File: Chapter 04 Microprocessors Multiple Choice

1. What are the four general-purpose CPU registers?

A. AX, BX, YX, and ZX

B. EAX, EBX, ECX, and EDX

C. RAX, RBX, RCX, and RDX

D. AX, BX, CX, and DX

Ans: D

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2. Al of the machine language commands that the CPU understands make up its _______________.

A. MCC

B. instruction set

D. IMC

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3. How many clock cycles does the CPU require to act on a command?

A. At least two

B. At least three

C. At least four

D. At least five

Ans: A

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4. One billion cycles per second is equivalent to _______________.

A. 1 gigahertz

B. 1 hertz

C. 1 megahertz

D. 1 terahertz

Ans: A

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5. In today’s computers, the CPU tells _______________ the clock speed it needs, and the clock chip then automatically adjusts for the CPU.

A. the motherboard

B. RAM

D. the hard disk

Ans: A

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6. How many bits make up a byte?

A. 4

B. 8

D. 32

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7. Four bits make up a _______________.

A. byte

B. nibble

D. word

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8. A _______________ is made up of 64 bits.

A. byte

B. nibble

D. double word

Ans: C

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9. Which component stores the data that the CPU actively uses?

A. CD

B. Floppy diskette

D. RAM

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10. What type of RAM is used for main system memory?

A. DRAM

B. SRAM

D. CRAM

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11. Which component requires a constant electrical charge and a periodic refresh of the circuits?

A. DRAM

B. SRAM

D. GPU

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12. What typically connects a CPU to RAM?

A. Bus

B. Clock

D. EDB

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13. What is equivalent to 1024 bytes?

A. 1 kilobyte

B. 1 megabyte

C. 1 nanobyte

D. 1 terabyte

Ans: A

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14. Suppose the number of wires in a CPU’s address bus is 20. What is the maximum amount of RAM the CPU can handle?

A. 1,048,576 bytes

B. 302 bytes

C. 260 megabits

D. 2120 kilobytes

Ans: A

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15. One megabyte is equivalent to _______________ bytes.

A. 1,048

B. 1,048,576

C. 10,048,576

D. 100,048, 576

Ans: B

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16. Intel’s Pentium and Celeron series of CPUs are intended for which target market?

A. Mobile devices

B. Budget Desktop PCs

C. Servers

D. Mainstream/enthusiast desktop

Ans: B

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17. Which CPU is targeted at the mobile device platform?

A. Intel Atom

B. AMD Opteron

C. Intel Xeon

D. Intel Pentium

Ans: A

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18. What is an important difference between desktops and mobile devices in terms of CPU needs?

A. Mobile devices need to consume more electricity.

B. Desktops run with less heat.

C. Mobile devices need to consume less electricity.

D. Desktops require extended battery life.

Ans: C

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19. CPUs typically run at some factor of the clock speed. What makes this possible?

A. Dividers

B. Speed enhancers

C. Speed uppers

D. Multipliers

Ans: D

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20. What newer technology automatically configures CPU multipliers and speeds?

A. CPUID

B. Jumpers

C. MMX

D. SRAM

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21. How much RAM can a 64-bit processor theoretically access?

A. 4 GB

B. 16 GB

D. 16 EB

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22. How much RAM can 32-bit processors access?

A. Up to 16 EB

B. Up to 16 GB

C. Up to 4 GB

D. Up to 4 EB

Ans: C

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23. What keeps every stage of the processor busy on every click of the clock, making a CPU run more efficiently without increasing the clock speed?

A. Cores

B. Threads

C. Pipelines

D. Cycles

Ans: C

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24. Which technology allows a computer to run more than one operating system at a time?

A. Static RAM

B. Pipelining

C. Virtualization

D. Caching

Ans: C

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25. Newer CPUs process instructions and commands in what type of execution?

A. Linear

B. Parallel

C. Serial

D. Caching

Ans: B

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26. What are the four stages of the pipelining process?

