Exercises
1. Answer the following questions.
What was the name of Tonganoxie High School basket
ball team?
What kind of atmosphere was there at the game be
tween Tonganoxie High School and St John's High
School?
Who was considered to be the best player of the Chief
tains?
How did Debbie support her boyfriend, Tommy Green,
at the game?
Why didn't Tommy pass the ball to Steve when Steve
was in the position to make the basket?
Why did Sid Lawrence shout at Tommy when he saw
him after the game?
Why did Tommy decide to quit his team?
Did Debbie support his behaviour? Whose side was she
on? How did Tommy behave in the ice-parlor?
Who became the new captain of the Chieftains? Do you
think he was a better captain than Tommy? Explain.
"I'll be there when you lose."
"Don't be too sure"
"The truth sometimes hurts."
"Are you going to be at the dance tomorrow night?"
"I'm already going with somebody."
5. Read the thoughts that sometimes go through Debbie's head and match two parts of the sentences.
6. Complete the short dialogues with conditional sentences.
1. — The bus always takes such a long time to school. If I
(have) a car, I (drive) to school. — Well, if we all (drive) to school in our own cars, we
(need) a bigger parking lot. 2• — If my mother (not need) a car, I (come) to the party
tonight.
10. How did Tommy's mood change when the Chieftains
began to win one game after another with the new
captain?
Why didn't Tommy take part in the celebrations orga
nized by the students?
How did Tommy try to make up with Debbie? Did he
succeed? 2. Find in the text the English equivalents for:
проиграть, игрок № 1, забросить мяч в корзину, быть в неподходящей позиции для броска, край, передать мяч, контролировать себя, воспользоваться шансом уйти, кафе-мороженое, представление с одним участником, счет в матче, уверенный в себе 3. Change the following sentences as in the example.
Use the Passive Voice. Example: Weston easily beat the Chieftains.
The Chieftains were easily beaten by Weston.
Sid Lawrence shouted at Tommy after the game.
One of St John's players caught the ball after it hit the
edge of the basket.
Tommy was glad that the students and teachers were
talking about him.
4. "Just wait, Debbie, they'll soon ask me to come back",
said Tommy.
The Chieftains won the forth game, too.
Before he quit the team, everybody had invited him to
parties.
7. "You should draw the St John's players away from the
basket", Sid Lawrence instructed Tommy.
4. Who of the characters of the story said these words and in what connection?
"But you don't listen!"
"Shut your big mouth, Tommy."
If I wasn't too lazy, If I won $ 10,000,
If a film was made here in Tonganoxie next month
If a homework machine was invented,
If the President knew our phone number,
If I was allowed to go on vacation without my parents next summer,
If somebody from another world landed in Tonganoxie,
If people never dreamt about impossible things,
might buy myself a super omputer.
hе could call me sometimes and ask me for my opinion.
I might get up now and do my homework.
I'd fly to Europe and visit Ruth.
life would be much more boring.
our town would suddenly ibe in the news all over the world.
could meet lots of actresses.
[all students would cheer its inventor.
And if I (be allowed) to have my parents' car, (you/
come) with me then?
Oh, if you (take) me, I (go).
3. — (you/visit) your cousin in Germany if she (invite)
you?
— Well, I suppose if she (ask) me, I (save) my money
for the flight and visit her.
4. — If James (get) himself a job, he (be able) to buy a
car.
— That's right. But he (not have) enough time for all
his hobbies if he (have) a job. 7. You must be joking! Practice conditional sentences. I
Do you like dogs? (not run when I see one)
Is your father a good driver? (have fewer accidents)
Do your parents have their own plane? (also need their
own airport)
4. Is your sister afraid of ghosts? (not read so many ghost
stories)
5. Are you good at maths? (not need my mother's help so
often)
Do you watch a lot of TV? (soon have square eyes)
Can you look into the future? (drop out of school and
start a business)
8. Can elephants fly? (be birds)
Example: 1. You must be joking! If I liked dogs, I wouldn't
run when I see one. 2. You must be joking! If he was ... , he'd ...
