PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS

PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS

Years 5 through 8 of Education

Physical Education furthermore aims   in close relationship with the objectives identified for primary schools and with consideration given to the physiological and associated spiritual changes characterising this stage of students’ lives   to contribute to the healthy physical development of students, the eliminate any shortcomings displayed in basic (generic) skills, to take the opportunity offered by the final years of developing basic co-ordination skills, to improve the physical condition capacity of students with a view to the physiological and pre-training opportunities. By building on foundations from primary school, the motion skills of students in sports need to be enhanced, their motor acting certainty, their demand for movement and sports are to be improved. By taking advantage of the opportunities offered by curricular and extracurricular activities, students are to master the techniques of at least two different sports at a level ensuring experience and success. Students are to be familiar with the laws and rules prevailing in motor task solutions, they are to acquire task-solving schemes, transferable action principles.

Students are to take part in their own physical development consciously. Changes of pre-puberty and puberty should take place with any detrimental effects in line with their specific features. Students are to do exercises regularly in order to ensure the proper development of their circulatory, respiratory and motor system.

They are to prevent the development of posture disorders, avoid positions and movements damaging their spinal column.

Their health is to be strengthened. They are to become resistant to load and illnesses.

They are to be familiar with and apply the role of motion and sports played in a health way of life.
Exercises related to the improvement of physical culture

At the level of performing knowledge, they are to master the techniques learnt in athletics. They are to acquire simple gymnastic-type elements and element links. They are to be able to carry out an exercise consisting of elements learnt.

They are to play two sports games. They are to know their rules and are to apply the proper offensive and defensive alternatives.

They are to master the basic techniques of two swimming styles at a level open to improvement.

They are to learn self-defence techniques. They are to learn about and consciously apply acting principles, laws and task-solving schemes valid in activities of similar structure and function. Their strength, speed and endurance are to be improved.

They are to improve their motor skills in a manner demonstrated in their performances in athletics, gymnastics, sport games, swimming and contact sports. They are to learn and apply simple ability-improving procedures.

Their muscular sensory and rhythm skills, reaction and spatial orientation abilities are to be improved, they are to be able to control their bodies in unstable equilibrium situations.
The requirements of maintaining their demand for motion

They are to demand Physical Education and Sports sessions. Students are to be characterised by motor acting certainty, regular physical activity in their ways of life.

Year 5
Number of teaching hours per year: 93
New activities
Finding position appointed in marching without any delay, accurate performance of co-ordinated movements in line with the instructions.

Knowledge and performance to teacher’s instructions of gymnastic exercises designed for warm-up and to prevent posture disorders.

Dashes under competition circumstances.

Free sustained running for 8 to 10 minutes at levels corresponding to individual capabilities.

Knowing the key phases of jumps   taking off, in the air, landing, emphasis on taking off.

Learning the most typical phase of throwing, the formation of the arc of the throw.

Secure performance of floor exercises and their linking; control over own weight in supporting and hanging exercises.

Smooth linking of running and support grip in supported jumps.

Increasing the security of ball passing and possession, taking on position to receive a ball in an empty space.

Active participation in a sports game of choice.

Fair contact fight. Improving confidence in water, thorough knowledge of at least one swimming style (if basic training was offered in swimming in Years 1 through 4).

Performing outdoor activities (games).

Keeping of exercise order, volunteering for simple organisation tasks.

Carrying out gymnastic exercises and versatile preparatory exercises alone and in groups, knowing the relevant technical terms.

Quick starts and sprints on signal.

Endurance running for 10 to 12 minutes at individual pace, matching the running pace to the distance.

Jumping with co-ordination of arm and legwork.

Throwing small balls from arm position behind the back in order to accelerate the ball along the shortest path possible.

Performance of floor exercises and ring, parallel bar exercises and their linking.

Support jumps with strong taking off, increasing first arc, landing without loss of balance.

Handling the ball in motion.

Taking on position to receive a ball in an empty space in offence, passing to unmarked team-mate, disturbing the opponent in possession of the ball in defence.

Taking on position and posture for receiving the ball in volleyball; knowing passing with the lower arm and underhand serving with straight arm.

Acquisition of a few self-defence techniques.

Building on what has been acquired in previous years: swimming a set distance in one or two swimming styles in line with the circumstances.

Performing outdoor activities (games).

