Floods – From Risk to Opportunity



Download 369.75 Kb.
Page5/5
Date09.07.2017
Size369.75 Kb.
#23094
1   2   3   4   5

Effect of density of gauges on accuracy of merged GSMAP: case study of typhoon Morakot
G. Ozawa1, H. Inomata2 & K. Fukami3

1 CTI Engineering Co., Ltd. CTI Fukuoka building, 2-4-12 Daimyo, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka-city 814-0041, Japan

g-ozawa@ctie.co.jp

2 National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, 1 Asahi, Tsukuba city, Ibaraki prefecture 305-0804, Japan

3 International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management under the auspices of UNESCO (UNESCO-ICHARM), Public Works Research Institute (PWRI), 1–6 Minamihara, Tsukuba city, Ibaraki prefecture 305-8516, Japan
Abstract Previous research has found that satellite-based rainfall data such as GSMaP_NRT in general tend to underestimate raingauge data, especially for heavy rainfall, which poses a problem in their use for applications. Thus, a correction method for satellite-based rainfall data to improve the accuracy is necessary for applications. In some ungauged basins, a few real time raingauges have been recently installed. In these basins a merging method for satellite-based rainfall and raingauge data can be applied, e.g. Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation (IDW), co-kriging. These merging methods are expected to improve the accuracy of satellite-based rainfall with raingauges. This paper revealed the relation between the density of raingauges and the accuracy of merged GSMaP by IDW. The result implies that a certain level of the density (one station/5000 km2) of raingauges is necessary for applications using merged GSMaP.

Key words GSMaP; merging, IDW; ungauged basin; Morakot


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Floods: From Risk to Opportunity (IAHS Publ. 357, 2013), 357-367


Flood warnings for infrastructure: tailored flood warning services
Frazer rhodes

Environment Agency, Flood Digital Programme Manager, Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road,
Bristol BS1 5AH, UK

frazer.rhodes@environment-agency.gov.uk
Abstract The floods during the summer of 2007 in England and Wales were the most expensive in terms of flood damage anywhere in the world during that year. The Costs of the Summer 2007 Floods in England Report (Environment Agency, 2010) stated that approximately 50 000 properties were flooded, water supplies to 350 000 homes were disrupted and insurance industry costs totalled £3.2 billion, including £660 million in damage to critical national infrastructure and essential services. During 2009/10, the Environment Agency piloted an internet-based service, providing flood warnings for infrastructure assets operated by Western Power Distribution, an electricity distribution company covering south Wales and southwest England. The Environment Agency subsequently enabled all organisations designated Category 1 or 2 Emergency Responders (The Civil Contingencies Act 2004) to access a targeted flood warning service in October 2011. The development of this pilot demonstrated that a web-based application is one method of delivering a tailored warning service and that “live flood warning data” held by the Environment Agency could be used to develop a range of specialised products and services. Value Added Resellers (VARs) are actively now using Environment Agency data to create specialised warning services for utilities and transport operators, specialist insurance products and smart phone applications. These developments ensure that more people are receiving flood warnings in the way they want to access this information. The adoption of these services will improve flood response, reducing the impact of flooding on communities due to disruption to essential services.

Key words flood warning; infrastructure; value added resellers; live data feeds


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Floods: From Risk to Opportunity (IAHS Publ. 357, 2013), 368-376


Roles of natural levees in the Ara River alluvial fan on flood management
SHIGERU Saito1 & S. Fukuoka2

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Graduated Student of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Japan

shigeru-s@civil.chuo-u.ac.jp

2 Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Japan
Abstract The Ara River alluvial fan has a lot of natural levees. It is considered that the natural levees effect flood inundation flow, but there are few studies about the roles of natural levees from the point of view of flood control and management. In this study, by plotting positions of the remains of communities (from BC20 000 to AD1192) on the topographical classification map, it is clarified that many remains of communities in the Ara River alluvial fan were developed on the natural levees. Roads and railways in the Ara River alluvial fan were constructed in order to connect the natural levees in the Meiji-period. From the Ara River hazard map, flood depths on the natural levees are shallow compared with surrounding areas. The embankments of roads and railways on the natural levees are useful measures for preventing spread of inundation flow.

