Exposure Java 2014 Table of Contents Chapters I x

I Introduction to Computer Science

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.7

1.9

1.11

1.13

Learning the Exposure Way . . . . . . . . . . . .

Exposure Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How Do Computers Work? . . . . . . . . . . . .

Messages with Morse Code . . . . . . . . . . . .

Electronic Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Memory and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hardware and Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A “Brief” History of Computers. . . . . . . . . . . .

What Is Programming? . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A “Brief” History of Programming Languages . . . . . .

Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2

4

8

9

15

18

41

42

52

2a.1

2a.2

2a.4

2a.6

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Loading and Executing an NXT Program . . . . . . . .

The Sequence Beam and Program Blocks . . . . . . .

Configuring the Display and Wait Blocks . . . . . . . .

Configuring the Move Block . . . . . . . . . . . .

Program Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

54

58

68

72

2b.1

2b.3

2b.5

2b.7

2b.9

2b.11

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Getting Started with Java . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A Visit to the United Nations . . . . . . . . . . . .

Java Bytecode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Applications and Applets . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using Java Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Text Output With print & println . . . . . . . . . . .

Program Compile Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Program Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Responsible Use of Computers . . . . . . . . .

NXT and Java Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . .

82

83

85

88

91

97

104

3a.1

3a.3

3a.5

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The NXT Variable Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using Data Wires to transfer Data Values . . . . . . .

Binary Operations with the Math Block . . . . . . . .

String Concatenation with the Text Block . . . . . . .

The NXT Constant Block . . . . . . . . . . . . .

126

131

140

3b.1

3b.3

3b.5

3b.7

3b.9

3b.11

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Storing Data Information . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Declaring Variables in Java . . . . . . . . . . . .

The int Data Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The double Data Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The String Data Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The char Data Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The boolean Data Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Declaring Constants in Java. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Documenting Your Programs . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mathematical Precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NXT and Java Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . .

150

152

159

163

165

170

4a.1

4a.3

4a.5

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using Math Block Functions . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Random Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Graphics and Coordinate Geometry . . . . . . . . .

The Display Block Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Sound Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

184

191

197

4b.1

4b.3

4b.5

4b.7

4b.9

4b.11

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Java Program Components . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using the Math Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Introduction to the Expo Class . . . . . . . . . . .

Graphics and Coordinate Geometry . . . . . . . . .

Drawing Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fill Methods and Graphics Colors . . . . . . . . . .

The random Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Drawing Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Expo Class Reference Information . . . . . . . . . .

NXT and Java Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . .

204

208

217

230

237

244

5a.1

5a.3

5a.5

5a.7

5a.9

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fixed Repetition with the Loop Block . . . . . . . . .

Using the Loop Control Variable . . . . . . . . . . .

Using the Loop Block with Wait . . . . . . . . . . .

Nested Looping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nested Loops and Data Wires . . . . . . . . . . .

Using Sound in a Loop Block . . . . . . . . . . . .

Conditional Looping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using the Loop Block with Graphics . . . . . . . . .

252

256

259

264

269

Vb Java Repetition

5b.1

5b.3

5b.5

5b.7

5b.9

5b.11

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fixed Repetition with for. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using the Loop Control Variable . . . . . . . . . . .

Nested Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Keyboard Input with Expo.enterInt . . . . . . . . . .

Conditional Repetition with do…while . . . . . . . . .

Repetition and Graphics. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Displaying Graphics Characters . . . . . . . . . . .

Drawing Regular Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Creating New Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using Random Numbers with graphics in a Loop . . . . . NXT and Java Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . .

272

278

286

291

301

308

6a.1

6a.3

6a.5

6a.7

6a.9

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Creating Simple Program Blocks . . . . . . . . . .

Program Blocks with Input Information . . . . . . . .

Program Blocks with Multiple Input Information . . . . .

Program Blocks with Output Information . . . . . . . .

Program Blocks with Input & Output Information . . . . .

Using My Blocks to Create a My Block . . . . . . . .

User Input with the EnterIntNXT My Block . . . . . . .

Creating a Practical Program with Just a Few My Blocks . .

326

339

351

359

376

6b.1

6b.3

6b.5

6b.7

6b.9

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Creating Simple Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Graphics Programs with Multiple Methods . . . . . . .

Creating a Big Graphics Program Step-By-Step . . . . .

Void Methods with a Single Parameter . . . . . . . .

Void Methods with Multiple Parameters . . . . . . . .

Return Methods with a Single Parameter . . . . . . .

Return Methods with Multiple Parameters . . . . . . .

Creating Methods with Other Methods . . . . . . . .

NXT and Java Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . .

382

392

417

430

436

7a.1

7a.3

7a.5

7a.7

7a.9

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Switch Block Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

One-Way Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Two-Way Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nested Control Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Multi-Way Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Compound Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Compound Compound Conditions . . . . . . . . . .

454

461

465

471

479

7b.1

7b.2

7b.4

7b.6

7b.8

7b.10

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Relational Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

One-Way Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Two-Way Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nested Control Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Multiple-Way Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The boolean Data Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Compound Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Protecting Against user Data Entry Errors . . . . . . .

NXT and Java Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . .

484

487

495

518

530

536

8.1

8.3

8.5

8.7

8.9

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sensor Blocks in Lego NXT . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Touch Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Sound Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Light Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Ultrasonic Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The NXT Button Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Rotation Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Combining Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

550

556

566

574

583

9a.1

9a.3

9a.5

9a.7

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Different Types of Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The File Access Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Storing and Retrieving Text Data . . . . . . . . . .

Files with Multiple Lines of Data . . . . . . . . . . .

Retrieving Data with a Conditional Loop . . . . . . . .

Data Files that Store Numbers . . . . . . . . . . .

588

591

597

600

9b.1

9b.2

9b.4

9b.6

9b.8

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Classes and Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using Object Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using the DecimalFormat Class . . . . . . . . . . .

Reading In Text Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Writing Out Text Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reading and Writing Simultaneously . . . . . . . . .

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

604

610

619

631

10.1

10.3

10.5

10.7

10.9

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using Mouse Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Importing Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fixing Image Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Features with the Deluxe Expo Class . . . . . . .

Multi-Page Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Creating a Simple Draw Program . . . . . . . . . .

Creating Clickable Areas in the Applet . . . . . . . .

Computer Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Last Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

636

644

670

683

712