Exploration and Colonization
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Exploration and Colonization These are the key ideas you will need to learn this unit. This and your interactive notebook will be your study guide. Vocabulary: exploration, colonize, charter, mercantilism, agrarian, textile industry Significant dates: 1607 – founding of Jamestown; 1st permanent settlement 1620 – arrival of the Pilgrims and signing of Mayflower Compact Reasons for exploration Religion, Wealth, Fame, National Pride, Curiosity, faster & cheaper trade routes to Asia Reasons for colonization Religious freedom, Political freedom, Economic opportunity (mercantilism), a better way of life The Political, Economic, Religious, and Social reasons for establishing the 13 colonies Political – competition with Spain and France who had many colonies in the Americas Economic – Increase trade and markets for English exports, source of raw materials Religious – seeking religious freedom, freedom form persecution for religious beliefs Social – opportunity for adventure and better way of life Reasons for the growth of representative government during colonial period The distance from England, colonist were used to English traditions and structures (Parliament), communities were isolated Importance of the following: Mayflower Compact – an agreement establishing self-government – everyone obeys laws and treats one another fairly The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – 1st written constitution in the colonies Virginia House of Burgesses – 1st representative government in the colonies; beginning of democracy How did religion and virtue contribute to the growth of representative government in the American colonies? Religious freedom was the main cause for the establishment of the American colonies, Religious groups created communities Effects of slaves during colonial period Political – no political voice, no vote Economic – labor of Plantations, considered property Social – viewed as property Effects of free blacks during the colonial period Political – no political voice, no vote Economic – low wage earners Social – lowest social class What was the impact of slavery on different sections of the United States? Economic factors – slaves viewed as property and labor supply You will be able to locate places and regions of importance during this era on a map. Jamestown, New England region, Middle colonies region, Southern colonies region, New York City, Philadelphia, and Boston Human and physical characteristics of the following: New England region – Atlantic Ocean, subsistence farming, poor soil, cold climate Middle region – rich soil, rivers, natural ports, raw materials, Atlantic Ocean Southern region – Appalachian Mtns., rivers, rich soil, warm climate, raw materials Physical geographic factors of exploration and colonization Proximity to Atlantic coastline determined where settlements/colonies were created Human geographic factors of explorations and colonization Removal of the Native Americans, disease and conflict How was population distribution influenced by physical characteristics? Areas with ports and cities had a high population and areas that mostly had plantations had a low population How did different immigrant groups interact with the environment? French – fur traders British - farmers Dutch – businesses – settled in New York Spanish – missions – spread religion African American - slavery The economic differences of the different regions of the United States New England colonies – shipbuilding and manufacturing Middle Colonies – agriculture and cattle; 1st factories Southern Colonies – plantations, cash crops (cotton, indigo, tobacco, rice)
Why was the plantation system developed? Large amt. of land available in the South, great soil and weather Why was the transatlantic slave trade developed? To provide a labor source for sugar plantations in the West Indies Why was there a sudden spread of slavery during this era? Increased demand for rice, indigo, tobacco, and cotton There were major economic differences between the different regions of the U.S. What were the causes and effects of these differences? New England – long winters, rocky soil, forest = subsistence farming, shipbuilding, fishing Middle Colonies – shorter winters, fertile soil, good ports = farming, trade, and large immigrant population Southern colonies – warm climate, good soil = plantation system & large slave system Significant individuals of this era: Thomas Hooker –influenced writing of The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Charles de Montesquieu – education necessary, separation of powers John Locke – influenced Thomas Jefferson William Blackstone – wrote Commentaries on the Laws of England William Penn – Quaker; founded colony of Pennsylvania Be able to identify the racial, ethnic, and religious groups that settled in the United States during this era and why. Dutch – New York economic reasons Swedes – Delaware economic reasons English – religious and political freedom
You will be able to identify the contributions of women to the American society Pocahontas helped John Smith and European settlers in Virginia Anne Hutchinson led Bible studies against the orders of church leaders Trace the development of religious freedom in the United States 1620 Plymouth Colony 17th Century church closely tied to state 1681-1776 Penn guaranteed religious freedom to all who settled in Pennsylvania 1689 Toleration Acts Maryland founded for Catholics 1791 Bill of Rights guaranteed freedom of religion Download 20.63 Kb. Share with your friends:
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