Five Juicy questions where the heck does property go upon death of decedent?


FIRST QUESTION = What does the surviving spouse (SS) get?



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FIRST QUESTION = What does the surviving spouse (SS) get?

  1. Marriage Recognition – need to be married (or equivalent) to get surviving spouse intestate share

    1. UTrecognizes common law marriage (need to satisfy several tests)

      1. NOTE: make HOTCHPOT adjustments for NPT given to SS (RT, BFY designation, JT, etc.)
    2. CADOES NOT recognize CL marriage BUT DOES recognize registered domestic partners





Utah (§ 2-102)

California (§ 6401)

Situation – D dies with

SS Share

Prop.Type

Situation – D leaves

SS Share

NO living descendants OR all living descendants are also SS’s descendants

Entire intestate estate (all property that passes through rules of intestacy)

CP




ALL the CP (keeps her ½ and receives D’s ½)

Living descendants are NOT also SS’s descendants

$75K off the top + ½ of any balance that passes through rules of intestacy

SP

NO issue, parents, OR issue of parents (e.g., siblings, issue of deceased siblings)

ALL D’s SP

NOTE: SS Share = function of whether D had issue who are not SS’s issue


NOTE: property subject to rules of intestate distribution = property titled/held in D’s name

FLAW in stat: SS might get probate transfer



Issue through more than one line (NOTE: doesn’t matter if living issue is also issue of SS  different than UT)

  • D leaves more than 1 child; OR

  • D leaves 1 child AND issue of 1 or more deceased children; OR

  • D leaves issue of 2 or more deceased children

1/3 D’s SP

HOTCHPOT

(§ 2-102(2), § 2-109)

for non-probate transfers (retirement/life insurance)


  1. Calculate probate estate

  2. Add NPT (non-probate transfers) received to create hypo Hotchpot est

  3. Calculate SS’s intestate share of Hotchpot estate

  4. Deduct NPT (this is SS’s share of intestate estate)

Hotchpot Example:

  • Probate Estate = $325K

  • Retirement Plan =$50K

  • Hotchpot Estate=$375K

  • SS Share Hotchpot ($75K+ ½ bal) = $225K

  • SS Share –NPT=$175K

NOTE: SS keeps NPT but it is deducted from total amount of intestate share  SS still ends up with $225K

NOTE: Only add in NPTs given to SS (or heir you’re calculating for)



All other situations (NOTE: does not matter if living issue is also issue of SS  different than UT)

  • D leaves only 1 child OR issue of 1 deceased child; OR

  • D leaves NO issue but leaves parent(s) or issue of parent(s)

½ D’s SP




    1. Second Question = How much do other intestate heirs get?

      1. Familial Relationships

        1. Half-Blood Relativestreated like whole-blood relatives under intestacy rules – CAN INHERIT

          1. UT – § 2-107
          2. CA – § 6406
        2. Step/Foster Relationshipsgenerally DO NOT count for intestate succession – CANNOT INHERIT

          1. UT – § 1-201(5)
          2. CA – § 6454
            1. General Rule = does not count
            2. CA Exception = step/foster child can take in intestacy if

              1. Relationship began before child turned 18

              2. Relationship continued throughout joint lifetimes, AND

              3. Legal impediment – need clear and convincing evidence that there would have been an adoption but a legal impediment (e.g., natural parent would not give consent) prevented it
        3. Adoptiontreated like whole-blood relatives under intestacy rules – CAN INHERIT

          1. Infant adoption – inheritance occurs by and through adoptive parents ONLY
            1. Biological relationship is severed  adoptive relationship is what counts
          2. Adoption at older age – inheritance can occur through both adoptive AND biological parents
            1. Biological relationship not severed AND adoptive relationship still counts
        4. Posthumous Childrentreated as child – CAN INHERIT

          1. UT – § 2-104 – child (conceived before death) can inherit but MUST live for 120 hours total (5 days)
          2. CA – § 6407 – child (conceived before death) can inherit (no 120 hour limitation)





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