Key words alluvial fan; natural levee; development of communities’ flood management


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Floods: From Risk to Opportunity (IAHS Publ. 357, 2013), 377-382


Transboundary cooperation in flood forecasting and warning services within the international Morava River basin
Eva Soukalová

Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Kroftova 43, 616 67 Brno, Czech Republic

eva.soukalova@chmi.cz
Abstract The Morava River basin lies on the territories of three countries: the Czech Republic (CZ), Austria (AT) and Slovak Republic (SK). The River Morava is a left-hand tributary of the Danube River, entering it at the border cross-section between Austria and the Slovak Republic. The forecasting system HYDROG has been set up for the whole Morava River basin, containing 25 forecasting profiles. There is a close cooperation with Austria in place. Within the framework of the European Territorial Co-operation 2007–2013 (AT, CZ), the project “Flood forecasting in the confluence area of the Rivers Morava and Dyje” was adopted. As a result of this project, the extended upgrade of the forecasting model HYDROG for the Morava River basin was prepared and since February 2010 in the test operation the forecasts for the profile Hohenau (AT), Moravský Sv. Ján (SK) on the River Morava have been disseminated daily.

Key words discharge prediction; confluence area; feasibility study; forecasting model


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Floods: From Risk to Opportunity (IAHS Publ. 357, 2013), 385-391


A methodology for rapid inundation mapping for a megacity with sparse data: case of Mumbai, India
K. Gupta & V. Nikam

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India

kgupta@civil.iitb.ac.in
Abstract Mumbai, India has chronic problems related to urban flooding and it experiences waterlogging every year. To combat this, a Disaster Risk Management Master Plan integrating various disasters like floods, earthquakes and cyclones is presently being developed for the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. As part of this plan, a flood risk assessment (FRA) of the city has been carried out using best available data for two scenarios – continuous rainfall at 50 mm/h for one hour and 100 mm/h for one hour corresponding to a return period of 2 in 1 year and 1 in 1 year, respectively. The areas expected to be submerged by these rainfall intensities have been delineated. Subsequently the number of people likely to be affected by flooding in the ward has been estimated. This estimate will help in formulating mitigation measures like shelters, evacuation paths and planning for transport route diversions.

Key words megacity; urban flooding; flood inundation; flood risk; shuttle radar topography mission


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Floods: From Risk to Opportunity (IAHS Publ. 357, 2013), 392-404


The next generation tsunami hazard map
MAKOTO HADA1, HIROKAZU NaKAMURA1 & ISAMU OKAKI2

1 UC-1 Development Group 1, FORUM8 Co., Ltd., 2-1-1, Nakameguro GT Tower 15F Kamimeguro Meguro-ku,
Tokyo 153-0051, Japan

hada@forum8.co.jp

2 VR Support Group, FORUM8 Co., Ltd.
Abstract The situation surrounding the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011 shed light on many problems that should be improved to protect against future tsunamis. Based on the lessons that we learned from this major tsunami, we proposed a new kind of hazard map called the next generation tsunami hazard map. This new map visualizes the results of tsunami analysis based on various factors and the results of an evacuation analysis within 3D virtual reality space. By applying this model to the port that suffered from the tsunami, we visualized the whole scene in 3D. This included the visualization of the land being inundated by the tsunami and the analysis of what actually happened during this time, including the behaviour of the people evacuating the disaster. Through the use of this new hazard map it is possible to review various types of tsunami risks and develop self-help strategies.