A. Fetch, Decode, Execute, and Write

B. Read, Write, Fetch, and Execute

C. Read, Write, Encode, and Decode

D. Fetch, Decode, Encode, and Write

Ans: A

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27. No CPU ever made has fewer than _______________ stages, but advancements in caching have increased the number of stages over the years.

A. two

B. three

D. five

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28. What term defines the first cache that the CPU uses?

A. L1 cache

B. L2 cache

C. L3 cache

D. L4 cache

Ans: A

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29. What kind of RAM comprises cache?

A. Fast RAM

B. Cool RAM

C. Multi-RAM

D. SRAM

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Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

30. What cache was historically on the motherboard, but now often comes on the CPU?

A. L1

B. L2

D. backside cache

Ans: B

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31. What type of RAM is used in the CPU’s cache?

A. BRAM

B. CRAM

D. SRAM

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Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

32. Which cache on the CPU is used first?

A. L3

B. L2

D. L0

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Difficulty: medium
[QUESTION]

33. What is the biggest and slowest cache?

A. L0

B. L1

D. L3

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Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

34. Which technology effectively turns the CPU into two CPUs on one chip?

A. Emulation

B. Multithreading

C. Multicore processing

D. Virtualization

Ans: B

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35. What is the practical limit for modern CPU clock speeds?

A. 3 GHz

B. 4 GHz

D. 8 GHz

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Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

36. Because CPU makers cannot make the processors run much quicker, they instead _______________.

A. combine multiple CPUs on a single chip

B. alternate L1 and L2 cache onto the motherboard

C. make the RAM run quicker

D. eliminate the use of hyper-threading

Ans: A

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37. In _______________, the cores in multicore CPUs to divide up work independently of the OS.

A. multiprocessor processing

B. multicore processing

C. hyper-threading

D. multi-threading

Ans: B

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38. What chip, in modern CPUs, optimizes the flow of information into and out of the CPU?

A. IMC

B. MCC

D. DRAM

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Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

39. Which type of processor is sometimes integrated with the CPU to handle certain tasks more efficiently, such as video processing?

A. L2

B. MCC

D. GPU

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Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

40. What technology requires that the OS and applications be written specifically to handle multiple threads?

A. Emulation

B. Multicore processing

C. Hyper-threading

D. Virtualization

Ans: C

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41. What type of socket package do AMD chips use?

A. LGA

B. PGA

D. GPU

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Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

42. Which type of socket package do Intel processors use?

A. LGA

B. PGA

D. L2

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Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

43. What type of socket is used to hold a CPU in place?

A. ZIF

B. ZAF

D. ZOO

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Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

44. What type of socket does not require any force when installing the processor with the socket?

A. Socket Lock

B. LGA

D. ZIF

Page: 109

Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

45. Which type of coolers are heat-sink and fan assemblies that are included with most Intel retail-boxed CPU?

A. Liquid coolers

B. OEM CPU coolers

C. Specialized CPU coolers

D. Internal coolers

Ans: B

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46. What is applied to the CPU before attaching the heat-sink/fan assembly?

A. Alcohol prep

B. Protective film

C. Thermal compound

D. Glue

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Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

47. What performance enhancement is accomplished through jumpers, CMOS settings, or software configuration?

A. Multicore processing

B. Virtualization

C. Hyper-threading

D. Overclocking

Ans: D

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48. What performance-enhancing technique usually voids most manufacturers’ warranties?

A. Overclocking

B. Underclocking

C. Overpowering

D. Undercooling

Ans: A

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49. A sudden CPU shutdown usually indicates what condition?

A. Faulty RAM

B. Overclocking

C. Overheating

D. Faulty IMC

Ans: C

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50. What results from a catastrophic error on a PC?

A. Sudden reboot

B. Red Screen of Death

C. Pin Wheel error

D. Windows Stop error

Ans: D

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1. The _______________ performs most of the calculations that make your computer a computer.

Ans: central processing unit (CPU)

central processing unit

CPU

microprocessor

Difficulty: Medium

2. The communication device of the CPU is called the _______________.

Ans: external data bus (EDB)

external data bus

EDB

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3. In the _______________ system, the number 1 represents the On state and the number 0 represents the Off state.