TOPICS	CONTENTS
Marching	Disciplined and quick execution of taking on and changing formations listed in Year 5. Precise execution of distance and space orientation. Starting, marching and stopping “in proper order of feet”.
Preparation and prevention	Free exercises or team and hand apparatus and apparatus exercises of free exercise form (bench, stall-bars, stools) independently or together. Exercises correcting posture, ensuring the automation of the muscular balance of the spinal column and the equilibrium of the pelvis. Simple relaxation processes. Playful preparatory task solving.
Athletic-type exercises	Special preparatory and focused in order to acquire the work to be covered as efficiently as possible. (Running, jumping and throwing schools). Running Start from standing position. Start from squatting and kneeling position. Gradually accelerating run. Sustained running for increasing periods of time. Running with tasks (evasion, jumping over, simple tasks on signal). Hopping and jumping Long jump from take-off line. High jump with scissors technique. Hopping on one leg, switching legs, on two legs. Throwing Throwing, tossing, hurling (with stuffed balls of 1 to 2 kg) with one and two hands, from standing position and from running. Shooting a target and for distance. Playful competitions involving running, hopping and throwing. Special preparatory and focus exercises.
Gymnastics type exercises	Support positions and exercises Back-boarding sideways on high bench, beam, supplementary gymnastic set, two high benches forwards and backwards. Somersaults forwards, backwards and in series on the floor. Handspring sideways. Handstand attempts with assistance and alone at stall-bars. Support jumps Squatting up, jumping down in straddle. Squatting up, somersault forward. Hanging positions and exercises Swinging on rings, two ropes, stall-bars depending on the apparatus forwards, backwards, sideways, progression sideways. Swinging up into crinkle hanging, lifting up into crinkle hanging. Crawling, climbing, balancing exercises Walking forwards, backwards, sideways, moving on knees and on all fours, while laying down facing downwards and upwards on beams, horizontal and tilted benches, lines drawn on the ground. Rhythmic Sports Gymnastics (for girls only) As in Year 5.
Physical education and sports games: handball, basketball, football, volleyball	Special preparatory and ball skills developing exercises and physical education games. Learning and applying in game situations basic technical and tactical elements (dribbling, passing, receiving, handling, touching the ball, scoring a goal or a point). One-on-one defence and offence. Game with simplified rules.
Extracurricular sports activities	Outdoor sports. Feasible winter sports and games (skating, skiing, toboggan, snowballing). Cross-country running (if conditions are provided for). Cycling. Use of means of motion (roller skating, skateboard, etc.).
Self-defence and fighting	Basic rolling and falling judo exercises (rolling fall forwards and backwards, sliding fall sideways, quick fall forwards and backwards). Breaking free from arms held by using Aikido techniques. Pulling and pushing in pairs and in teams.
Swimming	Playing and gymnastics in the water. Perfection of the technique of the selected swimming style. Improvement of performance.

Prerequisites of moving ahead
Carrying out marching exercises in a form demanded by the organisation of the lesson. Competence in performing exercises suitable for warming up and developing abilities. Secure execution of gymnastic exercises learnt and co-ordinated execution of athletic exercises. Using techniques learnt in ball games. Command of a few self-defence techniques. Swimming a set distance.
Year 7
Number of teaching hours per year: 74
New activities
Accurate and straightforward execution of marching.

Gaining useful knowledge in organising, holding games and competitions.

Performing exercises designed for warming up, versatile preparation and to prevent posture disorders, knowing solutions (forms) improving the effect of the foregoing.

Athletic exercises in line with individual characteristics and nature of the given task: relaxed, easy, sprint runs, sustained running for 10 to 12 minutes with increasing intensity; optimal running for jumps, knowing the importance of arm and leg swing; refining hurling and putting movements.

Presentation of a floor exercise consisting of at least 3 to 4 elements, knowing the role of and applying linking elements.

Carrying out 2 to 3 exercise elements on stall-bars, rings and parallel bars.

Dynamic support jumps.

Adapting to team-mates and the ball in ball games, marking defence.

Carrying out technical elements learnt against passive then active defenders.

Passing the ball in volleyball with the lower arm and the hand to a team-mate or to the opponent’s court.

Fair contact fight.

Building on what has been acquired in previous years: establishing a competitive swimming technique in one or two swimming styles.

Performing outdoor activities (games).