8. Summary writing. Match the parts of the sentences correctly and you will get a summary of the story. The endings of the sentences are in the right order.
Steve and Rick, two other there was a fantastic
players, atmosphere in the gym.
He was not invited the Chieftains had a
chance to win the game.
During the game against but he was in a bad posi-
St John's tion.
After the game Mr Lawrence it to another player. But in the end the team and missed the basket.
But he did not pass the Chieftains' coach
screamed at Tommy.
Because of all this, Tommy were angry with Tommy,
too.
A few seconds before the end left the team.
Tommy was no longer that he was wrong.
Even Debbie did not to listen to her.
Debbie, his girlfriend, told lost two more games, him
Tommy Green got the ball, got better and was successful again.
Without Tommy, the was a better captain than
Chieftains Tommy.
He threw the ball himself so confident
But Tommy did not want to the students' parties
any longer.
Everybody could see that want to go out with him
Steve Hitchcock anv more.
9. Talking about the people in the story.
1. Why was it right/wrong of Tommy to leave the
team?
2. Why did the team win again although they had lost
their best player?
3. Was Debbie fair towards Tommy when he asked her
about the dance?
10. Interview writing.
Imagine you are a reporter with a Tonganoxie newspaper. Write two short interviews: one with Tommy after the game against St John's, and another with Steve against Benjamin Franklin High School.
THE WORLD | PARLIAMENT
OF BRITAIN
The medieval kings were expected to meet all royal expenses, private and public, out oi their revenue. If extra resources were needed for an emergency, such as war, the Sovereign would seek to persuade his barons in the Great Council — a gathering of leading men which met several times a year — to grant aid. During the 13th century several English kings found the private revenues and baronial aids insufficient to meet the expenses of government. They therefore summoned not only the great feudal magnates but also representatives of countries, cities and towns, primarily to get their assent to extraordinary taxation. In this way the Great Council came to include those who were summoned by name (those who, broadly speaking, were to form the House of Lords) and those who were representatives of communities — the Commons. The two parts, together with the Sovereign, became known as 'Parliament' (the term originally meant a meeting for parley or discussion).
The three elements which make up Parliament — the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the elected House of Commons are constituted on different principles. They meet together only on occasions of symbolic significance such as the State Opening of Parliament, when the Com-
mons are summoned by the Sovereign to the House of
Lords. p
The main 'unctions of Parliament are:
to pro\ ide (by voting for taxation) the means of
carrying on the work of government;
to scrutinize government policy and administra
tion, including proposals for expenditure; and
to debate the major issues of the day.
A Parliament has a maximum duration of five years, but in practice General Elections are usually held before the end of this term. The maximum life has been prolonged by 'egislation in rare circumstances such as the two world wars. Dissolution of Parliament and writs for a General Election are ordered by the Sovereign on the advice of the Prime Minister.
The life of a Parliament is divided into sessions. Each usually lasts for one year— normally beginning and ending in October or November. There are 'adjournments' at night, at weekends, at Christmas, Easter and the late Spring Bank Holiday, and during a long summer break usually staiting in late July. The average number of 'sitting' days in a session is about 168 in the House of Commons and about 146 in the House of Lords. At the start of each session the Sovereign's speech to Parliament outlines- the Government's policies and proposed legislative programme. Each session is ended by prorogation.
The House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal. The Lords Spiritual are the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, the Bishops of London, Durham and Winchester, and the 21 next most senior diocesan bishops of the Church of England. The Lords Temporal consist of all hereditary peers of England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (but not peers
of Ireland); life peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties and all other Hie peers.
Both hereditary and life peerages are created by the Sovereign on the advice of the Prime Minister. The House also provides a place in Parliament for people, including cross-benches, who offer useful advice but do not wish to be involved in party politics.