Ans: binary

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4. In computers, the _______________ system describes the state of a wire at any given moment.

Ans: binary

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5. The temporary storage areas (worktables) of a CPU are called _______________.

Ans: registers

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6. The CPU’s instruction set is comprised of all the _______________ commands that the CPU understands.

Ans: machine language

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7. Adding 1 to the number already in the CX register, denoted by 01000001, is an example of real _______________ language for the Intel 8088.

Ans: machine

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8. The _______________, which sends a signal to the clock chip, determines the speed at which a CPU and the rest of the PC operate.

Ans: system crystal

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9. The system crystal is a quartz oscillator soldered to the _______________.

Ans: motherboard

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10. A(n) _______________ is a series of commands sent to a CPU in a specific order for the CPU to perform work.

Ans: program

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11. Devices that hold ones and zeros that the CPU accesses are known generically as _______________.

Ans: memory

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12. Eight _______________ is called a byte.

Ans: bits

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13. RAM size is measured in _______________.

Ans: bytes

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14. Computers use _______________ for the main system memory.

Ans: dynamic RAM (DRAM)

dynamic RAM

DRAM

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15. In PCs, _______________ transfers and stores data to and from the CPU in byte-sized chunks.

Ans: random access memory (RAM)

random access memory

RAM

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16. RAM is arranged in _______________-sized rows.

Ans: byte

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17. The device that retrieves data from RAM and places it on the external data bus is called the _______________.

Ans: memory controller chip (MCC)

memory controller chip

MCC

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18. The _______________ contains special circuitry so it can grab the contents of any single line of RAM and place that data or command on the EDB.

Ans: memory controller chip (MCC)

memory controller chip

MCC

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19. Intel Xeon and AMD Opteron processors are intended for the _______________ market.

Ans: server

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20. The CPUs of _______________ devices must consume as little electricity as possible, to conserve battery life and limit heat.

Ans: mobile

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21. Mobile processors extend battery charge by using less _______________ than the processors used in desktop computers.

Ans: electricity

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22. Intel’s _______________ technology, for example, enables the CPU to run in very low power mode and scale up automatically if the user demands more power from the CPU.

Ans: Speedstep

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23. All modern CPUs run at some multiple of the _______________ speed.

Ans: system clock

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24. A single charge to the clock wire is called a(n) _______________.

Ans: clock cycle

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25. The _______________-bit address bus can address 16 EB of RAM.

Ans: 64

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26. Today’s CPUs report to the motherboard through a function called _______________, and the speed and multiplier are set automatically.

Ans: CPUID (CPU identifier)

CPU identifier (CPUID)

CPU identifier

CPUID

Difficulty: Medium

27. The four steps or stages of a CPU, in order, are _______________, _______________, execute, and write.

Ans: fetch, decode

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28. The circuits inside the CPU are organized in a conveyer-belt fashion called a(n) _______________.

Ans: pipeline

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29. Originally, the cache on the CPU was called the _______________ cache because it was the one the CPU first tried to use.

Ans: L1

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Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

30. SRAM used to preload as many instructions as possible and keep copies of already run instructions and data in case the CPU needs to work on them again is called a(n) _______________.

Ans: cache

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Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

31. The number of caches included with most newer CPUs is _______________.

Ans: three

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Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

32. To reduce wait states, CPUs come with built-in _______________.

Ans: static RAM (SRAM)

static RAM

SRAM

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33. SRAM _______________ as many instructions as possible and keeps copies of already run instructions and data.

Ans: preloads

Page: 102

Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

34. With _______________, each individual pipeline of the Pentium 4 runs multiple threads at a time.

Ans: Hyper-Threading

Page: 103

Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

35. The address bus and external data bus (connecting the CPU, MCC, and RAM) were collectively called the _______________ bus.