Key words tsunami analysis; shallow water equation; evacuation analysis; multi-agent; hazard map; virtual reality; 3D; risk awareness; risk communication; 3D simulation


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Floods: From Risk to Opportunity (IAHS Publ. 357, 2013), 405-415

Assessment of rainstorm climate risk and rainstorm-induced agricultural disaster risk in east-central China
zHIGUO HUO1, Quanpei wen1,2, zHenfeng ma3, Jingjing xiao4 &
Lei zhang1

1 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, 46 Zhong-Guan-Cun South Avenue, 100081 Beijing, China

huozhigg@cams.cma.gov.cn

2 Chengdu University of Information Technology, 610225 Chengdu, China

3 Climate Center of Sichuan Province, 610072 Chengdu, China

4 Zhejiang Climate Center, 310017, Hangzhou, China
Abstract By using the 1961–2008 observation data of rainstorms from 292 meteorological stations in east-central China and the historical data on agricultural disasters, a rainstorm climatic risk index and an agricultural relative disaster index, as well as their risk assessment models, were constructed by principal component analysis, soft histogram estimation, grey correlation analysis, and normal information diffusion. Then the risk of rainstorm climate and its induced agriculture disasters in east-central China were assessed. In east-central China the rainstorm climatic risk had a decreasing trend from south to north, with high risk in Hainan and coastal areas of Guangdong and Guangxi, medium risk in north-central Guangdong and Guangxi, Anhui and Hubei within Jianghuai Region, and Jiangxi, and Hunan within Xianggan Region, and low risk area in northeast China, except its coastal areas of Liaoning and in Shanxi and Hebei of North China. High-value areas of agricultural relative disaster risk are located in Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, and Guangdong, and low-value areas are located in Hebei, Henan, and Liaoning. The correlation coefficient between the rainstorm climatic index and the agricultural relative disaster index is more than 0.6 in each province/autonomous region except Guangdong. It was shown that the rainstorm climatic risk index and the agricultural relative disaster index can be used to assess the actual rainstorm strength and the possible rainstorm-induced agriculture disaster loss, respectively.

Key words inducing factor of rainstorm disaster; rainstorm climate index; agricultural relative disaster index;
risk assessment


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Floods: From Risk to Opportunity (IAHS Publ. 357, 2013), 416-422

Review on Japanese assistance of community-based management for flood disaster
MIKIO ISHIWATARI1, JUNKO MIMAKI1 & TOMOKO SHAW2

1 Japan International Cooperation Agency, 5-25 Nibancyo, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-8012, Japan

ishiwatari.mikio@jica.go.jp

2 OYO International Cooperation, 2-6 KudanKita 4-chome, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-0073, Japan
Abstract It is widely recognized that a community plays a crucial role in managing disaster risks. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) is shifting its approach from engineering-oriented approaches to comprehensive ones which include community-based disaster management (CBDM). However, the development assistant methods of CBDM have not been established. This study aims to propose the methods through reviewing JICA projects from a capacity development perspective. The community is described as the “main actor”, while other organizations, such as governmental agencies and non-governmental organizations, are described as “supporting actors” to the communities. Various lessons were learned from the JICA projects: organizations’ capacities should be assessed at a project designing stage; and focusing on the communities is required for activities. The study further recommends methods of project design to secure project sustainability, to take interactive risk communication between governments and communities, and to utilize Japanese technology and experience.

Key words community-based disaster management; official development assistance; capacity development; JICA;
risk communication; sustainability


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Floods: From Risk to Opportunity (IAHS Publ. 357, 2013), 423-434


Knowledge transfer in international cooperation projects: experiences from a Dutch–Romanian project
J. Vinke-de kruijf1,2, S. J. M. H. hulscher1 & J. T. A. Bressers2

1 Department of Water Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente,
PO Box 217, 7500 AE, the Netherlands

joanne.vinke@utwente.nl

2 CSTM – Twente Centre for Studies in Technology and Sustainable Development,
Faculty of Management and Governance, University of Twente, the Netherlands
Abstract The transfer of knowledge to reduce flood risk problems can be beneficial, but is often difficult. This paper shows how knowledge and interaction contribute to the transfer of knowledge in international cooperation projects. It presents a conceptual model of knowledge transfer and applies this to a case study project in which knowledge about the flood information and warning system FLIWAS was transferred from the Netherlands to Romania. The knowledge transfer was only partly effective: Romanian experts intend to further implement FLIWAS, but have not yet started using the project results. The case study confirms that transfer processes involve experts with diverging backgrounds who tend to experience difficulties in understanding each other. Intense forms of interaction enhance the transfer of knowledge, but do not necessarily help to overcome these differences. Previous collaboration experiences and interpersonal aspects are also likely to have a positive impact on the transfer of knowledge.