TOPICS	CONTENTS
Marching	Changing formations required for altering the forms of work (lining up, catching up, falling behind, alteration of the forms of work on command). Simple counter-marching (catching up and falling behind in counter-marching) during walking and running.
Preparation and prevention	2-4-8-pace free exercises or team, hand apparatus and simple apparatus exercises of free exercise form including two basic forms simultaneously (turning while bending over, tilting, bending over while turning, etc.). Exercises correcting posture, ensuring the automation of the muscular balance of the spinal column and the equilibrium of the pelvis, and exercises preventing and compensating other orthopaedic deformations. Playful preparatory task solving.
Athletic-type exercises	Special preparatory and focused with a view to running, jumping and throwing. Running Accurate and practical execution of starts learnt before. Gradually accelerating run. Sprint. Running with tasks, running over obstacles. Sustained running with pace variations. Hopping and jumping Hopping school. Long jump from stationary position, long and high jump from running (with scissors technique). Throwing Shooting a target and for distance with a small ball. Tossing a stuffed ball with one and two hands, from standing position. Games, competitions involving running, hopping and throwing.
Gymnastics type exercises	Special preparatory and focused exercises with a view to the particular topic. Support positions and exercises Floor gymnastics. Somersaults forwards and backwards (in series, too), and flying somersault. Headstand. Handstand attempts. Handspring sideways. Back-boarding sideways on high bench and beam. Continuous floor exercise consisting of 3 to 4 elements. Physical education games related to somersaults and rolling (“skinning”, “triple spinning”, “the devil’s cart”, etc.). Support jumps Straddle jump in cross-straddle on a partner leaning forward (leapfrogging). Squatting jump on a 4-piece crosswise vaulting-box with help. Hanging positions and exercises Swinging on rings, two ropes forwards, backwards; floating hanging, hanging upside down, hanging with hands behind the back; introflex landing backwards from swing. Beam Moving forwards, backwards, sideways. Turning. Rhythmic Sports Gymnastics, aerobics (for girls only) Elements learnt in sports gymnastics. Introflex landing.
Physical education and sports games: handball, basketball, football, volleyball	Special preparatory and ball skills developing exercises and physical education games. Perfection of key elements of two sports games chosen according to local conditions, student interest and teacher specialisation. Basic elements of defence and offence in the given sports game. Physical education games designed to meet the demand of students for games and to develop sports games and motor abilities.
Extracurricular sports activities	Preparing for ski, hiking, waterway and cycling camps. Depending on the circumstances: skating, skiing, toboggan, cycling, roller-skating, skateboarding, rowing, kayak and canoe. Folk games combined with running, throwing and punching (ball of nations, tug of war).
Self-defence and fighting	Simple elements of wrestling (ground wrestling). Judo: rolling, falling and diving. Cross-buttock. Aikido: breaking free from holding, grip. Pulling and pushing (pull/push him over the line out of the circle, tug of war).
Swimming	Practising the selected swimming style, performing ever-increasing workloads.

Prerequisites of moving ahead
Aiming to execute marching exercises in line with partners in a straightforward manner. Execution of a few simple gymnastic exercises. Approximately proper execution of athletic exercises. Secure linking of gymnastic exercises. Aiming to work together with team-mates in ball games. Knowing how to put up a fair fight. Striving to achieve in swimming styles learnt.
Year 8
Number of teaching hours per year: 74
New activities
Accurate and quick execution of marching learnt in previous years, disciplined following of instructions.

Organising and holding competitions and fixtures.

Performing exercises designed for versatile preparation and prevention (partly) independently, improving their efficiency through increasing the number of repetitions and the intensity, optimal development of basic physical abilities on an individual basis.

Adequate technical execution of athletic movements, sprints without struggling, sustained running for 10 to 12 minutes with gradually increasing distances.

Energetic take-off, distance increasing work in the air during jumps.

Harmonic co-ordination of gaining momentum and throwing for hurling and putting.

In gymnastics, presentation of exercises consisting of floor, support and hanging elements learnt, support jumps executed dynamically with secure landing.

Execution of sports gymnastic exercises to rhythm in case of girls.

Active and positive playing of the game(s) chosen on the basis of common defensive and offensive techniques in ball games.

Fair fight according to the rules of the sport offered (self-defence or fight).

Building on what has been acquired in previous years: establishing a competitive swimming technique in two swimming styles.

Performing outdoor activities (games).