Ans: frontside

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Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

36. The connection between the CPU and the L2 cache has been called the _______________ bus.

Ans: backside

Page: 103

Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

37. A(n) _______________ CPU has two execution units—two sets of pipelines—but the two sets of pipelines share caches and RAM

Ans: dual-core

dual core

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Difficulty: Hard

38. Almost all current CPUs have a(n) _______________, moved from the motherboard chip into the CPU to optimize the flow of information into and out of the CPU.

Ans: integrated memory controller (IMC)

integrated memory controller

IMC

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39. The video processing portion of the computer traditionally has a discrete microprocessor unique to video capabilities, known as the _______________.

Ans: integrated graphics processing unit (GPU)

integrated graphics processing unit

GPU

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40. In the Intel processor number, Intel Core i7 5775 C, i7 is the _______________.

Ans: brand

Page: 108

Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]

41. Three things to consider when installing a CPU are _______________ type, cooling, and performance.

Ans: socket

Page: 108

Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]

42. The AM3+ socket has _______________ pins.

Ans: 942

Page:108

43. Intel-designed _______________ sockets to make CPU insertion and removal easier.

Ans: zero insertion force (ZIF)

zero insertion force

ZIF

Page: 109

44. A(n) heat sink and a(n) _______________ connect to the CPU and keep it cool.

Ans: fan

Page: 110

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

45. Before inserting the heat sink, you need to add a small amount of _______________.

Ans: thermal paste

thermal compound

heat dope

nasty silver goo

Page: 111

Difficulty: Hard

46. A specialized CPU cooler that consists of a hollow metal block, a pump, and a cooling device is a(n) _______________-cooling system.

Ans: liquid

Page: 111

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

47. In some instances, you can create a system that has no fan for the CPU with what is called fanless or _______________ cooling.

Ans: passive

Page: 111

Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]

48. Forcing a system to run faster than the speed for which it is rated is called _______________.

Ans: overclocking

Page: 113

Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

49. Overclocking is done through _______________, CMOS settings, or software configuration.

Ans: jumpers

Page: 113

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

50. Not enough thermal paste or thermal paste spread unevenly can cause the CPU to _______________ up and consequently shut itself down.

Ans: heat

Page: 114

Difficulty: Hard
Short Answer
[QUESTION]

1. List the general-purpose registers of the Intel processor.

Ans: The general-purpose registers of the Intel processor are AX, BX, CX, and DX.

Page: 84

2. What is a clock speed and how is it determined?

Ans: The maximum number of clock cycles that a CPU can handle in a given period of time is referred to as its clock speed. The clock speed is the fastest speed at which a CPU can operate, determined by the CPU manufacturer.

Page: 86

3. What is clock speed?

Ans: The maximum number of clock cycles that a CPU can handle is called clock speed.

Page: 86

4. What causes the CPU to process a command placed on the EDB?

Ans: For the CPU to process a command placed on the EDB, a certain minimum voltage must be applied to the CLK wire. A single charge to the CLK wire is called a clock cycle. Actually, the CPU requires at least two clock cycles to act on a command, and usually more.

Page: 86

5. What is placed on the external data bus (EDB) to tell the CPU what to do?

Ans: A command placed on the external data bus is called a line of code or an instruction.

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6. What is a program?

Ans: A program is a series of commands sent to a CPU in a specific order for performing a certain task.

Page: 88

7. What is memory?

Ans: Memory is the storage area used by devices to store ones and zeros for the CPU to access.

Page: 89

8. How do mass storage devices differ from RAM?

Ans: Mass storage devices such as hard drives and flash drives store programs and data permanently, while RAM holds programs and data the CPU actively uses.

Page: 90

9. What is an address bus?

Ans: An address bus is a set of wires with which the CPU communicates with the MCC.

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10. Name the two primary manufacturers of processors today.

Ans: Two primary manufacturers of processors today are Intel and AMD.

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11. Which CPUs are typically designed for the mainstream and enthusiast desktop market?

