its elements and compounds separated from each other according to their _________________.
    

    1. Atomic number

    2. Density

    3. Magnetism

    4. Radioactivity

    5. Specific Heat

12. 
    The asthenosphere is a portion of the:
    

    1. Crust

    2. Mantle

    3. Outer core

    4. Inner core

13. 
    Which of the following is not characteristic of the deep sea basins?
    

    1. Canyons

    2. Plains

    3. Hills

    4. Seamounts

    5. Guyots

14. 
    Which of the following are associated with active volcanoes and strong earthquakes?
    

    1. Abyssal plains

    2. Abyssal hills

    3. Guyots

    4. Seamounts

    5. Deep-sea trenches

15. 
    Pressure is a ________________ per unit area (kg m^-1 s^-2).
    

16. 
    (3 pts) Pressure is P = ____ ________ _________
    

_________________ is __________________

17. 
    The circulation of winds in both hemispheres is arranged in the ________ cells.
    
    1. 
       Polar, Tropical, and Subtropical
       
    2. 
       Southwesterly, Northwesterly, and Southeasterly
       
    3. 
       Hadley, Ferrel, and Polar
       
    4. 
       Equatorial, Polar, and Latitudinal
       

18. 
    Currents are named for the direction:
    
    1. 
       in which they are going
       
    2. 
       from which they are coming.
       

19. 
    Winds are named for the direction:
    
    1. 
       in which they are going
       
    2. 
       from which they are coming.
       

20. 
    Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is produced mainly at the surface of the ______ Seas.
    
    1. 
       East and West China
       
    2. 
       North and Bering
       
    3. 
       Weddell and Ross
       
    4. 
       Baltic and North
       

21. 
    Surface ocean circulation is driven by ____________________.
    

22. 
    Deep ocean circulation is driven by ______________________.
    

23. 
    There are ________________ km (kilometers) in a m (meter).
    

24. 
    The large circles of surface currents in the ocean are termed _________.
    
    1. 
       loops
       
    2. 
       gyres
       
    3. 
       seiches
       
    4. 
       sinks
       
    5. 
       gradients
       

25. 
    Standard atmospheric pressure is equivalent to _________ (a number) atmosphere(s).
    

26. 
    The net flow of water to the right of the wind in the Northern Hemisphere is termed:
    
    1. 
       upwelling
       
    2. 
       downwelling
       
    3. 
       Ekman transport
       
    4. 
       Langmuir circulation
       
    5. 
       Franklin gyre
       

27. 
    A pressure gradient is:
    
    1. 
       the change in pressure vertically in the atmosphere
       
    2. 
       the change in pressure across a horizontal distance
       
    3. 
       a chart of the air pressures of a region over a long period of time
       
    4. 
       a method of grading the changes in pressure for accuracy
       

28. 
    The net transport of water in an Ekman spiral in the Northern hemisphere is ______ to the right of the wind direction.
    
    1. 
       45^o
       
    2. 
       15^o
       
    3. 
       90^o
       
    4. 
       135o
       
    5. 
       180^o
       

29. 
    North Atlantic Deep Water originates near:
    
    1. 
       the Falkland Islands
       
    2. 
       the Canary Islands
       
    3. 
       Greenland
       
    4. 
       Hudson Bay
       
    5. 
       The Aleutian Islands
       

30. 
    The analogy between global scale oceanic circulation and an immense conveyor belt is:
    
    1. 
       entirely theoretical
       
    2. 
       strongly supported by theoretical analysis and direct observation
       
    3. 
       compatible with general observation, but highly simplified
       
    4. 
       the only possible explanation for oceanic circulation
       

31. 
    Water flowing out of the Mediterranean Sea into the Atlantic is:
    
    1. 
       fresh and cool
       
    2. 
       salty and cool
       
    3. 
       fresh and warm
       
    4. 
       salty and warm
       

32. 
    The Coriolis force is dependent on
    
    1. 
       latitude
       
    2. 
       longitude
       
    3. 
       depth
       
    4. 
       altitude
       

33. 
    Atoms that are chemically bonded to one another comprise a __________________.
    

34. 
    The isotopes of an element contain a variable number of _________________.
    

35. 
    Before ice can melt, or water can vaporize, energy is required to break the ________________ bonds between the water molecules.
    

36. 
    Oceans in _________ latitudes often develop a seasonal thermocline.
    

37. 
    The highest values for sea surface salinity occur in _____________ regions.
    

38. 
    (2pts) The dominant elements dissolved in sea water are _____________ and _____________.
    

39. 
    The central portion of an atom is the ________________.
    

40. 
    A charged atom is called an __________.
    

41. 
    A negatively charged particle is called an _______________.
    

42. 
    The total dissolved material in seawater is termed: ____________________.
    

43. 
    Zones of rapid temperature change with depth are called __________________.
    

44. 
    (True or False) Dissolved oxygen concentration is highest below the pycnocline.
    

45. 
    (True or False) Gases dissolve more in warmer water.
    

46. 
    (True or False) Warmer water is more dense than colder water.
    

47. 
    (True or False) The photic zone is the region without light.
    

48. 
    (True or False) Thermohaline circulation is driven by density differences associated with changes in the temperature and salinity of water.
    

49. 
    (5 pts) Name the five oceans:
    

50. 
    (2 pts) Name two of the unique properties of water: