Francie R. Chassen-López
Gender and Power in Nineteenth Century Mexico: Juana Catarina Romero, Cacica of Tehuantepec (monograph approx. 250 pages)
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Works in Progress Gender and Power in Nineteenth Century Mexico: Juana Catarina Romero, Cacica of Tehuantepec (monograph approx. 250 pages).In recent years, advances in gender and women’s history have begun to reveal women’s agency in the major processes of Mexican history. Nevertheless, the question of how women attain, maintain, and exercise power has yet to be explored. Although women were barred from voting and holding public office during her lifetime, in the 1890s, Juana Catarina Romero (1837-1915) emerged as the major textile importer, sugar refiner, and “modernizing” political boss (cacica) of the city of Tehuantepec in southern Mexico. This monograph traces Romero’s breathtaking transformation from humble cigarette vendor to culturally assimilated entrepreneur and behind-the-scenes politician that paralleled and intertwined with three crucial periods, the Liberal Reform, the Porfiriato, and the Revolution, during which Mexico experienced the construction of the nation-state and a capitalist economy. The analysis of Romero´s life will illuminate women’s participation in these processes and how they negotiated gender, ethnic, and class barriers. I argue that her success can be attributed to her political acumen and tenacious accumulation of economic and social influence and not to a supposed early love affair with Mexican dictator Porfirio Díaz, as previous historians have suggested. However, once in power and aligned with Díaz´s goals of “order and progress” and the ideals of social Catholicism, Romero sought to regulate and discipline Tehuantepec hoping to create a more orderly, productive, and beautiful urban space. Her philanthropoy, the educational, cultural, health, and urban reforms she sponsored, intended to modernize not only the physical space of the city but also the minds and bodies of its people. Nonetheless, cognizant of the devotion of Tehuanos to the Catholic Church and to their indigenous Zapotec customs and traditions, and anticipating their resistance to secular and racist modernizing projects espoused by Liberals, Romero proved adept in formulating and negotiating her own, modified version of modernity (4 chapters done, two to go). Gender, War, and Body Politics in Mexico, 1810 -1920 My future project, on which I have already begun to publish, explores the relationship between gender and war in Mexico from the beginning of the struggle for Independence until the close of the Revolution in 1920. There are three distinct, yet intertwined, areas of analysis that need to be addressed in order to gain an understanding of this relationship: 1) the concrete impact of war on women and families, gender roles, gender relations, and ideologies; 2) the role of gendered metaphors and symbols as weapons in the war of words; and 3) the physical and ideological battles over women’s bodies. Beginning with my work on the state of Oaxaca, this study will also integrate the experience of women in war from various other states of Mexico, in particular Veracruz, Jalisco, and Michoacán. Editorial BoardAcervos Historical Journal, Oaxaca, México, 2004-2015 Guest edited “Gender in Southern México” Acervos No. 27, 2004 Cuadernos del SurSocial Science Journal, Oaxaca, Mexico 1998-2009 Guchachi' Reza Iguana RajadaHistorical and Cultural Journal, Oaxaca, Mexico 1996-98 (no longer publishing) Program Committees Member of the North American Organizing Committee of the XIII and XIV Conferences of the International Meeting of Historians of Mexico, 2008-2014. Organizer of XIII Meeting held in Querétaro, Mexico, October 2010 and XIV Meeting held in Chicago, Illinois, September 2014.
2008-2009, 2010 - Prize Committees Member, Ligia Parra Prize Committee, best 2007 publication (book or article on women’s history or written by a woman that began as a Rocky Mountain Council on Latin American Studies presentation) Rocky Mountain Council of Latin American Studies, 2008
Latin American and Caribbean Section, Southern Historical Association I have refereed submissions for: Hispanic American Historical Review, The Americas, Mexican Studies, Journal of Latin American and Iberian Studies, Women’s Studies International Forum, Signos, Acervos, Cuadernos del Sur, Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies University of North Carolina Press, Stanford University Press, University of Nebraska Press, Redmugen (Network of Women and Gender in Mexico), Proceedings of the XIII Meeting of Mexican, U.S. and Canadian Historians Visiting PositionsVisiting Researcher, Instituto en Investigaciones en Humanidades, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Oaxaca, México, Nov.-Dec. 2012. Visiting Researcher, Instituto en Investigaciones en Humanidades, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Oaxaca, México, June - July 2007. Visiting Researcher, Instituto en Investigaciones Sociológicas, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Oaxaca, México, May - August 2005. Visiting Researcher, Instituto en Investigaciones Sociológicas, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Oaxaca, México, May - August 2003.
Grants and Fellowships2014-2015 University Research Professorship grant 2012-2015 Provost’s Distinguished Service Professorship yearly stipend for research 2012 Fall Semester, Sabbatical Grant, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky 2010 Minigrant for Summer Faculty Research, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky 2009 Spring Semester, Research Semester Award as Distinguished Professor of Arts and Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, $5,000 2007 Minigrant for Summer Faculty Research, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky 2005 Summer Faculty Research Grant, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky 2004 College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Minigrant for Translation from English to Spanish 2003 University of Kentucky Research Fund Grant - Mexico Research 1996 University of Kentucky Research Fund Grant - Mexico Research 1994 University of Kentucky MiniGrant for 2 weeks research in Mexico in October 1992 National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Institute "The Encounter of Cultures in Brazil" June-July, 1992 in Sao Paulo, Ouro Prieto and Salvador, Brazil. 1991 Special Summer Faculty Fellowship, University of Kentucky 1989 University of Kentucky Research Fund Grant 1984-86 PRONAES (Mexican Ministry of Education) Grant for research on Regional History, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Mexico City
Academic PostsAugust 2013 – June 2014, Co-Chair, College of Arts and Sciences Passport to the World Program: Viva Mexico! August 2010 – June 2011 Interim Co-Director of Latin American Studies Program University of Kentucky July 2007 – 2011 Chair, Department of History, University of Kentucky 2006 Spring Semester, Interim Director of Latin American Studies Program University of Kentucky 1997- 2000 Director of Latin American Studies Program University of Kentucky 1984-85 Chairperson, Area of History, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa Campus, Mexico City
Archive Organization1982-83 Organizer and Director of the Program sponsored by the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa Campus, the Archivo General de la Nación and the Archivo General del Estado de Oaxaca to organize and classify municipal and state archives of Oaxaca, Mexico. Translations: Spanish to English - Papers presented to V International Congress of Rural Sociology, Mexico City, August, l980. ConsultingIndependent consultant to the Council of American Overseas Research Centers and the Directorate of International Activities of the Smithsonian Institution on proposed Mexican projects, March-June, l987. Courses Taught, Graduate: Biography, Gender, and History Latin American Societies in Transition, 1850 to the present Culture, Ideas, and Society in Latin America Regional History of Mexico History of U.S. Relations with Latin America Historical Criticism Social Theory Graduate Seminar: Migrations, Displacements, and Mobilities Social Theory Graduate Seminar: Transnational Lives
Senior Seminar: Biography and History Woman and Power in History Women and Gender in Latin America Women in History and Film in Latin America Introduction to Latin American Studies Globalization and Me Modern Latin America Colonial Latin America Cinema in Latin America Modern Mexico Intellectual and Cultural History of Latin America Revolution in Twentieth Century Latin America Mexico: Economy, Politics and Society, 1521-1867 Socio-Economic History of the Andean Area: Colombia and Ecuador Methodology of Social History Junior Seminar: Historical Method and Literature History of Civilization I Academic CommitteesUniversity of Kentucky: 2014 - 2016 Provost’s Academic Area Advisory Committee 1988 – Latin American Studies Advisory Committee 2008 -2011 UK Department Chairs Advisory Board 2007 -2011 Chair’s Council, College of Arts and Sciences 2009, 2010 Distinguished Professor Award Committee, College of Arts and Sciences 2006 –2008 Dean’s Advisory Committee on Promotion and Tenure 2004 - 2008 Women and Gender Studies Steering Committee (previously 1992-2000) 2004 –2006 Chair of Women’s Studies Faculty Review Committee 2005 - 2006 Committee on Women Faculty, College of Arts and Sciences 2004 - 2005 Chair, Review of Hispanic Studies Department 2003 - 2006 University Research Advisory Committee 1999 – 2001 Interdisciplinary Task Force, College of Arts and Sciences 1997 – 2000 UK Graduate School Committee on Fellowships Previously within the University: Co-Chair Committee on Women's Studies Graduate Committee, various Search Committees, UK Semester in Mexico Project, Planning and Priorities Committee (College of Arts and Sciences), Study Abroad Advisory Committee, Chair, Columbus Quincentennial Committee. Within the Dept. of History: Executive Committee, Planning and Priorities, Graduate Committee, and various search committees. 1982-86 Committee on the Master’s Program in History, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa Campus Associate Status at the University of Kentucky Latin American Studies Program Gender and Women’s Studies Program Appalachian Studies Center Social Theory Program
Faculty AdvisorLatino American Student Organization, University of Kentucky 1995-1999, 2007 - 2010 Campus Progressive Student Coalition 2001 - 2004 Student Feminist Alliance, 2000 – 2001
Advisory CommitteesAdvisory Board Member, Kentucky Coalition on Comprehensive Immigration Rights and Reform, 2008-2010 Board Member, Kentucky Coalition on Comprehensive Immigration Reform, 2006 -2007 Occasional Columnist local Hispanic newspaper, La Voz de Kentucky, Lexington, KY, Midwest Association of Latin American Studies, 1996-98 Association MembershipsAmerican Historical Association Conference of Latin American History Latin American Studies Association Rocky Mountain Council of Latin American Studies Southern Historical Association (and Latin American and Caribbean Section) Redmugen, Network of Women and Gender in Mexico Phi Alpha Theta Vassar Alumni Association Community Activities Secretary and Member of the Board of Directors of the Foundation for Latin@ and Latin American Culture and Arts (FLACA), a non-profit organization that works to further Latin@ and Latin American culture in the region, 2013- Secretary of the Board of FLACA, 2014 -
Radio Interview, Program “Uno Mas Uno con 7” Supertalk 96.1, Lexington, Ky October 15, 2006 Radio Interview on the life of Benito Juarez on the program “Juarez 200 años de vida” Interviewed by Víctor Ruiz Arrazola, XEOAX June 11, 2005 10-11 am. Podcasts Long Story Short Series, Department of Historry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Episode 5 “I Voted for Shirley Chisholm“ at https://soundcloud.com/ukarts_sciences/lss-episode-5-i-voted-for-shirley-chilsholm TelevisionOctober 16, 2015 Interview on Channel 10 Megacable TV News Program “A Fondo” by Connie Baigorria, Salina Cruz, Mexico. March 16, 2015, Interviewed for documentary on the life of Porfirio Díaz by Clío TV, Mexico City, Mexico. Porfiio Díaz El Centenario, in 5 one-hour chapters. I appear in Chapter I - El Hombre de Oaxaca, http://www.cliotv.com/prueba/ October 23 and 28, 2010, “Mujeres” aired on Mexican TV Channels 22 and 11 “Women´s and Gender History” segment for “Discutamos México” series produced by Mexican Consejo Nacional de la Cultura, Ministry of Education for Centennial of the Mexican Revolution Program now available on internet at http://www.discutamosmexico.com/?q=2&s=17 May 5, 2010 Cinco de Mayo Talk (explanation) on “Kentucky Sunrise” Channel 18 WLEX May 5, 2009 Cinco de Mayo Talk (explanation) on “Kentucky Sunrise” Channel 18 WLEX April 15, 1991 participant in "Women in Latin America" along with Mary Kay Vaughan, Heather Fowler Salamini and Ken Hirth, taped by Kentucky Educational TV Nov.7, 1984 participant in the educational television series "The Revolution in the States" on Channel 8, with Dr. Carlos Martínez Assad and Dr. David LaFrance, Mexico City. Documentaries I am currently working with Professors Manuel Tenorio and Israel Morales of the Dept. of Communications of the Universidad del Mar (University of the Sea), Huatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico on the production of a documentary on the life of Juana Catarina Romero. I am the historical consultant for this film, which focuses on Romero in popular memory in Mexico. In July 2013, the university production team taped a three-hour interview with me on my historical research on Romero. Taped another 2 hour interview on October 15, 2015 at the Universidad del Mar, Huatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico. October 17, 2015 filmed a one- hour documentary, Conversation on Juana C. Romero (1837-1915) and Tour of her Chalet, with Mario Mecott, local historian, sponsored by the municipal president, Donovan Rito, Tehuantepec, Mexico. Papers Presented at Congresses and Seminars (only since 1993 to reduce length of CV) “Promoting modernity in Oaxaca: Porfirio Díaz and his Patria Chica” Session on Provinces in Transition: Mexico, 1870-1930, Council on Latin American History, American Historical Association Meeting, Jan. 6, 2017, Denver, Co. “El reto de la biografía feminista en México” (The Challenge of Feminist Biography in Mexico), International Conference, Rupturas y continuidades de una época. Historia y biografía de mujeres, Siglo XIX y XX (Ruptures and Continuities: History and Biographies of Women, 19th and 20th C.), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Oct. 3-5, 2016. “Myth vs. Reality: The Challenge of Writing Feminist Biography in Mexico,” X World Conference of the International Association for Biography and Autobiography, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, May 25-29, 2016. “Biografía del poder: La vida extraordinaria de Juana Catarina Romero, Cacica de Tehuantepec (1837-1915),” III Congreso Internacional sobre Ibero-América, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece, May 18-20, 2016. Keynote lecture: “Porfirio Díaz y Juana C. Romero, protagonistas de la modernidad” (Porfirio Díaz and Juana C. Romero, Protagonists of Modernity) Coloquio sobre el Porfiriato, Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Centro Cultural San Pablo, July 4, 2015. Keynote Lecture: “Historia, biografía y género: Metodología,” Seminario “Rupturas y continuidades de una época. Historia y biografías de mujeres, siglos XIX y XX”, Maestría en Estudios de la Mujer, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco campus, Mexico City, July 19, 2015. “Una empresaria intrépida: Juana Catarina Romero y la modernización porfiriana de México”, Cuarto Congreso Latinoamerico de Historia Económica (4th Congress of Latin American Economic History), Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Bogotá, Colombia, July 23-25, 2014. “Tehuantepec en la mira extranjera y nacional” (Tehuantepec in the foreign and national gaze), Coloquio “Inmigrantes y Diversidad Cultural en México siglos XIX y XX” (Immigrants and Cultural Diversity in Mexico, nineteenth and twentieth centuries), Colegio de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico, May 28-30, 2014. “Myths, Lies, and Stereotypes: The Challenge of Feminist Biography” Presidential Panel of Council on Latin American History, American Historical Association Meeting, Jan. 4, 2013, New Orleans, La. “Historia, biografía y género en el México decimonónico” (History, Biography, and Gender), Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades, University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Nov. 30, 2012 (for students and professors in the newly inaugurated B.A. in Humanities). “Mitos, mentiras y estereotipos: El reto de la biografía feminista” Colloquium, “El Arte de la Biografía entre la imaginación histórica y la ficción literaria,” El Colegio Mexiquense, Toluca, Mexico, Oct. 10, 2012. “Historia, biografía y género en el México decimonónico” invited paper for the International Seminar “Dialogues on Historical Research: Methodological and Pedagogical Reflections” Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, April 16, 2012. “Masculinidad y guerra en el siglo XIX: La formación del soldado/ciudadano”, XIII Meeting of Mexican, U.S. and Canadian Historians, Celebrating the Bicentennial of Independence and Centennial of the Mexican Revolution, Querétaro, México, Oct. 27, 2010. “Masculinity and War in Nineteenth Century Mexico: The Making of the Citizen Soldier” on panel “Masculinity and War” Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Association, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, August 14, 2010. Keynote Speaker, IV International Symposium of Redmugen, (Network of Research on Women and Gender), Oaxaca, Mexico, March 17, 2010. “El cuerpo femenino como campo de batalla: La mujer oaxaqueña en la Guerra de los Tres Años” “Gender, War, and Body Politics in Southern Mexico: The Women of Oaxaca in the War of the Reform, 1858-1861,” Southern Historical Association Meeting, Louisville, KY, Nov. 5-7, 2009 “A Tehuana and ‘Her’ Traje: Fashion, Modernity and Ethnicity in Porfirian Mexico” Latin American Labor History Conference, Duke University Invited Symposium, Oct. 2-3, 2009, Durham, N.C. “Tehuantepec porfiriano: Comercio y sociedad de consumo” at the session “Representando el pasado y el presente del istmo oaxaqueño” 53rd International Conference of Americanists, Mexico City, July 20-24, 2009. “Guerra, nación y género sexual: Las oaxaqueñas en al Guerra de la Reforma” Conference: A 150 Años de las Leyes de Reforma, organized by the University of Veracruz and state government of Veracruz, Port of Veracruz, Mexico, July 15-17, 2009. “Women, War, and Body Politics in Nineteenth Century Southern Mexico” American Historical Association Meeting, New York City, Jan. 5, 2009. “Juana Catarina Romero and the Transformation of the Traje of the Tehuana: Capitalism, Consumption, and Fashion in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Mexico” 14th Berkshire Conference on the History of Women, June 12-15, 2008, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. “Disciplinando Tehuantepec: Juana Catarina Romero, Cacica y modernizadora” International Colloquium, “Género, Cultura y Desarrollo,” University of Oaxaca, June 20-21, 2007. “Disciplining Tehuantepec: Juana Catarina Romero, the Case of a Modernizing Cacica” American Historical Association Meeting, Atlanta, GA Jan. 6, 2007. “Disciplining Tehuantepec: Juana Catarina Romero, the Case of a Modernizing Cacica” XII Conference of Mexican, United States, and Canadian Historians, Vancouver, Canada . Oct. 4-8, 2006. “La mujer en la construcción de la nación: El caso de Juana Catarina Romero de Tehuantepec” Symposium: “Voces silenciadas en la historia y la literatura mexicana: Mujeres, indígenas y mestizos,” 52nd International Conference of Americanists, Sevilla, España, July 17-21, 2006. “El México de Juárez” Seminar: La formación política de Benito Juárez Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico, March 14-15, 2006. “¿Una derrota juarista: Benito Juárez García vs. los juchitecos” Seminar El accionar de los pueblos indígenas durante el juarismo 1847-1872, Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico, December 8-9, 2005. 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