Ans: Intel’s Core i7/i5/i3, and AMD’s A-Series and FX

Page: 95

12. What are some of the key factors in selecting a CPU?

Ans: Find the right CPU for the right purpose; determine if the motherboard supports Intel or AMD processors; and determine what type of socket the motherboard has.

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13. The Atom processor is used for what type of platform/market?

Ans: The Atom processor is used for portable/mobile devices.

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14. What is the purpose of CPU code names?

Ans: CPU code names keep track of different variations within models—CPUs labeled as the same model may have CPUs inside that are very different from earlier versions of that model.

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15. What component in modern computers runs at some multiple of the system clock speed?

Ans: The CPU runs at some multiple of the system clock speed.

Page: 97

16. What drove 64-bit processing to be developed?

Ans: Increases in EDB and address-bus size, as well as new technologies such as MMX and SSE have supported the move to 64-bit computing.

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17. What is the primary benefit to moving to 64-bit computing?

Ans: The primary benefit to moving to 64-bit computing is that modern systems can support much more than the 4 GB of memory supported with 32-bit processing.

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18. What are some advantages of 64-bit computing?

Ans: A 64-bit address bus can address 16 EB of RAM. In practical terms, 64-bit computing greatly enhances the performance of programs that work with large files such as video editing applications.

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19. How does pipelining increase the efficiency of the CPU without increasing the clock speed?

Ans: Pipelines keep every stage of the processor busy on every click of the clock, making a CPU run more efficiently without increasing the clock speed.

Page: 99

20. How do newer CPUs support virtualization?

Ans: The key issue from a CPU standpoint is that virtualization used to work entirely through software. Programmers had to write a ton of code to enable a CPU—that was designed to run one OS at a time—to run more than one OS at the same time. With hardware-based virtualization support, CPUs took a lot of the burden off the programmers and made virtualization a whole lot easier.

Page: 99

21. What makes parallel execution possible?

Ans: The CPUs accomplish parallel execution through multiple pipelines, dedicated cache, and the capability to work with multiple threads or programs at one time.

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22. Briefly describe the four steps or stages of a CPU in one sentence each.

Ans: The four steps or stages of a CPU are:

1. Fetch: Get the data from the EDB.

2. Decode: Figure out what type of command needs to be executed.

3. Execute: Perform the calculation

4. Write: Send the data back onto the EDB.

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23. What is a parallel execution?

Ans: Modern CPUs can process multiple commands and parts of commands in parallel, known as parallel execution.

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24. What is the purpose of the SRAM?

Ans: SRAM reduces wait states. SRAM preloads as many instructions as possible and keeps copies of already run instructions and data in case the CPU needs to work on them again.

Page: 102

Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

25. When the CPU looks for a line of code, where will it look first?

Ans: It will first look at the built-in cache, also called the L1.

Page: 102

Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

26. List the three different types of cache included with most newer CPUs.

Ans: Most newer CPUs include three caches: L1, L2, and L3.

Page: 102

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

27. What happens in a wait state?

Ans: A wait state occurs when the CPU is going faster than RAM, causing a pipeline stall.

Page: 102

Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

28. What type of very fast memory is built into the CPU?

Ans: CPUs come with built-in, very high-speed RAM called static RAM (SRAM).

Page: 102

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

29. Which type of cache was originally located outside the CPU on the motherboard?

Ans: L2 cache

Page: 102

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

30. Briefly describe how a cache functions.

Ans: To reduce wait states, CPUs come with built-in, very high-speed RAM called static RAM (SRAM). This SRAM preloads as many instructions as possible and keeps copies of already run instructions and data in case the CPU needs to work on them again. SRAM used in this fashion is called a cache.

Page: 102

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

31. What are two limitations of multithreading?

Ans: Multithreading enhances a CPU’s efficiency but with a couple of limitations. First, the operating system and the application have to be designed to take advantage of the feature. Second, although the CPU simulates the actions of a second processor, it does not double the processing power because the main execution resources are not duplicated.