The Government is committed to a step-by-step reform of the House of Lords. It proposes to make the chamber more democratic and representative by:
removing the right of hereditary peers to sit and
vote in the chamber;
establishing a transitional House with reformed
arrangements for the nomination of life peers; and
initiating wide-ranging longer-term reform.
The Government introduced the House of Lords Bill. When enacted, the legislation would remove the right of some 750 people to sit and vote in Parliament solely on the basis that they inherited their seats. 92 existing hereditary peers would be allowed to sit temporarily in the transitional chamber until a full reform programme is in place.
Members of the House of Lords receive no salary for their parliamentary work, but can claim for expenses incurred in attending the House and certain travelling expenses.
The House is presided over by the Lord Chancellor, who takes his place on the woolsack, a seat in the form of a large cushion stuffed with wool from several Commonwealth countries; it is a tradition dating from the medieval period, when wool was the chief source of the country's wealth.
The House of Commons is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of 659 Members of Parliament (MPs).
General Elections are held after a Parliament has been dissolved and a new one summoned by the Sovereign.
Members are paid an annual salary. The chief officer of the House of Commons is the Speaker, elected by MPs to preside over the House.
The party system, which has existed in one form or another since the 18th century, is an essential element in the working of the constitution. The present system depends upon the existence of organized political parties, each of which presents its policies to the electorate for approval; in practice most candidates in elections, and almost all winning candidates, belong to one of the main parties. S system for voluntary registration for political parties in the UK was introduced in 1998.
For the last 150 years a predominantly two-party system has existed in Britain. Since 1945 either the Conservative Party, whose origins go back to the 18th century, or the Labour Party, which emerged in the last decade of the 19th century, has held power. A new party — the Liberal Democrats, was formed in 1988 when the Liberal Party, which traced its origins to the 18th century, merged with the Social Democratic Party, formed in 1981. Other parties include two national parties, Plaid Cymru (founded in Wales in 1925) and the Scottish National Party (founded in 1934). Northern Ireland has a number of parties.
Since 1945 eight General Elections have been won by the Conservative Party and seven by the Labour Party; the great majority of members of the House of Commons have belonged to one of these two parties.
Leaders of the Government and Opposition sit on the front benches of the Commons with their supporters (the 'backbenchers') sitting behind them. Similar arrangements for the parties apply to the House of Lords; however, a significant number of Lords do not wish to be associated with any political party, and sit on the 'cross-benches'.
The effectiveness of the party system in Parliament rests largely on the relationship between the Government and the opposition parties.
UNIT4
WE LEARN I LANGUAGE
Asking for
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Giving
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Refusing permission
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permission
Can I , please? '
do you think I <
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permission
Yes,) certainly... of course
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Sorry,) I'm afraid... I'm afraid you can't...
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could ...
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Yes,) certainly '. you can
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I'm afraid not I'm afraid I can't let you...
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Would it be possible...?
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3y all means Yes, that's fine /all
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I'm afraid that's not/it is not possible (for you)...
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Could I...?
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right
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I wonder if I could
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Do you mind if...?
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You're (very) welcome to ...
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I'm sorry, that's not/it's not allowed...
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Please, don't
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hesitate to...
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Any chance of.... Mind...?
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OK/Fine/All right (by me)
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I'm sorry, I'm not supposed to/not
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OK ...?
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Go (right) ahead
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allowed to let you...
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All right if ..? Let me would
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(Yes,) why not? (Yes,) of course
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You're not really supposed to/allowed to...
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you can...
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I don't really think you
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you? Can I have the
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Go (right) ahead
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should/ought to...
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OK/go-ahead...?
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and... No reason why not
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I'd like to, but... I can't possibly...
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No reason why
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Sorry...
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you shouldn't ...
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(Sorry,) no way
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(Sorry,) out of the question
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Develop the situations. In pairs make up dialogues
You have discovered you lost your umbrella. You want
to borrow one. Ask your friend for permission.
You are going to buy new shoes. You want to try some
on before you buy them.
The man next table is asking you to let him have your
salt and pepper.
