Fibrous encased ring (anulus fibrosus) that encapsulates a gelatinous center



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Ligament

Attachment

Purpose

Extra Notes

Intervertebral disk

  • Fibrous encased ring (anulus fibrosus) that encapsulates a gelatinous center (nucleus pulposus)

Hold the vertebrae together and act as shock absorbers

There is no disks between cranium and CV1 and between CV1/CV2. Fibers from anulus fibrosus fuse with annular epiphysis (smooth rim of bone located on the superior/inferior surfaces of the vertebral body) of each neighboring vertebrae. Disks are ossified in sacrum and absent in coccyx

Anterior longitudinal ligament

  • Bone tubercle located at midline on the anterior rim of the foramen magnum

  • Anterior tubercle of CV1

  • Anterior midline surface of vertebral bodies of CV2-SV1 (and IV disk)

Maintain support and alignment of the vertebral column




Posterior longitudinal ligament

Maintain support and alignment of the vertebral column

Merges with tectorial membrane, which connects CV2 to the clivus of the occipital bone. Ligament is broad in the cervical region and narrows as it descends to the lumbar/sacral region

Supraspinatous ligament

  • Spinous process of CV7 to SV3.

Provide support to the vertebral column

Continuous with the ligamentum nuchae.

Ligamentum nuchae

  • Free border is continuous with supraspinatous ligament and extends from ex. occipital protuberance to spinous process of CV7

  • Superior border attaches to occipital bone along ex. occipital crest to base of foramen magnum

  • Attach border attaches to the base of foramen magnum and to the posterior tubercle of CV1 and spinous processes of CV2-CV7

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Interspinous ligament

  • Adjacent spinous processes from CV2-SV1

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Ligamentum flavum

  • Paired set of elastic membranes that attach adjoining lamina between CV1 to SV1

Attach adjoining lamina.

Do NOT fuse at midline. Ligamentum flavum is absent between cranium and CV1 and is replaced by a non-elastic membrane (posterior atlantooccipital membrane)

Anterior and posterior atlantooccipital membane

  • Tendinous membrane that encircles region spanning from rim of foramen magnum and the superior surfaces of the anterior and posterior arches of CV1 respectively.

Provide support to the atlantooccipital joint




Cruciate ligament

Strengthens the atlantoaxial joint

Limits the posterior displacement of dens into spinal canal (area vital for respiration)

Alar ligament (paired)

  • Attach to dens process of CV2 and insert at roughly 100° angle from its partner at the base of the occipital bone




Prevents over rotation of the head




Iliolumbar ligament

  • Arise from transverse process of LV4-5 and insert on the anterior surface of the iliac crest

Provide support to the iliolumbar joint




Sacroiliac ligaments

  • Between the SV1-SV4 and the ilium

Provide support to the sacroiliac joint




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