Page: 103

Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

32. What are primary reasons for integrating the graphics processing unit (GPU) into the CPU.

Ans: The generic term for the video processor is a graphics processing unit (GPU). A graphics processor that can handle certain tasks much more efficiently than the standard CPU. A GPU is sometimes integrated with the CPU to enhance the overall performance of the computer while

at the same time reducing energy use, size, and cost.

Page: 105

Difficulty: Medium

33. How does multicore processing differ from Hyper-Threading Technology?

Ans: CPU manufacturers engineered the cores in multicore CPUs to divide up work independently of the OS, known as multicore processing. This differs from Hyper-Threading Technology, where the OS and applications have to be written specifically to handle the multiple threads.

Page: 105

Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

34. What may cause different CPUs to require different types and capacities of RAM?

Ans: Manufacturers implement a variety of integrated memory controllers (IMCs) in their CPUs. In practice, this means that different CPUs handle different types and capacities of RAM.

Page: 105

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

35. List at least three examples of Intel-based sockets.

Ans: Intel-based sockets include: LGA 775, LGA 1155, LGA 1156, LGA 1366, LGA 2011, LGA 1150, and LGA 1151.

Page: 107

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

36. How many pins are included on an AMD FM2+ Socket?

Ans: 906

Page: 108

Difficulty: Easy
[QUESTION]

37. Briefly describe the CPU package for AMD CPUs.

Ans: AMD CPUs have the pins; the sockets have holes. The pins on the AMD pin grid array (PGA) CPUs align with the holes in the sockets.

Page: 108

Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

38. What is the purpose of ZIF sockets?

Ans: Zero insertion force (ZIF) sockets do not require applying any force when installing the processor with the socket.

Page: 109

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

39. What causes CPUs to heat up?

Ans: CPUs consume wattage or watts, a unit of electrical power, just like a 100-watt light bulb consumes power whenever the bulb is on. The more transistors the CPU has, the more power they need and thus, the hotter they get.

Page: 109-110

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

40. What is used to keep CPUs within normal operating temperatures?

Ans: Almost every CPU uses a combination of heat-sink and fan assembly to wick heat away from the CPU.

Page: 110

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

41. What is one big advantage of OEM CPU coolers?

Ans: You know they will work with your CPU.

Page: 110

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

42. For a CPU to work, what configuration items must be set properly?

Ans: For the CPU to work, the motherboard speed, multiplier, and voltage must be set properly.

Page: 112

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

43. What risks come with overclocking a CPU?

Ans: Intentional overclocking of a CPU immediately voids most warranties. Overclocking has been known to destroy CPUs. Overclocking might make your system unstable and prone to lockups and reboots.

Page: 113

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

44. What happens if the CPU is made to run faster than its clock speed?

Ans: If the CPU is made to run faster than its clock speed, the CPU could overheat and may stop working. This situation might make the system unstable and prone to lockups and reboots.

Page: 113

Difficulty: Hard
[QUESTION]

45. What is overclocking?

Ans: Overclocking means intentionally running a system at clock speeds higher than the CPU is rated.

Page: 113

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

46. What technique is used by the motherboard to go back to CMOS defaults?

Ans: Most motherboards have a jumper setting called CMOS clear that makes the CMOS go back to default settings.

Page: 114

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

47. What will newer CPUs usually do before overheating?

Ans: All modern processors have circuitry that shuts them down quickly before they overheat.

Page: 114

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

48. What can too much heat dope (thermal paste) do to the CPU?

Ans: Too much thermal paste can impede the flow of heat from the CPU to the heat sink and cause the CPU to heat up rapidly.

Page: 114

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

49. What are some factors that can cause CPU overheating?

Ans: Too much thermal paste, not enough thermal paste, faulty fan power connection, and environmental heat and/or lack of adequate ventilation are all factors that can cause CPU overheating.

Page: 114

Difficulty: Medium
[QUESTION]

50. What type of event results in the Windows Stop error (or Blue Screen of Death)?

Ans: When a catastrophic error occurs, the PC will suddenly get a Blue Screen of Death (BSoD), what is technically called a Windows Stop error.

Page: 115