Key words knowledge transfer; international cooperation; case study; flood risk management; Romania


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Floods: From Risk to Opportunity (IAHS Publ. 357, 2013), 435-444


Integrated flood evacuation simulator considering time–space distributions of flood risk
kazumi matsuo1, lumen natainia2 & fumihiko yamada2

1 Incorporated Administrative Agency Japan Water Agency, 42-21 Higashi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0032, Japan

kazumi_matsuo@water.go.jp

2 Graduate School of Science & Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
Abstract An integrated flood evacuation simulator that takes into account the time–space distributions of both the flood risk and safe evacuation routes at community levels was developed. Two-dimensional models for flood inundation flow were employed using an unstructured grid model to consider the detailed land use at the community level. Using the calculations of the inundation water depth and flow velocity, the time–space distributions of flood risk during flood evacuation on foot were examined, taking into account phase lags between the inundation water depth and flow velocity. Flood evacuation simulations using a multi-agent model were also performed to examine the evacuation timing and proper location planning of evacuation refuges. The proposed evacuation simulator can be considered a useful tool for disaster prevention planning at community levels. The simulator can also be used for disaster education and evacuation planning and training at both individual and community levels.

Key words multi-agent system model; community-based flood risk management; flood evacuation; flood hazard map
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Floods: From Risk to Opportunity (IAHS Publ. 357, 2013), 445-453


Flood early warning system: sensors and internet
B. E. Pengel1, V. V. Krzhizhanovskaya2,3, N. B. Melnikova2,3,
G. S. Shirshov2, A. R. Koelewijn4, A. L. Pyayt2,5, I. I. Mokhov5

1 STOWA Foundation for Applied Water Research, Stationsweg 89, Amersfoort, the Netherlands

stowa@stowa.nl

2 University of Amsterdam, UvA Computational Science, Science Park 107, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, the Netherlands

3 National Research University ITMO, St. Petersburg, Russia

4 Deltares, Rotterdamseweg 185, Delft, the Netherlands

5 Siemens, Volynskiy Lane 3a, 191186 St. Petersburg, Russia
Abstract The UrbanFlood early warning system (EWS) is designed to monitor data from very large sensor networks in flood defences such as embankments, dikes, levees, and dams. The EWS, based on the internet, uses real-time sensor information and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to immediately calculate the probability of dike failure, the ensuing scenarios of dike breaching, predicted flood spreading and escape routes for people from the affected areas. Results are presented on interactive decision support systems that assist flood defence managers and public authorities during flood events. It can also be applied for policy development and for everyday dike condition assessment. The separate Virtual Dike module can be used for advanced research into failure mechanisms and dike stability. By consulting international stakeholders the designers ensured that the EWS is well aligned with user requirements.

Key words flood; early warning system; ICT; climate change; sensor networks


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Floods: From Risk to Opportunity (IAHS Publ. 357, 2013), 454-462


People-centred approach in integrated flood risk management in Lower Mekong Basin
ASLAM PERWAIZ

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, SM Tower, Paya Thai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand

aslam@adpc.net
Abstract The countries in the Lower Mekong River Basin (Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam) are home to approximately 60 million people. Floods along the Mekong every year have the potential to directly endanger life; cause millions of dollars worth of damage to property; and put people at increased risk of poverty, malnutrition and disease. At the same time, they are an important and essential natural process, bringing water, nutrients and other benefits to flood plains, wetlands and ecosystems. The people-centred approach taken under the Flood Management and Mitigation Programme (FMMP) of Mekong River Commission (MRC) shows how the increased capacity of the key officials of the Provincial, District and Commune Committee for Disaster Management (DM) in the lower Mekong Basin has helped the country overcome the losses due to annual Mekong flooding.

Key words flood preparedness; Lower Mekong Basin; ADPC; MRCS; emergency management
Download 369.75 Kb.

Share with your friends:
1   2   3   4   5



The database is protected by copyright ©ininet.org 2024
send message
    Main page
primary focus
desired level