Your friend invites you to visit his/her place with your
parents. You don't like the idea.
GRAMMAR I ORDER OF
IN USE I ADJECTIVES
When there are two or more adjectives they usually go in the following order:
general nice
size big
age new
shape oval
colour green and red
pattern polka dotted
material plastic
origin Spanish
noun ball
We usually use three or four adjectives as maximum. When it happens use the above order of adjectives.
A nice oval green and red Spanish ball.
Exersises
1. Jane works at the Lost and Found Office in London.
Every day a lot of people enquire for their things
there. Make up sentences. Put the adjectives in the
correct order.
Mrs Green: a big brown leather bag
Lucy Donn: a stripped Japanese small umbrella
Billy Brown: a green new plastic bag
John Gray: a metal Swiss round watch
Kate Right: a wooden large square box
Garry Brucks: a grey Siamese small cat
2. Write the adjectives in the correct order.
She lived in a clean house new small.
There are old metal green chairs in the garden.
She was given a silver watch round.
There was a bronze big statue old in the yard.
I've got a square light kitchen good in my new flat.
I bought a Japanese red car sport.
All the animals were in huge cages metal square.
She was given a new very beautiful box wooden Chi
nese.
They are wearing stripped French silk shirts and plain
grey shorts.
It was a thick English new book .
3. Sally works in a toy shop. She is arranging the toys on the shelves. Fill in the gaps
I should put bear next to the lion.
The monkey should be placed on the second
shelf.
Where is the doll? I can't find it
I don't see the toy car. Where is it?
The boxes are not on their places.
Why are the cows on the floor?
I don't like monsters. I'm not going to sell them.
REMEMBER (TOGO
THE PHRASAL ' VERBS
to go ahead — to begin or continue
Go ahead, we are all listening.
to go along — to continue.
I'm sure she was making her speech up as she went along.
♦ to go at — to attack •
Our dog went at the postman.
♦ to go far — to become successful; succeed
Don't you think he will go very far.
♦ to go over — to look at, examine (something) to
see that is good; search (something) for faults, or (some
one) for something wrong.
We went over the house thoroughly before buying it.
♦ to go through — to suffer or experience
The country has gone through too many wars.
♦ to go under — to fail
Many restaurants go under in the first year.
♦ to go up — to climb, rise
Prices have gone up again.
Exersises 1. Fill in the blanks.
1. He has such a lot since his wife died.
She is very clever and will in her job.
The two girls each other like animals.
Smoke was in a straight line, showing that there
was no wind.
5. The council gave us a permission to with our
building plans.
6 — all the prisoners to see that they are not hiding
any weapons.
7. Many small firms to strong competition from big
business.
8. I like to add up my bank account as I go along.
2. Match the parts of the sentences.
The doctor went over the girl carefully...
Go up to the top of the stairs and turn right, ...
How does she keep smiling ...
That young man will go far...
At first Jim's father thought his firm will go under, ...
In spite of the chairman's illness,...
The newspapers are going at the government, ...
You may have some difficulty first but you'll find it easier...
...as you go along. ... see if I'm not right!
...the meeting will go ahead
as planned.
... aren't they? ... that's my room.
...but couldn't find any broken bones.
...but after a short struggle he made a success of the business.
... after all she has gone through.
JOBS
1. Learn the following job-titles which are found in a
wide range of different work places.
Boss, director, manager, executive, administrator, secretary, clerk, skilled worker, unskilled worker, labourer, receptionist, public relations officer, safety officer, union official, economist, personnel officer, sales assistant, adviser, education officer, research-worker supervisor.
2. Learn the following expressions connected with work.
To work shift-work, to be on flexi-time, to work nine-to-five, to go/be on strike, to get the sack, to be fired, to be dismissed, to be made redundant, to be laid off, to give up work, to be on/take maternity leave, to be on/ take sick leave, to take early retirement, to be a workaholic, to be promoted, to apply for a job.
3. Learn the following professions (jobs that require
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